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•
Name
-
Vinay Jagdish Tidke
•
Std. 
–
9
th
,
Sec. 
–
D
•
Subject
-
Geography 
•
Topic 
–
Natural Disasters and 
management 
•
School 
–
Vivek Mandir 
school
•
Taught
by
–
Anubhav
sir
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INDEX
•
Disasters 
•
Natural Disasters 
•
Types of Natural Disasters 
•
Geophysical Natural disasters
•
Earthquake
•
Hydrological Natural disasters 
•
Flood
•
Climatological Natural Disasters 
•
Wild fires 
•
Meteorological Natural Disasters 
•
Cyclones
•
Disaster Management 
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A disaster is a serious disruption occurring

community or society to cope using its own

• Types of disasters usually fall into two broad

Types of disasters usually fall into two broad

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Natural disasters are generally associated

floods, hurricanes, earthquakes, tsunamis,

They cause a lot of losses of the area and

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• Geophysical (e.g. Earthquakes, Landslides, Tsunamis

• Hydrological (e.g. Avalanches and Floods)

• Climatological (e.g. Extreme Temperatures, Drought and

• Meteorological (e.g. Cyclones and Storms/Wave

• Biological (e.g. Disease Epidemics and insect/animals

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Geophysical disasters are disasters that are

activity below the Earth's surface. 1 Any kind

geophysical event to occur. Many of these

kinds of disasters have similar signs that

they are about to occur, such as shaking and

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• An earthquake is the result of a sudden release of

An earthquake is the result of a sudden release of

stored energy in the Earth's crust that creates

seismic waves. ... Earthquakes may occur naturally

or as a result of human activities. Smaller

earthquakes can also be caused by volcanic

activity, landslides, mine blasts, and nuclear

• Earthquakes are accordingly measured with a

Earthquakes are accordingly measured with a

seismometer, commonly known as a seismograph.

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conventionally reported using the Richter

magnitude 3 or lower earthquakes being hard

to notice and magnitude 7 causing serious

• At the Earth's surface, earthquakes may

displacement of the ground. Sometimes, they

cause tsunamis, which may lead to loss of life

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• Sometimes, they cause tsunamis, which may lead to

Sometimes, they cause tsunamis, which may lead to

loss of life and destruction of property.

• An earthquake is caused by tectonic plates getting

An earthquake is caused by tectonic plates getting

stuck and putting a strain on the ground.

• The strain becomes so great that rocks give way by

The strain becomes so great that rocks give way by

• Earthquakes may occur naturally or as a result of

Earthquakes may occur naturally or as a result of

• The highest earthquake occurred in the history was

The highest earthquake occurred in the history was

in Valdivia ( known as Valdivia Earthquake)

in Valdivia (  known as Valdivia  Earthquake)

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Earthquakes have varied effects, including changes in

on human and animal life. Most of these effects occur on solid

ground, but, since most earthquake foci are actually located

under the ocean bottom, severe effects are often observed

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The World's Deadliest
Ea rthqua kes
Earthquakes since 1 900 which caused the rnost deaths*
Port-au-Prince (Haiti,
Haiyuan (China,
Tangshan (China,
Surnatra (Indonesia,
Kanto (Japan,
Messina (Italy,
Ashgabat (Turkrnenistan,
Sichuan (China,
Kashrnir (Pakistan,
Ancash (Peru,
201 0)
1 920)
1 976)
2004)
1 923)
1 908)
1 948)
2008)
2005)
1 970)
31 6, OOO
, 400
242, 800
227 , 900
142,800
1 23,000
1 10,ooo
87,600
87,400
70,000
* Figures are rounded. Sorne figures are estirnates and could vary.
As Of January 8, 2020
Sources: CJS Geological Survey, VVikipedia
statista

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•A hydrological disaster is a violent, 
sudden and destructive change 
either in the quality of Earth's water 
or in the distribution or movement of 
water on land below the surface or 
in the atmosphere.

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• In simple terms, flood can be defined as an overflow of

In simple terms, flood can be defined as an overflow of

large quantities of water onto a normally dry land.

Flooding happens in many ways due to overflow of

streams, rivers, lakes or oceans or as a result of excessive

• . ... Flooding also destroys crops and can wipe away
ram

rain. ... Flooding also destroys crops and can wipe away

trees and other important structures on land.

• Floods are measured by stream gauges that are installed in

bodies of water located near populated areas. ... If the water 
level rises dramatically in a specific area, the ALERT gauge 
sends the warning through a satellite to be analyzed 
immediately.
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• Massive Rainfall. Drainage systems and the effective

Massive Rainfall. Drainage systems and the effective

infrastructure design aid during heavy rains. ...

• Overflowing of the Rivers. The people living along the

Overflowing of the Rivers. The people living along the

river always have a risk of life from the overflowing of the

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• Fluvial floods (river floods) A fluvial, or river

Fluvial floods (river floods) A fluvial, or river

flood, occurs when the water level in a river, lake

surrounding banks, shores and neighboring land.

• Pluvial floods (flash floods and surface water) ...

Pluvial floods (flash floods and surface water) ...

biggest flood ever recorded on the Missouri

River and Upper Mississippi River, in North

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3,500
2,500
1,500
Irmo
of deaths and missing
—...—NO, Of injured
oooooouaooaooåfiååååao
Year

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• Climatic hazards are agents of disaster in terms

Climatic hazards are agents of disaster in terms

of what they may do to human settlements or to

cyclones, thunderstorms, tornadoes, drought,

rain, hail, snow, lightning, fog, wind, temperature

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They can occur in forests, grasslands, brush

and deserts, and with sufficient wind can

• . The most common causes of fires are

conditions, the eruption of volcanoes, and

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Wildfires occur when vegetated areas are set alight and are

particularly common during hot and dry periods. They can

occur in forests, grasslands, brush and deserts, and with

sufficient wind can rapidly spread. Unchecked, such fires

can cause devastation to forests and other areas of

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originally caused the disaster. Lightning may cause a

natural fire, but leaked gas or faulty mechanical

explosion blew manholes into the air and ignited

funnels of fire, which set homes on fire.

The 9 deadliest manmade disasters in the past 50 years

The Bhopal disaster of 1984 has been called the worst

The Gulf War oil spill in 1991 was the largest oil spill.

The Camp Fire of 2018 was California's deadliest

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human intent, negligence, or error involving

to natural disasters resulting from natural

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Meteorological disasters are caused by extreme

weather such as rain, drought, snow, extreme heat

or cold, ice, or wind. Violent, sudden and

damaging alteration in the atmosphere associated

with, created by, or touching the earth's

Examples of weather disasters embrace blizzard,

cyclones, droughts, hailstorms, heat waves,

hurricanes, floods (caused by rain) and tornadoes.

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yclones are caused by atmospheric disturbances

often destructive air circulation. Cyclones are usually

accompanied by violent storms and bad weather. The air

circulates inward in an anticlockwise direction in the

Northern hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern

uses the term 'Tropical Cyclone’ to cover weather

systems in which winds exceed ‘Gale Force’ (minimum of

34 knots or 63 kph). Tropical cyclones are the progeny of

ocean and atmosphere, powered by the heat from the sea;

and driven by easterly trades and temperate westerlies,

high planetary winds and their own fierce energy.

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The word Cyclone is derived from the Greek word

meaning the coils of a snake. It was coined

in the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea appear

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Disaster Management can be defined as the

organization and management of resources and

responsibilities for dealing with all humanitarian

aspects of emergencies, in particular preparedness,

response and recovery in order to lessen the impact

Disaster management efforts aim to reduce or avoid

the potential losses from hazards, assure prompt and

appropriate assistance to the victims of a disaster,

and achieve a rapid and effective recovery. It is

crucial that hospitals remain safe and functional

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For earthquakes there are many of the methods that

reduce the cause for earthquakes specially it can be

done by not making heavy buildings on a certain plain

because it increases the density of  weight on tectonic

Some of the major steps of flood disaster management

are : (1) Flood Forecasting 2. Reduction of Runoff 3.

(Constructing Dams and Detention Basins) 4. Reducing

Flood Levels 5. Protection against Inundation

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The disaster management for wild fires are we should do

reforestations as they are the cause of rain in forests as it

will also help in binding the soil which will reduce erosion

Our sprawling cities and consumption of fossil fuels also

have a direct impact on the environment. These activities

are also causing changes in global weather patterns,

leading to an increase in natural disasters like floods and

Much of the Amazon rainforest is being clear

way for cattle ranches. The removal of trees during

deforestation not only leads to global warming and

destroys animal habitats, but it also disrupts the water

cycle. Without trees to absorb rainwater, rainfall easily

causes flooding and soil erosion in these areas.
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Another issue with agriculture is crop rotation. In

crop rotation, farmers alternate which crops are

grown per season. Different plants need different

nutrients from the soil, so rotating crops ensures

depleted. So what happens if farmers don't rotate

crops? Nutrients needed for plant growth become

scarce in the soil, making it difficult to grow

anything. The lack of plants, like deforestation,

causes increased risk of flooding, soil erosion,

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prediction and warning systems can reduce the

disruptive impacts of a natural disaster on

Name â Vinay Tidke ,Std.â 9th Topic â Natural Disasters and Management.

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Name â Vinay Tidke ,Std.â 9th Topic â Natural Disasters and Management.