Definition and Kinds of Translation

Definition and Kinds of Translation. by Mutmainnah Marzuki,S.Pd.,M.Pd.

Abbreviations List. Bsu = Bahasa Sumber Bsa = Bahasa Sasaran FL = Foreign Language L1 = First Language L2 = Second Language NL = Native Language SL = Source Language TL = Target Language.

ST = Source Text TT = Target Text Sksu = Sosiokultural Sumber Sksa = Sosiokultural Sasaran Tsu = Teks Sumber Tsa = Teks Sasaran.

Definition of Translation. Nida (1969) “Translation consists of reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalence of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style” Catford (1978) “Translation is the replacement of textual material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language (TL)” Larson (1984) “Translation is transferring the meaning of the source language into the receptor language. This is done by going from the form of the first language to the form of a second language by way of semantic structure. It is meaning which is being transferred and must be held constant”.

Definition of Translation. Newmark (1988) “Translation is rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author intended the text” Steiner in Choliludin (2006) “Translation can be seen as (co) generation of texts under specific constraints that is relative stability of some situational factors and, therefore, register, and classically, change of language and (context of) culture”.

Kinds of Translation. 1. Dynamic Translation Ex: Tsu : The author has organized this book since 1995. Tsa1: Penulis telah mengorganisasi buku ini sejak 1995. menggunakan kata mengorganisasi) Tsa2: Penulis telah menyusun buku ini sejak 1995..

2. Pragmatic Translation Example: Tsu : Master Kids Shower Gel formulated with Triclosan, Aloe Vera Extract, D-Panthenol and Vitamin E to make your skin clean, fresh, soft, and stay healthy. Lather onto wet body, rinse well. Use under adult supervision. Store in a cool & dry place. No direct sunlight. Tsa : Sabun Mandi Master Kids yang diformulasikan dengan Triclosan, Ekstrak Aloe Vera, D-Panthenol dan Vitamin E. Kulitmu jadi bersih, harum, lembut, dan tetap sehat. Usapkan pada tubuh hingga berbusa, bilas hingga bersih. Ajarilah anak Anda untuk menggunakannya dengan benar. Simpan di tempat kering dan tidak terkena sinar matahari langsung..

3. Aesthetic-Poetic Translation Example: Tsu : Di luar salju terus. Hampir pagi. Tubuhmu terbit dari berahi. Angin menembus. Hilang lagi. Nafasmu membayang dalam dingin. Mencari. (Bagian dari sajak Gunawan Muhamad, berjudul Ranjang Pengantin Kopenhagen dalam Machali (2000:80)). Tsa : Outside snow falls. Almost morning. Your body shaped in sensual feeling. The wind pierces. And is clearing. Your breath a shadow in the cold. Searching. (Terjemahan Harry Aveling dalam Machali, 2000, 81)..

4. Ethnographic Translation Soemarno (1983) stated that the purpose of ethnographic translation is to explain the cultural contexts of SL and TL Example: delman, bemo, sarung, durian, dll.

5. Linguistic Translation Example: Surface structure 1). John is willing to help (as a doer) 2). John is difficult to help (as a patient) Deep Structure 1). John is willing to help someone 2). John is difficult for someone to help.