Tablets. by Tapamoy Chakraborty. A tablet (also known as a pill ) is a pharmaceutical oral dosage form ( oral solid dosage , or OSD) or solid unit dosage form. Tablets may be defined as the solid unit dosage form of medicament or medicaments with suitable excipients. It comprises a mixture of active substances and excipients, usually in powder f orm, pressed or compacted from a powder into a solid dose.. 

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A   tablet   (also   known   as   a   pill )   is   a   pharmaceutical   oral   dosage   form   ( oral   solid   dosage ,   or   OSD)   or   solid   unit dosage   form.   Tablets   may   be   defined   as   the   solid   unit   dosage   form   of   medicament   or   medicaments   with suitable   excipients.   It   comprises   a   mixture   of   active   substances   and   excipients,   usually   in   powder   f orm,   pressed or   compacted   from   a   powder   into   a   solid   dose.

Tablets   are   prepared   either   by   molding   or   by   compression.   The   excipients   can   include   diluents,   binders   or granulating   agents,   glidants   (f low   aids)   and   lubricants   t o   ensure   efficient   tabletting;   disintegrants   to   promote   tablet break-up   in   the   digestive   tract;   sweeteners   or   flavours   to   enhance   taste;   and   pigments   to   make   the   tablets   visually attractive   or   aid   in   visual   identification   of   an   unknown   tablet.   A   polymer   coating   is   often   applied   to   make   the   tablet smoother   and   easier   to   swallow,   to   control   the   release   rate   of   the   active   ingredient,   to   make   it   more   resistant   to the   environment   (extending   its   shelf   life),   or   to   enhance   the   tablet's   appearance.   Medicinal   tablets   were   originally made   in   the   shape   of   a   disk   of   whatever   color   their   components   determined,   but   are   now   made   in   many   shapes and   colors   to   help   distinguish   different   medicines.   Tablets   are   often   stamped   with   symbols,   letters,   and   numbers, which   enable   them   to   be   identified.   Sizes   of   tablets   to   be   swallowed   range   from   a   few   millimetres   to   about   a centimetre.

The   compressed   tablet   is   the   most   popular   dosage   form   in   use   today.   About   two-thirds   of   all   prescriptions   are dispensed   as   solid   dosage   forms,   and   half   of   these   are   compressed   tablets.   A   tablet   can   be   formulated   to   deliver

administered   sublingually,   buccally,   rectally   or   intravaginally.   The   tablet   is   just   one   of   the   many   forms   that   an   oral drug   can   take   such   as   syrups,   elixirs,   suspensions,   and   emulsions.

The   compounds   and   size   fractions   were   used   in   the   studies:   sodium   chloride   (125-180   µm,   355-500   µm), sodium   bicarbonate   (raw   material,   45-63   µm,   125-180   µm),   calcium   carbonate   (raw   material),   mannitol   (250- 425   µm)   and   dibasic   calcium   phosphate   dihydrate   (DCP;   90-180   µm).   The   different   size   fractions   were obtained   by   dry   sieving   (Retsch,   Germany).   The   term   compound   is   used   throughout   this   thesis   for   materials that   are   not   used   as   binders.

The   binder   materials   were   used   in   the   studies:   polyethylene   glycol   (PEG)   3000,   PEG   6000,   PEG   10000,   PEG 20000,   microcrystalline   cellulose   (MCC),   silicified   microcrystalline   cellulose   (SMCC),   pregelatinised   starch (PGS),   polyvinylpyrrolidone   (PVP),   α-lactose   monohydrate   (crystalline   lactose),   partially   crystalline   lactose and   amorphous   lactose.

Crosslinked   carboxymethyl   cellulose   sodium   (Ac-Di-Sol)   was   used   as   superdisintegrant.   All   powders   were stored   at   40%   relative   humidity   (RH)   (saturated   chrome   trioxide   in   water)   (Nyqvist,   1983),   except   partially crystalline   and   amorphous   lactose,   which   were   stored   at   0%   RH   (phosphorus   pentoxide),   and   all   were   stored at   room   temperature   for   at   least   48   hours   before   characterisation,   mixing   and   compaction.

by   Tapamoy   Chakraborty   pHarmaVa   (google.com)