Optimization of FACTS Devices Using Modern Artificial Intelligence Methods

[Virtual Presenter] Good morning everyone. Today I will be discussing the optimization of FACTS devices for improved power system stability in modern power systems using modern AI methods. We will explore the key challenges and opportunities associated with this technology and consider the various strategies to make the most out of it. My research at Cairo University focuses on using modern Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods to optimize FACTS devices. We'll be delving into the fascinating world of power systems and how we can enhance their efficiency and stability using cutting-edge AI techniques In this presentation, we'll begin by exploring the objectives and aspects of power systems. Understanding these fundamental concepts is crucial to appreciate the significance of our topic.“ Next, we'll delve into the concept of system integrity. We'll discuss why it's paramount for the reliable operation of power systems Power system stability is a key factor in ensuring uninterrupted energy distribution. We'll examine its importance and role in maintaining a steady power supply The control subsystem plays a vital role in regulating power systems. We'll explore how it contributes to system stability and reliability Now, let's shift our focus to FACTS devices, or Flexible AC Transmission Systems. We'll see how these devices are integral to optimizing power systems Understanding the modeling of power systems and their limits is essential. It lays the foundation for efficient optimization To optimize FACTS devices effectively, we need to model them accurately within the power system. We'll explore how this is done The load flow solution is a critical aspect of power system optimization. We'll discuss this process and its relevance We'll now dive into the evaluation of indices and the formulation of objective functions. This step is pivotal in achieving optimized power systems To further our optimization efforts, we turn to stochastic algorithms and search techniques. We'll examine their role in enhancing power systems Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is one of the modern AI methods we'll discuss.It's a powerful tool for improving power system efficiency Here's a visual representation of the PSO algorithm. This flow chart provides a clearer understanding of how it operates in the context of power system optimization To implement PSO effectively, we need to consider the input data, conditions, and system limits. This part is crucial for successful optimization Now, let's take a look at the results and simulations. We'll share the outcomes of our efforts to optimize power systems using AI methods In conclusion, we've explored the optimization of FACTS devices using modern AI techniques. We'll wrap up by summarizing our key findings and emphasizing the importance of embracing these methods for a more reliable and efficient power system The interconnected nature of the grid, the presence of diverse generator types, fluctuating load profiles, unique transmission line properties,. Power systems are the backbone of modern society, delivering electricity to our homes and industries. They are vast, complex networks that extend across extensive geographical regions, interconnecting numerous substations and components ­These systems face a multitude of challenges. Firstly, load demands exhibit variations throughout the day, week, and across seasons, requiring continual adjustments in generation and distribution to meet the needs of consumers Moreover, power systems integrate a diverse range of generator types, including thermal, hydro, wind, and solar power. Each of these sources introduces complexities in control and coordination Transmission line characteristics, losses, and reactive power compensation play a significant role in shaping system behavior, making it essential to optimize these aspects for efficient operation In light of these challenges, it becomes imperative to explore innovative approaches to enhance the reliability, efficiency, and stability of power systems. This is where the optimization of FACTS devices using modern AI methods comes into play Power system stability is a significant challenge for the secure operation of modern large interconnected systems. Recent major blackouts worldwide, even in sophisticated and secure systems, highlight the difficulties in maintaining power system stability In the context of power systems, stability refers to the system's ability to return to normal or stable operation after experiencing disturbances, particularly in terms of synchronous operation. This is crucial for preventing blackouts and maintaining consistent power delivery Power system stability is analyzed under two main categories The first category is steady-state stability. Steady-state stability relates to the system's ability to regain synchronism after minor, gradual disturbances, such as gradual power changes The second category, transient stability, is an extension of steady-state stability. It deals with the effects of sudden, large disturbances like faults or line outages Transient stability studies focus on the system's ability to maintain synchronous operation when subjected to these large disturbances. The loss of synchronism typically occurs within seconds of the disturbance, making this aspect crucial for preventing cascading failures and ensuring system reliability System integrity is a critical component of power systems, ensuring the continuous and reliable delivery of electricity to consumers. It involves the continuous monitoring of real-time system parameters through comprehensive AC load flow calculations, accounting for all potential outage events, including generator and transmission line outages It's important to note that, despite best efforts, power systems can never be entirely secure at all times. Sequences of events can be devised, leading to either partial or complete system collapse, which underscores the importance of system integrity The system's integrity hinges on its operating state, which can be categorized into three main states The first is the normal operating state.In this state, the power system is functioning without any major disturbances, and all parameters are within acceptable ranges The second state is the abnormal operating state. This state occurs when there are minor disturbances or deviations from normal conditions, which might require corrective action to prevent further issues The third state is the restorative state. This state comes into play when the system has experienced a significant disturbance or fault. During this phase, efforts are focused on restoring the system to normal operation as quickly and efficiently as possible Effectively coordinating preventive, emergency, and corrective controls in such a complex environment is a paramount challenge. It requires advanced monitoring approaches and control systems that are instrumental in ensuring the stability, reliability, and safety of power supply Preventive, emergency, and corrective controls are the strategies employed to uphold the stability, reliability, and safety of the power system. These controls address various critical issues, such as voltage stability, frequency control, and fault protection Preventive controls encompass measures taken to avert potential issues and maintain the power system's normal operating conditions. These measures are implemented during regular operating conditions to ensure the system stays within safe and reliable limits Emergency controls, on the other hand, entail actions triggered by sudden disturbances or faults that endanger the system's stability or reliability. These controls are automatically activated when the system encounters abnormal conditions, helping to mitigate potential problems Lastly, corrective controls involve actions taken to restore the power system to stability and its normal operating conditions following a disturbance. These controls are utilized to rectify system parameters that deviate from acceptable limits, ensuring the system gets back on track quickly and efficiently Power flow in an electrical grid must be carefully balanced between generation and load constraints.Preventative, emergency, and corrective measures can be taken to ensure this balance. A critical step in ensuring voltage stability is to utilize Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices. These devices are able to regulate system parameters such as voltage and impedance, allowing for proactive preventative actions to avoid undesired conditions and system states. In conclusion, FACTS devices are necessary for maintaining voltage stability. FACTS devices serve as a proactive measure to maintain voltage stability even when confronted with unexpected disturbances. This proactive approach is key to averting a transition to an emergency state and ensuring a reliable power supply The presentation will focus on the optimization of FACTS devices using modern Artificial Intelligence methods. Examples of these FACTS devices are the Series Compensation System, Static Var Compensator, Utility STATCOM and the Synchronous Condenser. Their applications range from reducing power losses in electrical systems, to improving voltage stability and power quality. We will discuss how the use of AI-driven models and algorithms can enable the optimal design of these FACTS devices. FACTS devices, or Flexible AC Transmission Systems, are instrumental in optimizing power flow and enhancing system stability within electrical power systems. These devices play crucial roles in both corrective and preventive control, ensuring that the system operates efficiently under normal conditions and expected contingencies FACTS devices are typically classified into three main categories, each serving a distinct purpose within power systems The first category is series devices, which include FACTS devices like the thyristor-controlled series compensator (TCSC) and the static synchronous series compensator (SSSC). These devices are deployed in series with the transmission line and are vital for enhancing power transfer and stability The second category comprises shunt devices, which encompass FACTS devices such as the static var compensator (SVC) and the static synchronous compensator (STATCOM).Shunt devices are connected in parallel with the transmission line and are essential for controlling voltage levels and power factor Lastly, we have combined series-shunt devices, exemplified by the unified power flow controller (UPFC). UPFCs offer a combination of both series and shunt capabilities, providing comprehensive control over voltage and power flow in the power system These FACTS devices are versatile tools that enable us to optimize power systems, ensuring reliable and stable electricity supply even in the face of varying demand and unexpected contingencies FACTS devices are essential for electricity networks. Artificial intelligence methods can significantly enhance their performance. This slide focuses on the two main types of FACTS devices: Static Var Compensators (SVC) and Static Synchronous Compensators (STATCOM). SVCs regulate reactive power by adjusting susceptance, creating a better power factor and voltage levels at specific locations in the network. STATCOMs employ power electronics to generate or absorb reactive power, providing more rapid response times and greater controllability, making them optimal for modern electricity networks. FACTS devices like Thyristor-Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) and Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) are increasingly seen as viable options for enhancing power flow in Electrical Power Systems. Combining these advanced Artificial Intelligence methods facilitate power system operators to gain an enhanced perception of their network, enabling them to optimize its performance. This cost-effective solution brings about improved reliability of the grid, meanwhile, curtailing power losses. Power grid modernization is heavily reliant on FACTS devices, which are optimized by leveraging the latest AI techniques. This optimization provides more efficient management of electricity transfer, resulting in increased reliability and stability. With AI-optimized FACTS devices, control over the flow of power in our grid is unprecedented,enabling us to meet our energy needs more efficiently. Moreover, the optimization of FACTS devices through AI is becoming more and more essential as reliable energy transfer becomes increasingly important. By capitalizing on advanced AI techniques, we can maximize the potential of FACTS devices to make our grid more effective and reliable. The need for power flow studies in power systems arises for several critical reasons. These studies play a pivotal role in ensuring the efficient and reliable operation of the entire network First, power flow studies help us understand the power flows within transmission lines. By doing so, we can ensure that these flows remain within operational limits, preventing overloads and optimizing the use of these assets Secondly, these studies are crucial for analyzing the voltage levels at different buses within the network. Maintaining an acceptable voltage profile across the system is essential to ensuring that consumers receive power at the right voltage levels Additionally, power flow studies help us assess how alterations in the network's configuration, such as the addition of new circuits, impact system loading. This is particularly important as changes to the network can have ripple effects on its overall performance Power flow studies also play a significant role in evaluating the effects of temporary loss of transmission capacity or generation on system loading and its associated consequences. This helps in devising strategies to manage such contingencies Furthermore, these studies enable us to study the effects of voltage control mechanisms in both magnitude and phase on system loading. This control is essential for maintaining system stability and optimizing performance Last but not least, power flow studies are instrumental in ensuring the economic operation of the system. By optimizing power generation, minimizing operating costs, and making efficient use of resources, we can provide reliable power while keeping costs in check In essence,power flow studies are the backbone of a well-operated and efficient power system, contributing to both reliability and cost-effectiveness One of the key aspects of power flow analysis is system loss minimization. By minimizing power losses within the system, we can significantly enhance its overall efficiency, making the most out of the generated power Determining optimal settings for transformer taps is another critical application of power flow analysis. This helps us achieve economic operation, ensuring that the transformers work at their best and minimize energy wastage Power flow analysis also aids in exploring possibilities to enhance existing systems. This includes making improvements like changing conductor sizes, system voltages, or other components to optimize performance Power flow analysis systematically calculates various parameters, including bus voltages, phase angles, active and reactive power flows, and system stability under steady-state conditions This analysis is crucial for both power system planning and operation, as it provides the data and insights needed to make informed decisions for efficient and reliable energy distribution Power flow analysis is a fundamental mathematical approach that systematically calculates various parameters within the power system. This analysis plays a vital role in ensuring the efficient and reliable operation of the entire network In power systems, various variables and parameters are used to describe the behavior and characteristics of the components. Let's take a closer look at the notation and definitions for these variables. exemplifying with the system model for load flow studies. This is represented in Figure 1, the schematic diagram of a two bus power system. Artificial intelligence technologies can be employed to optimize FACTS devices to bolster grid stability and dependability. Through the usage of state-of-the-art system modeling techniques, it is feasible to analyze the influence of FACTS devices on the grid's load flow;by exploiting this data, the execution of FACTS devices can be improved, thereby increasing the stability and dependability of the grid. Bus current, denoted as ?_???, is calculated by multiplying the bus admittance (?_???) and the bus voltage (?_???). This formula helps us understand the flow of current at a specific bus To calculate the current at a specific bus, ?, we can use the following formula These formulas highlight the relationships between bus current, voltage, and power. In particular, the real and reactive power at bus ? can be calculated as These equations are fundamental for power system analysis and allow us to understand how power is distributed and controlled within the network FACTS devices have become increasingly important in the modern electric power grid. By deploying these devices, utilities can optimize power flow and increase control over the grid. Thanks to the growing capabilities of modern Artificial Intelligence algorithms, FACTS devices can be further optimized for more efficient operation. In our research, we have created a FACTS controller model to conduct load flow studies by employing a state-of-the-art AI-based optimization technique. This model can provide an enhanced performance evaluation of FACTS devices and thus ensure a more reliable and efficient power grid.” In our research, we have created a model to evaluate the performance of FACTS devices for optimizing power flow in the current electric grid. We have used state-of-the-art Artificial Intelligence algorithms to find the most efficient configuration for FACTS controllers. This model can provide detailed insights on the impact of FACTS devices on the grid and thus help utilities to make informed decisions that result in improved reliability and increased efficiency. VSC-based FACTS controllers offer several advantages compared to variable impedance type controllers, making them a compelling choice for power system applications For instance,STATCOMs, a type of VSC-based controller, are more compact for equivalent ratings and exhibit technical superiority. They can deliver the required reactive current even at low bus voltage levels STATCOMs can also be designed with built-in short-term overload capacity, providing additional flexibility and resilience in managing system contingencies Another key advantage is that STATCOMs can provide active power when they possess an energy source or substantial energy storage at their DC terminals. This feature enhances their versatility in grid operation However, it's essential to note that VSC-based controllers necessitate the use of self-commutating power semiconductor devices. These devices include options such as Gate Turn-off (GTO) thyristors, Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBT), or Integrated Gate Commutated Thyristors (IGCT) Moreover, the technical benefits of VSC-based controllers, coupled with the emergence of power semiconductor devices employing silicon carbide technology, are expected to promote the widespread adoption of VSC-based controllers in the future These advancements are driving innovation in power system control and management, paving the way for more reliable and efficient electrical grids Reactive power compensation using voltage source converter (VSC) technology offers specific advantages that can significantly enhance the overall performance of the power system One key application of VSC technology is the Static Synchronous Compensator, or STATCOM. It's a powerful tool for controlling system voltage and improving power factor Here's a schematic diagram depicting the key components and connections of a Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM). Another important application of VSC technology is the Static Synchronous Series Compensator, or SSSC. It is used to enhance power transfer and control voltage on a transmission line. Here's a schematic diagram illustrating the components and connections of a Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) The Unified Power Flow Controller,or UPFC, is a comprehensive solution that combines the capabilities of both STATCOM and SSSC. It provides dynamic control of both line impedance and voltage Here's a schematic diagram displaying the components and connections of a Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) These devices are critical for maintaining power system stability, controlling voltage, and enhancing power transfer capability. Their applications help ensure the efficient and reliable operation of the electrical grid The Unified Power Flow Controller, often referred to as UPFC, is a standout among FACTS controllers due to its versatility. It makes use of three control variables, which include the magnitude and phase angle of the series-injected voltage and the reactive current drawn by the shunt-connected Voltage Source Converter (VSC) The shunt-connected VSC draws the current, denoted as '?,' while the series-connected VSC injects the voltage, denoted as '?.' These quantities can be conveniently represented as phasors, denoted as '?' and '?,' when disregarding harmonics By disregarding power losses within the UPFC, we can establish the following constraint equation In these expressions, '?_?' and '?_?' represent the 'real' and 'reactive' components of the current drawn by the shunt-connected VSC. Similarly, '?_?' and '?_?' denote the 'real' and 'reactive' voltages injected by the series-connected VSC This relationship can also be expressed as Understanding these equations is crucial for grasping the control mechanisms and capabilities of the UPFC in regulating power flows within the grid to optimize the application of Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices, such as Voltage Source Converters. Through analyzing the controller constraint equations and control variables, the best control strategy can be determined to obtain the desired results. For example, the SVC controller is applicable for voltage regulation, TCSC controllers are suitable for power flow control, while STATCOM and SSSC controllers with energy sources are effective for active and reactive power compensation. The Thyristor-Controlled Series Capacitor, commonly known as TCSC, is a key component used for series compensation in power systems It comprises a series capacitor bank connected in parallel with a thyristor-controlled reactor. This unique configuration allows for precise control of the series compensation The core concept behind using a TCSC for power flow control is to either decrease or increase the overall effective series transmission impedance of the line by introducing a capacitive or inductive reactance, respectively The TCSC is typically represented as a variable reactance, and its operation can be finely controlled to optimize power flow The equivalent reactance of the line, denoted as ?_??, is defined as followsHere, ?_???? represents the reactance of the transmission line, and ?_???? signifies the reactance of the TCSC The level of TCSC compensation applied typically ranges from 20% inductive to 80% capacitive, making it a versatile tool for optimizing power transmission The TCSC's ability to dynamically adjust its reactance offers control over power flow, line stability, and voltage profiles, contributing to a more reliable power system The Thyristor-Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) offers the capability to adjust the reactive impedance in the form of ? ?_(?) above or below the original line impedance. This ability enables precise control of power flow The power flow equations for the active and reactive components, following the incorporation of the TCSC, can be expressed as follows These equations play a vital role in understanding and controlling power flow in the presence of TCSC. They allow for precise control over active and reactive power transfer in the power system Static Var Compensators, commonly known as SVCs, are vital components in power systems that employ back-to-back connected thyristor valves to regulate the flow of current through a reactor Initially, SVCs found application in load compensation for rapidly fluctuating loads,such as those encountered in steel mills and arc furnacesIn transmission scenarios, the SVC's role involves regulating grid voltage. When the reactive load of the power system leans towards being capacitive (leading), the SVC utilizes thyristor-controlled reactors to absorb vars, thereby reducing the system voltage By combining the continuously variable thyristor-controlled reactor with capacitor bank steps, the SVC provides the capability for dynamic adjustment of leading or lagging power The primary objective is to enhance dynamic power factor control and balance source-side currents as needed There are two types of SVCs commonly used in power systems The latter type, TSC-TCR, offers greater flexibility than the former and demands a smaller reactor rating, thereby generating fewer harmonics "The effectiveness of an SVC greatly depends on its placement. Ideally, it should be situated at the electrical center of the system or at the midpoint of a transmission line In industrial settings, SVCs are commonly positioned near high-demand, rapidly changing loads, such as arc furnaces, to mitigate voltage flicker SVCs play a crucial role in minimizing variations through precise control, contributing to the stability and reliability of the power system Let's delve into the control range of Static Var Compensators (SVCs) and their characteristic curve In the equation, ADB represents the control range. OA depicts the characteristic curve where the SVC reaches the capacitor limit, and BC represents the SVC reaching its inductor limit It's worth noting that SVC current is considered positive when the SVC susceptance is inductive. Therefore, the relationship can be expressed as The slope of the OA segment corresponds to ?_(? ???) (capacitor susceptance), while the slope of OBC represents ?_(? ???) (reactor susceptance) A positive slope, typically within the 1-5% range, is provided in the control range. This serves two main purposes To facilitate parallel operation of multiple SVCs connected to the same or neighboring buses To prevent frequent limit encounters,ensuring smooth and stable operation Let's delve into the control range of Static Var Compensators (SVCs) and their characteristic curve In the equation, ADB represents the control range. OA depicts the characteristic curve where the SVC reaches the capacitor limit, and BC represents the SVC reaching its inductor limit The SVC's control range is defined as Understanding the control range and characteristic curve is crucial for optimizing the operation of SVCs and their contribution to system stability Using modern Artificial Intelligence methods, the power transfer can be optimized through the use of FACTS Devices. This slide shows an example of such a device, a TSC-TCR type Static Var Compensator (SVC). This SVC is connected using two thyristor switches, arranged in a back-to-back configuration, which minimizes the switching transients. Under stable operation, the TSC does not add any harmonic distortions. With the help of Artificial Intelligence, we can make better use of FACTS Devices to better optimize the power transfer. Let's explore the schematic diagram of a TSC-TCR type Static Var Compensator (SVC) The diagram reveals that the Thyristor-Controlled Reactor (TCR) and Thyristor Switched Capacitor (TSC) are interconnected on the secondary side of a step-down transformer To acquire the voltage signal, a potential transformer is employed. It's connected to the high-voltage SVC bus The TSC is activated using two thyristor switches, connected in a back-to-back configuration, precisely at the moment during a cycle when the voltage across the valve is at its minimum positive value This strategic timing minimizes switching transients, ensuring smooth and efficient operation In a stable operational state, the TSC does not introduce any harmonic distortions, maintaining the quality of the power in the system To deactivate a TSC, the gate pulses are blocked, and the thyristors switch off when the current flowing through them falls below the holding current threshold This control mechanism ensures precise and responsive control of the TSC within the SVC system Modeling Static Var Compensators (SVCs) involves two distinct approaches, each offering a different perspective on how these devices operate The first model is known as the passive model. In this approach, the SVC is viewed as a variable impedance that automatically adjusts to achieve voltage control This model comprises a fixed capacitor (with susceptance ?_?) in parallel with a thyristor-controlled reactor (with susceptance ?_?). The equivalent susceptance is represented as ?_(?? ???) The second model, termed the active model, portrays the SVC as a generator. In this case, the active model employs the reactive power injected into or absorbed by the SVC as the state variable (?_????) Regardless of the modeling approach used, SVCs operate within certain operational technical constraints These constraints ensure that the SVC operates within its specified bounds to maintain system stability and reliability Considering the three regions of FACTS devices, the inductive region features a device with an inductive reactance that is used to control the bus voltage. In the capacitive region, the device's reactance is capacitive to increase the power transfer and system stability. Resonance at specific frequencies is achieved in the resonance region, aiding in even further optimization of system stability. Artificial Intelligence methods can be used to optimize FACTS devices in all of these regions. At SVC limits, when the SVC reaches its capacity, it can be represented as a fixed susceptance (?_???) At the capacitive limit, ?_??? equals ?_(? ???), while at the inductive limit, ?_??? equals -?_(? ???) The Power Angle Curve for the SVC consists of three distinct segments, each corresponding to different operational scenarios By understanding these segments, we can effectively control and optimize the operation of SVCs in power systems Let's delve into the equations used for modeling Static Var Compensators (SVCs) to better understand their behavior The equivalent susceptance,?_(?? ???), is the key parameter for SVC modeling. It can be calculated using the following formula?_(?? ???) falls within specific bounds to ensure proper operation. These bounds are defined as These equations help us accurately model the behavior of SVCs and optimize their performance in power systems Now, let's discuss an important concept in power systems: steady-state resonance. This phenomenon is influenced by the relationship between the capacitive reactance (?_(? ???)) and the inductive reactance (?_(? ???)) of an SVC The occurrence of steady-state resonance can be induced by a specific firing angle during SVC operation The equivalent susceptance of an SVC, considering the firing angle (?), can be expressed as Understanding this relationship is crucial in managing and avoiding resonance issues in power systems where SVCs are employed Static Var Compensators (SVCs) play a crucial role in power systems by swiftly regulating voltage and managing temporary overvoltage occurrences This dynamic control of reactive power at the load bus has several benefits, including amplifying power transmission capacity and resolving issues related to voltage instability Selecting the right location for SVC installation is a critical decision in power system planning For compensating long transmission lines, it's advisable to position the SVC at the midpoint when using a single SVC "In cases of extremely lengthy lines, deploying multiple SVCs at regular intervals can yield significant advantages When using SVCs to improve power transfer within a transmission network, the selection of the location can be based on the sensitivity of voltage at critical buses regarding reactive power injection (Δ?_?/Δ?_?). Generally, buses with low short-circuit levels are considered suitable candidates This strategic placement of SVCs contributes to the overall reliability and stability of the power system STATCOMs are an advanced form of Static VAR Compensator that leverage Voltage Source Converters instead of controllable reactors and switch capacitors.This modern method offers several advantages over SVC, such as higher efficiency and improved control of bus voltages in FACTS devices, leading to increased stability and reliability of the power grid. Furthermore, STATCOMs provide improved power factor control, harmonic filtering, and power flow control. Furthermore, the bulkiness of traditional network components is no longer needed, due to the rapid response of FACTS devices. Additionally, they are modular and can be relocated to suit different power sources, such as batteries, fuel cells and Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES). Moreover, the capacitive reactive current of a FACTS device stays at a constant level in low voltage conditions, superior to the linear decrease of an SVC approaching its voltage limit. This slide focuses on the principle of operation of a Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM). It utilizes advanced modern artificial intelligence technology to maximize power transfer efficiency when a large load is connected to the power network. We will explore its functionality and how it can be utilized to optimize FACTS devices. STATCOM can be seamlessly integrated with real power sources, such as batteries, fuel cells, or SMES (superconducting magnetic energy storage). This enhances its capabilities and grid stability In low-voltage conditions, STATCOM maintains superior performance by keeping reactive current constant Among these, STATCOMs are of particular value due to their capacity to generate almost full-capacitive outputs, unrelated to system voltage. This utility is particularly practical when addressing fault cases, where voltage collapse would otherwise be a setback. To demonstrate this, Figures 12 and 13 present a schematic and phasor diagram of two-bus power systems. With the emergence of Artificial Intelligence, we have the capability to optimize the operations of FACTS Devices such as Voltage Source Converters and Energy Storage. AI can be used to automate processes,analyze data, and identify potential improvements that can reduce the costs associated with the implementation of FACTS Devices while increasing their efficiency and performance. The angle of D-STATCOM, denoted as ∠ ?_(?−???????), is defined as ?/2 + ∝_???, where ∝_??? is negative The voltage of bus ? after compensation by D-STATCOM, represented as ?_???? ∠∝_???, can be calculated as follows Here, ?_???? is the voltage of bus ? after compensation by D-STATCOM, 〖?_?〗^′ ∠?^′ is the voltage of bus ? after D-STATCOM installation, and 〖?_?〗^′∠?^′ is the current flow in the line after D-STATCOM installation The calculation of reactive power for D-STATCOM is represented by ??_(?−???????) = ?_???? ?_(?−???????)^∗, where ?_????= ?_???? ∠∝_??? and ?_(?−???????) = ?_(?−???????) ∠ ?/2+ ∝_??? STATCOMs come with many applications. Its voltage regulation capabilities quickly regulate network voltage, increasing the power transfer capacity and Available Transfer Capacity of the network. Its small footprint and rapid response time allows power to be transmitted from distant economic generators to urban areas, ensuring they have stable and reliable power. Modern artificial intelligence methods can be used to optimize FACTS devices like STATCOMs to ensure these high performance standards. Thank you..