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In this video we will talk about Thermodynamic so lets start

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What is Thermodynamics T hermodynamics  in physics is a branch that deals with heat, work and temperature, and their relation to energy, radiation and physical properties of matter .   it explains how thermal energy is converted to or from other forms of energy and how matter is affected by this process. Thermal energy is the energy that comes from heat. This heat is generated by the movement of tiny particles within an object. The faster these particles move, the more heat is generated.

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Difference  Between Mechanics and   Thermodynamics In mechanics, we  solely concentrate on the motion of particles or bodies under the action of forces and torques. Thermodynamics, on the other hand, is not concerned with the motion of the system as a whole. It is only concerned with the internal macroscopic state of the body.

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Different Types of Thermodynamics Thermodynamics is classified into the following four branches: Classical Thermodynamics Statistical Thermodynamics Chemical Thermodynamics Equilibrium Thermodynamics

Bran esofThermodynamics
Classical thermodynamics is the description of the states of
thermodynamical systems at near-equilibrium, using
macroscopic, empirical properties directly measurable in the
laboratory. It is used to model exchanges of energy, work and
heat based on the laws of thermodynamics.
Statistical mechanics (or statistical thermodynamics) gives
thermodynamics a molecular interpretation. This field relates
the microscopic properties of individual atoms and molecules
to the macroscopic or bulk properties of materials that can be
observed in everyday life, thereby explaining thermodynamics
as a natural result of statistics and mechanics (classical and
quantum) at the microscopic level.
Chemical thermodynamics is the study of the interrelation of
energy with chemical reactions.
Biological thermodynamics is the study of energy
transformation in the biological systems.

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Classical  Thermodynamics In classical thermodynamics, the  behavior  of matter is analyzed with a macroscopic approach. Units such as temperature and pressure are taken into consideration which helps the individuals to calculate other properties and to predict the characteristics of the matter that is undergoing the process.

CLASSICAL THERMODYNAMICS
• It deals with describing the macroscopic transformation of energy from into another, mostly
the relation between heat and and its transformation to or from energy or work
• Classical describes the system macroscopically
• Like variables: temperature, pressure, volume and number of particles, by
observing how heat and temperature and its relation to the observed energy and work
measured for the system.
• It is from classical thermodynamics from where the four fundamental laws of
stem.

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Statistical  Thermodynamics In statistical thermodynamics, every molecule is under the spotlight i.e. the properties of each and every molecule and ways in which they interact are taken into consideration to characterize the  behavior  of a group of molecules.

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Chemical  Thermodynamics Chemical thermodynamics is the study of how work and heat relate to each other both in chemical reactions and in changes of states.

Chemical thermodynamics is a science of
transformations of energy:
heat into other
forms of energy, amount of heat gained or
released from a system, a spontaneity of a
reaction, Gibbs free energy function, relationship
between Gibbs Free Energy and chemical
equilibrium.
The object of the study is
thermodynamic system — the physical body
(matter) or a group of bodies (the set of
substances) that are in interaction, mentally or
really isolated from the environment
(surroundings)

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Equilibrium  Thermodynamics Equilibrium thermodynamics is the study of transformations of energy and matter as they approach the state of equilibrium .

Thermodynamic Equilibrium
Thermal equilibrium
is obtained when touching
objects within a system reach the same
temperature.
When thermal equilibrium is reached, the system
loses its ability to do work.
Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics:
If two systems
are separately found to be in thermal equilibrium
with a third system, the first two systems are in
thermal equilibrium with each other.
Object
Object
Object #1
(Thermometer)
Object
Object

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What is Thermodynamic System A thermodynamic system is a specific portion of matter with a definite boundary on which our attention is  focused.  The system boundary may be real or imaginary, fixed or deformable. There are three types of system as: Isolated System  – An isolated system cannot exchange both energy and mass with its surroundings. The universe is considered an isolated system. Closed System  – Across the boundary of the closed system, the transfer of energy takes place but the transfer of mass doesn’t take place. Refrigerator, compression of gas in the piston-cylinder assembly are examples of closed systems. Open System  – In an open system, the mass and energy both may be transferred between the system and surroundings. A steam turbine is an example of an open system.

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Thermodynamic Process A system undergoes a thermodynamic process when there is some energetic change within the system that is associated with changes in pressure, volume and internal energy. There are four types of thermodynamic process that have their unique properties, and they are: Adiabatic Process  – A process where no heat transfer into or out of the system occurs. Isochoric Process  – A process where no change in volume occurs and the system does no work. Isobaric Process  – A process in which no change in pressure occurs. Isothermal Process  – A process in which no change in temperature occur

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A thermodynamic cycle is a process or a combination of processes conducted such that the initial and final states of the system are the same. A thermodynamic cycle is also known as cyclic operation or cyclic processes.

Thermodynamics cycle
Carnot Cycle
1-2
2-3
3-4
4-1
Reversible Isothermal Expansion (Heat Addition)
Reversible Adiabatic expansion
Reversible Isothermal compression (Heat Rejection)
Reversible Adiabatic Compression
T,-TeT,
s

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The laws of thermodynamics define the fundamental physical quantities like energy, temperature and entropy that characterize thermodynamic systems at thermal equilibrium. These thermodynamic laws represent how these quantities behave under various  circumstances. There are Four Law of it that is- Zeroth  law of thermodynamics First law of thermodynamics Second law of thermodynamics Third law of thermodynamics

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The  Zeroth  law of thermodynamics states that if two bodies are individually in equilibrium with a separate third body, then the first two bodies are also in thermal equilibrium with each other.

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First law of thermodynamics, also known as the law of conservation of energy states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but it can be changed from one form to another.

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Second law of thermodynamics states that the entropy in an isolated system always increases. Any isolated system spontaneously evolves towards thermal equilibrium—the state of maximum entropy of the system.

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Third law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of a system approaches a constant value as the temperature approaches absolute zero.

Thermodynamic

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