EE3007 – SMART GRID (Professional Elective – II)

[Audio] Good morning everyone. Today we will be discussing the Unit III of the EE3007 – Smart Grid Professional Elective – II course. This unit is focused on Smart Technologies which include Advanced Metering Infrastructure, Wide Area Monitoring Systems, Phasor Measurement Units, High Voltage Direct Current, Microgrids, and Flexible AC Transmission Systems. I am Dr. T A Ramesh Kumar, Associate Professor from the Department of EEE at GCE Srirangam, Trichy where this course is offered. I'm looking forward to an engaging and informative session. Let's get started!.

[Audio] Smart grid technology is transforming how energy is generated, stored and utilized. It encompasses intelligent networks, renewable energy sources, energy efficiency and energy storage to form a unified system, which can allow people, companies and governments to save money and minimize energy use. Smart grids utilize sensors and other technology to give customers and utilities real-time feedback on network performance, electricity consumption and use habits. This aids in the efficient regulation of electricity networks and responding to customer needs. Moreover, smart grids incorporate distributed energy resources like solar, wind, hydroelectric and geothermal power, which can reduce energy costs and improve grid reliability. As the world progresses towards a low-carbon future, smart grid technology is becoming increasingly essential. By utilizing the latest technologies, smart grids can reduce energy consumption, reduce pollutants and make energy more sustainable..

[Audio] Smart grids are a way of distributing energy that is growing in popularity. Their system is designed to better respond to changes in energy supply and demand, meaning they can automatically balance out the two and minimise energy waste. They provide real-time energy data and allow customers to better manage their usage. Smart grids often include renewable energy integrations, such as wind and solar farms, which can help couple higher renewable energy generation into the grid. This creates greater reliability, integrates renewable energy sources and ultimately creates a better energy future..

[Audio] Smart Grid Technologies are advanced systems and technologies applied to electrical transmission and distribution networks that enable features such as real-time data exchange, dynamic pricing, demand response, monitoring of grid stability, and improved integration of renewable energy sources. In this unit, we will focus on four key technologies: Advanced Metering Infrastructure, Wide Area Monitoring Systems, Phasor Measurement Units, and High Voltage Direct Current Transmission. Additionally, we will explore Microgrids, which are localized energy systems that can operate independently or in conjunction with the main grid, and are key to improving energy efficiency..

[Audio] Smart Grid technologies allow us to better control and stabilize AC transmission systems, store excess renewable energy, manage consumer energy consumption during peak demand, use predictive modelling to anticipate potential issues, and coordinate the control and integration of distributed energy resources. Additionally, cybersecurity measures are necessary to protect against cyber threats and ensure the privacy of sensitive information. These are some of the key technologies that make the grid more efficient and secure..

[Audio] Energy sector requires the adoption of smart technologies to achieve sustainability, reliability, and efficiency in line with the variability, intermittency and disruptions that come with renewable energy sources. Smart grids help real-time monitoring and controlling of energy flows that can help to manage energy demand, reduce peak demand and quickly respond to disruptions. Smart grids are necessary for a smarter, greener and more reliable grid..

[Audio] Smart grids are transforming the way we create and utilize energy. With the seamless integration of distributed energy sources like rooftop solar panels and small-scale wind turbines, smart grids offer advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) and data analytics to offer utilities real-time data to better determine resource allocation. The development of communication technologies, sensors, automation, and control systems also makes it more practical to apply cost-effective smart grid solutions. Furthermore, consumers now have more control over their energy consumption, leading to better energy conservation and more sustainable living. Smart grid technology has made renewable energy sources more readily available, helping to mitigate our environmental footprint..

[Audio] This slide is about the economic benefits of Smart Grids. Smart grid technologies can diminish operational costs, increase grid efficacy and maximize asset usage. Moreover, Smart Energy Resources which are known as Distributed Energy Resources, are spread over the grid and can be regulated and merged into the grid through sophisticated communication and automation systems. Examples of these resources are Renewable Energy Sources for example Solar Panels and Wind Turbines, and Energy Storage Systems such as Batteries and Pumped Hydro Storage..

[Audio] Renewable energy sources offer an alternative to the use of fossil fuels, which have limited and finite supplies. Solar, hydro, wind, geothermal, and biomass are becoming increasingly attractive renewable energy sources, as they have the potential to reduce environmental impact and enhance energy security. Polarpedia provides a comprehensive exploration into the renewable energy technologies, their capabilities, their applications, and their environmental effects..

[Audio] I'd like to discuss electric vehicles, demand response systems, combined heat and power systems, microgrids, and energy management systems in relation to our exploration of smart grid technologies. Electric vehicles and their associated charging infrastructure can be coordinated by smart grids to optimize utilization of renewable energy sources and reduce stress on the grid. Demand response systems use real-time communication between EMS and the grid to dynamically adjust loads, helping to alleviate peak demand and maintain grid stability. Combined Heat and Power systems combine a single energy source to produce electricity and heat; smart grids can coordinate their operation based on energy prices and demand patterns. Microgrids are localized energy systems capable of independent operation from the main grid, as well as greater integration of distributed energy resources. This provides opportunities for improved energy efficiency, resiliency, and local control. Finally, energy management systems allow consumers to monitor, manage and control their energy usage and production, while providing direct real-time communication with the grid..

[Audio] We will be discussing various smart technologies related to the smart grid. Advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) allows consumers and utilities to get energy usage data in real-time, letting consumers make better decisions regarding their energy consumption and utilities to optimize grid operations. Smart grids also let prosumers share excess energy in communities, creating a more decentralized and consumer-oriented energy system. Smart substations come with monitoring and control systems that let operators make decisions based on real-time data and check the condition of all equipment from one location. These are a few smart technologies related to the smart grid..

[Audio] Substation automation systems have become a vital part of Smart Grid solutions as they facilitate the communication and monitoring of the various components of the power grid, thereby enabling secure and reliable operation. Using distributed intelligence and communication standards, these substations allow operators to monitor and control the power grid in real time. Moreover, automation systems optimize the usage of energy resources while reducing energy wastage, minimize maintenance costs, and supply customers with better quality service..

[Audio] Good morning everyone. In this slide, we are going to look at the various Smart technologies used in a substation. We will focus on Intelligent Sensors and IEDs, the Digital Substation Architecture, Phasor Measurement Units, Intelligent Circuit Breakers and Switches, Transformer Health Monitoring, Cybersecurity Measures, Substation Automation System, and Advanced Communication Infrastructure. Intelligent Sensors and IEDs are used to monitor parameters like voltage and current, and collect data which is then sent to the control center. Digital substations use standardized communication protocols and Ethernet-based networks to transmit data, providing faster and more reliable communication. Phasor Measurement Units measure phase angle and magnitude of electrical quantities at different points to provide real-time data for monitoring and stability analysis. Smart circuit breakers and switches enable remote operation and monitoring for precise fault detection, isolation, and restoration. Transformer health Monitoring helps prevent failures and extend their lifespan by detecting temperature, oil level, and other parameters. Cybersecurity measures are essential for digital communication, and SAS integrates control, protection, and monitoring functions within the substation. Lastly, advanced communication infrastructure provides data exchange between devices within the substation and with external systems. Thank you..

[Audio] Smart substations play a major role in the formation of smart grids, enabling the integration of modern digital technologies. These technologies bring numerous advantages, such as increased dependability, efficiency and better asset management, as well as predictive maintenance. Furthermore, smart technologies also help reduce downtime, promote grid integration of new sources of energy and allow real-time visibility and supervision of energy distribution. Also, these innovations can be adjusted flexibly to suit future adaptations in energy requirements. As the energy industry progresses, smart substations will be indispensable, providing the fundamental support for the succeeding generations of more intelligent, efficient power grids..

[Audio] Substation automation is essential for modern power infrastructure to ensure grid stability and management, provide operators with remote monitoring and control, collect real-time data, and automate protection and control. It also enables data integration and analysis, integration of distributed energy resources, and an advanced communication infrastructure. All of this helps to optimize grid operation while improving reliability and safety..

[Audio] As part of our discussion on Smart Technologies, I'd like to talk about the architecture of Substation Automation System and how it enables intuitive control. This system is designed to supervise, control, and monitor the functioning of substations with the help of intelligent electronic devices. It also helps to detect faults and monitor power system performance. With the aid of advanced communication and automation technologies, the system is able to minimize the cost of operations and enhance reliability..

[Audio] Substation automation is essential for developing a smart grid and provides key benefits such as improved reliability, efficient maintenance, enhanced grid security, flexibility and adaptability, efficient resource utilization, and reduced outage duration. Automation increases the speed and accuracy of fault detection, isolation, and restoration, enabling improved overall grid reliability and reduced downtime. Predictive maintenance based on data analytics helps minimize operational costs while cybersecurity measures protect against cyber threats and unauthorized access. Automation also facilitates the integration of new technologies and devices as grid requirements evolve and supports the inclusion of emerging energy solutions. Automated control and management of equipment enable optimal resource utilization, and faster fault detection and restoration processes reduce the duration of power outages, improving customer satisfaction and minimizing economic losses. Substation automation plays an important role in achieving the goal of a true smart grid..

[Audio] We are discussing the smart grid and its substation automation architecture and technologies. The smart grid is an energy network that utilizes digital monitoring and communication technology to detect issues, respond to customer requests, and optimize the grid's performance. Substation automation technologies are utilized to monitor and control different devices within substations, and to provide a secure and reliable connection for the smart grid. These technologies may include sensors, communication networks, and software applications. Through these technologies, we can enhance the efficiency and dependability of substations, as well as reduce the cost and complexity of implementing the smart grid..

[Audio] Feeder Automation is an important part of smart grid technology which focuses on optimizing the operation and control of electrical distribution feeders in order to improve reliability, efficiency, and flexibility. It involves employing advanced automation, communication, and control systems. Key components and features of Feeder Automation include intelligent electronic devices (IEDs), sensors, and relays. These devices enable the real-time monitoring of parameters such as power flow, current, and voltage, giving system operators better visibility and control of the distribution feeders. Furthermore, Feeder Automation allows integrated sensing, communications, and control technologies to be included in distribution feeders for detecting, isolating, and responding to abnormal conditions in a timely manner, thus improving power delivery reliability. This overview should provide a better understanding of the role of Feeder Automation in a smart grid..

Higgins Reifen Sicherheit feeder automation Oma Moment so.

[Audio] Smart grid is bringing a transformation to electricity distribution. Feeder automation, which is a vital part of this transformation, enables load balancing by tracking load patterns and relocating power across the feeder, adjusting voltage levels to keep up optimal voltage levels, incorporating renewable energy sources and other DERs into the distribution grid and analyzing data from intelligent devices to detect patterns, forecast equipment malfunctions and plan maintenance. These are all achievable due to the progression of the smart grid..

[Audio] Smart grids are revolutionizing electricity generation, transmission, and distribution. The energy management system plays a critical role in managing and optimizing the transmission system's performance. Real-time monitoring and data integration give an overall picture of the grid's system performance, while situational awareness and visualization aid operators in recognizing potential issues and reacting to abnormal events. In the end, these smart technologies improve customer satisfaction with improved reliability and shorter restoration times..

[Audio] Smart Grids are becoming increasingly vital in Energy Management Systems for their ability to enable more efficient energy usage, reduce costs, and maximize profits. This text is about exploring the main trends, significance, opportunities, and challenges of using Smart Grids in the current environment. It will provide an overview of how Smart Grids are affecting industry players and the future of energy management systems, along with a comprehensive assessment of the current landscape and potential for improvement..

[Audio] Grid operations require increasingly sophisticated tools to optimize performance and ensure grid stability. Smart grid EMS software utilizes advanced algorithms and communication technologies to optimize grid operations, manage voltage levels, minimize transmission losses, forecast and manage load, incorporate renewable energy sources, and provide ancillary services. With these functions, smart grid EMS systems are able to balance supply and demand, avert congestion and overloads, and quickly restore power in the event of an outage through the ‘smart islanding’ technique..

[Audio] As part of the Smart Grid system, Wide Area Monitoring Systems (WAMS) are essential for improving the operation, stability, and reliability of the transmission system. This is attained by installing Phasor Measurement Units (PMU) at numerous transmission network points, then collecting measurements of voltage and current phasors at high sampling rates. This temperature-aligned data gives grid operators the ability to make accurate decisions which can ultimately help in avoiding and suppressing disturbances..

[Audio] Good afternoon. PMUs or Phasor Measurement Units are smart technologies used in transmission systems for the monitoring, visualizing, and analysis of grid dynamics. They provide real-time data acquisition to enable operators to understand the grid's behavior and identify any abnormal conditions. PMUs can detect and analyze power system oscillations, disturbances, and events, allowing operators to respond quickly and effectively to restore grid stability. They can also be used to assess grid stability and identify potential vulnerabilities. That’s it for this slide. Thank you..

[Audio] The Wide Area Monitoring System based on the third generation Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) is used for event identification, enabling the remote monitoring of different parameters of a Smart Grid. Utilizing the powerful communications capabilities of the UMTS, data can be transmitted and received over long distances, giving an immediate and accurate assessment of the Smart Grid. This system has the ability to quickly detect issues such as voltage spikes, line breaks, and other malfunctions, allowing for effective and timely responses..

[Audio] Smart grids are revolutionizing the way energy is transmitted globally. Advanced technology integrated into a smart grid's transmission system enable grid operators to make informed decisions and ensure reliable and efficient power transmission. WAMS, or Wide Area Monitoring Systems, enhances the grid's situational awareness by providing real-time insights into its behavior. This helps operators detect conditions that could potentially cause a system-wide collapse, allowing timely interventions to maintain grid stability. Protection and control systems are also essential components of smart grids, as they detect and respond to faults, abnormalities, and disturbances. Through advanced technologies and real-time data, these systems are further enhanced and optimized..

[Audio] Protection and Control are essential elements for any Smart Grid. GE Grid Solutions offers the latest Smart Grid technologies for transmission networks, optimising security, reliability, and performance. These cutting-edge solutions can protect transmission lines from damage, power outages, and provide customers with a firm and secure environment. This state-of-the-art technology is vital for the guaranteed and safe functioning of an electrical grid in the future..

[Audio] Without greetings, without beginning with Today, and without thanks: Students, we will be discussing Smart Grid Technologies used in Transmission. Adaptive Protection systems employ real-time data to adjust protection settings based on varying operating conditions. This inhibits irrelevant trip-offs during transient events while securing grid stability. Wide Area Protection leverages synchronized measurements from PMUs along the transmission network to distinguish wide-area disturbances and prompt organized protection procedures. Grid Restoration and Self-healing are applied to reconfigure the grid to revive service and cut back outage durations. Voltage and Frequency Regulation help preserve steady voltage and frequency levels in the transmission system. Remedial Action Schemes are robotic protection and control strategies that take remedial steps to ward off grid instability. Cybersecurity Measures are also employed to preempt cyber attacks that could put grid operations at risk. Phasor-Based Protection uses synchronized measurements to make more precise actions during disturbances and faults. Remote Control and Monitoring are also part of Smart Grid Technologies. This concludes the lesson for today..

[Audio] The transmission system of a smart grid requires Protection and Control Systems in order to exchange data and coordinate actions that can enhance overall grid operation and stability. In cases of severe events, these systems can also initiate adaptive load shedding to shed non-critical loads and maintain system stability. Furthermore, this system can also be used to simulate the impact of various contingency scenarios and develop strategies to prevent large-scale disruptions. This technology is essential for ensuring the security, reliability and efficient operation of power networks..

[Audio] I hope this presentation on smart grid and its related technologies has been useful and that you have gained knowledge on smart grid and its associated technologies. You are now familiar with the smart grid and its related technologies. As the presentation comes to an end, I would like to thank you for your attention and participation in this presentation..