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clear , concise,  focused , structured and backed up by evidence .   Its purpose is to aid the reader’s understanding . It has a formal tone and style, but it is not complex and does not require the use of long sentences and complicated vocabulary. Each subject discipline will have certain writing conventions, vocabulary and types of discourse that you will become familiar with over the course of your degree. However, there are some general characteristics of academic writing that are relevant across all disciplines.

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Planning
Organisation
Accuracy
Responsibility
Complexity
Formality
Precision
Academic Writing
Objectivity
Explicitness
Hedging

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it helps  you  organize  your thoughts and  prioritize  the way you present information. By  planning  your  writing : ... You are enabled to work out a logical structure and end point for your  writing  before you start the process

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Written  language is relatively more  complex  than spoken language.  Written  language has longer words, it is lexically more dense and it has a more varied vocabulary. It uses more noun-based phrases than verb-based phrases.

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Academic writing  is very explicit and provides the reader with all the information they need to understand your meaning. This is in contrast to  written  or spoken English in less formal contexts, which often relies on readers or listeners to supply extra information that completes the message.

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is a style of  written  communication whose the primary objective is to convey information. ... Conciseness refers to the minimal number of words needed to convey information without sacrificing clarity while providing fault tolerance

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This means that the main emphasis should be on the information that you want to give and the arguments you want to make, rather than you. This is related to the basic nature of  academic  study and  academic writing , in particular. Nobody really wants to know what you "think" or "believe".

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Academic writing  is explicit about the relationships  in  t he  text. Furthermore, it is the responsibility of the writer in English to make it clear to the reader how the various parts of the text are related. These connections can be made explicit by the use of different  signaling  words.

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However it is now  recognized  that an important feature of  academic writing  is the concept of cautious language, often called " hedging " or "vague language". ... In other words, it is necessary to make decisions about your stance on a particular subject, or the strength of the claims you are making.

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In  academic writing  you are  responsible  for demonstrating an understanding of the source text. You must also be  responsible  for, and must be able to provide evidence and justification for, any claims you make .

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refers to how correct learners' use of the language system is, including their use of grammar, pronunciation and vocabulary.  Accuracy  is often compared to fluency when we talk about a learner's level of speaking or  writing .

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Organization  typically refers to the large elements of text structure. ... Typically,  organization  refers to the larger parts of a piece of  writing , although it also refers to how paragraphs and sentences are  written .

quarter 4 module 1 features of academic writing

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