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Thermodynamics is the branch of physics that deals with the laws of transformation of heat into other forms of energy such as mechanical , chemical and electrical energy and vice versa .

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Heat and Temperature : Heat is the form of energy that flows from hot body to cold body due to difference in Temperature. Hotness and coldness of body is called Temperature. Temperature is the physical quantity that determines the direction of heat flow.

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Thermal  equailibrium : 	Bodies are at same temperature are said to be in thermal equilibrium with each other, the net exchange of heat between them is zero. It is called Zeroth law of thermodynamics.

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It is emphasized that the first law of thermodynamics express three related ideas in a single mathematician formula. The existence of internal energy The principle of conservation of energy The definition of heat as a energy transit

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The first law of thermodynamics is a generalization of the law of conservation of energy. The second law of thermodynamics tell us how heat energy can be converted into useful work. Two quoted statements are following .

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Lord Kelvin Statement : 	“It is impossible to construct a heat engine , operating continuously in a cycle , which takes heat from a heat source at high Temperature and performs an equivalent amount of work without rejecting any heat to a heat sink at low temperature.” In other words , Heat cannot be completely converted into useful work during a complete cycle.

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Rudolf Clausius Statement: 	“It is impossible to cause heat to flow from a cold body to a hot body without expenditure of work.”  The first law of thermodynamics tell us the equivalence of heat and work.

Thermodynamics

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