KINGDOM OF CAMBODIA NATION RELIGION KING

[Virtual Presenter] Kingdom Of Cambodia Nation Religion King 2025 Subject Matter Expert Exchange (Aviation centric safety) MAY 05-09, 2025 Tamuning, Guam Lt.col. Chhen Sopanhakimheng Greeting sir, ladys and gentlemens First of all, I would like to pay my respect to…...and to all the Headquarters Pacific AirForce (HQ pacaf) officers. I am Lt.col. Chhen Sophanakimheng of the Cambodia Air Force, I am the instructor pilot of the Z9 helicopter Squadron. Please allow me to presented a short presentation about the S-M-E-E..

[Audio] Where are we? Continent : Asia Region : southeast Asia Total : 181035 kilometers² Land : 97.50 % Water : 2.50 % Highest Point : Phnom Aural (1813m) Longest River : Mekong River(500 kilometers) Largest lake : Tonle Sap (16000 kilometers² Come to the first slide this is where we are. As you know that Cambodia is located in southeast asia. The state leader is the king and the head of government is the prime minister. Next please.

[Audio] Angkor Wat Temple Here is a picture of our Angkor wat temple or the international name it the floating temple. Which represent our nation our people and is on our national flag. To the next one….

[Audio] Royal Cambodian Air Force Structure COMMANDER & deputy COMMANDER Operation Commissioner CHIEF OF STAFF Training & Propaganda Commissioner Logistic Commissioner Technical Commissioner Personal Office Inspection Cabinet Finance Office Here is a short brief of the R-C-A-F structure. Actually we don’t have the flight safety department. But the training commissioner who is responsible for this job. OK next.

[Audio] Crew Resource Management Crew source management Purpose : Understand attitudes and skills that allow each crewmember to participate as a part of the team. Properly trained aircrew members can collectively perform complex tasks better and makes more accurate decisions than the individual performer on the team. Crew management Goals Group dynamics Workload Management Improved Communication Situational Awareness Crew coordination Goal Crew source management Purpose : Understand attitudes and skills that allow each crewmember to participate as a part of the team. Properly trained aircrew members can collectively perform complex tasks better and make more accurate decisions than the single best performer on the team. Crew management Goals Maximize human performance Understand group dynamics Assess, mitigate and mange risk Manage workload to avoid task saturation or complacency. Improve communication inside and outside flight deck. Maintain situational awareness. Group Dynamics Type of authority / Leadership Styles. Assertiveness Hazardous attitudes : Anti authority Impulsiveness Invulnerability Macho Resignation Get there It us Workload Management Little things can make a difference Help the pilot manage charts, checklists, et cetera manage the C-A-P radio. Improved Communication Entire Crew should participate in briefings and debriefings. Otherwise the pilot should thoroughly brief the team. Don’t be afraid to ask relevant questions. Situational Awareness Don’t fixate, project ahead and consider contingencies. Rotate attention between the crew, the plane (current situation) and the path ahead. Crew coordination Understanding and execute your assignment. Communicate Question Goal Successful mission hinge on each and every crewmembers. Learn how to use the procedures and tools available and use them correctly. Never stop learning..

[Audio] Bird/Wildlife strike prevention Bird strikes can be extremely costly and dangerous, so it’s important to take preventative measures in order to reduce bird strike risk. It is best to develop an integrated bird strike management plan using all available tools. Establish bird/wildlife strike committee Establish Wildlife Hazard Management Program (W-H-M-P-) Manage Native Habitats Report Wildlife and Bird strikes Establish bird/wildlife strike committee : the establishment of the national wildlife committee or forum will promote wildlife hazard management awareness and allow for the exchange of : Actual wildlife hazard management experiences New techniques and equipment Information about hazardous wildlife biology, behaviors, population trends, wildlife attraction points. Information and training standard or emerging technologies. 2. WHMP : A wildlife safety risk assessment shall be conducted, covering the aerodrome and its vicinity. The W-H-M-P shall include procedures and measures for reducing the wildlife risk at the aerodrome to an acceptable level. ➢ a Coordinator who shall oversee the daily activities, analyse the collected data and carry out risk assessments in order to develop and implement the Wildlife Hazard Management Program ➢ trained and competent staff who shall detect and record the presence of wildlife and assess the wildlife hazard and expel and/or deter hazardous wildlife ➢ The aerodrome operator shall establish procedures to record and report wildlife strikes that have occurred at the aerodrome and its vicinity, in close cooperation with all relevant organizations operating at the aerodrome; ➢ Aerodrome operators shall conduct a specific safety risk assessment of the wildlife situation and use the results to help target wildlife management measures and monitor their effectiveness ➢ Safety risk assessments shall be updated and repeated at regular intervals, commensurate with assessed risks; Manage Native Habitats : Airport staff should prioritize managing local bird habitats to encourage bird populations to stay away Redirecting bird populations to inhabit areas away from airports with bird feeders and nesting boxes may reduce the risk of bird strikes. Report Wildlife and Bird Strikes : When bird strikes occur, pilots and airport personnel should report bird strikes to the National Wildlife Strike Database. This helps keep bird strike records up to date, enabling officials to better monitor bird populations near airports and other hazardous areas to better recommend and implement preventative measures. Why Aircraft Bird Strike Reporting Matters : Bird strike reporting is essential to understanding bird behavior, bird populations, and bird strike risk. By tracking bird strikes over time, officials can better understand the size of bird populations around airports and other hazardous areas and make recommendations for bird strike prevention methods. Keeping accurate records of these incidents helps keep aircrafts safe from bird ingestion and other damage resulting from bird aircraft strike hazards..

[Audio] Human Factors Issues S (Software) : procedures, training, support H (Hardware) : Aircraft, Machine, Tools, Equipment. E (Environment) : organizational, physical, political, economic. L (Liveware) : teamwork, communication, leadership and norms. Liveware (People) : Knowledge, attitude and culture According to S-H-E-L-L Model, a mismatch between the Liveware and the others four element can contribute to human errors, hazards, threats, unsafe situations and laten conditions. These interactions must be assessed and considered in all sectors of the aviation systems. In human factor the Shell model is the key factors in aviation. There are five element is human factors, Software, Hardware, Environment, Liveware and liveware(people)..

[Audio] Common Human Factors in Aviation: Lack of communication: Poor communication between crew members, A-T-C--, and ground crew. Complacency: Overconfidence and routine violations due to familiarity. Stress: Workload pressure, time constraints, personal issues. Fatigue: Lack of sleep, circadian rhythm disruption. Distraction: Internal or external distractions breaking focus. Lack of knowledge: Inadequate training or outdated procedures. Lack of teamwork: Poor coordination and decision making within the crew. Pressure: External pressures to meet schedules or deadlines. Lack of assertiveness: Failure to speak up about concerns. Norms: Unhealthy workplace culture that discourages error reporting..

[Audio] Prevention Strategies: Training and Education: Comprehensive C-R-M training focusing on effective communication, leadership, and decision making. Fatigue management training, including sleep hygiene practices and scheduling strategies. Situational awareness training to identify potential hazards and mitigate risks. Regular recurrent training to maintain proficiency and update procedures. Workplace Design and Ergonomics: Optimize cockpit layout and controls for user friendly interaction Implement ergonomic design principles to minimize physical strain Proper lighting and noise management We have implemented these prevention strategies into the Cambodia AirForce flight system so that we could operated with safety and efficiency ..

[Audio] Prevention Strategies: Safety Culture Promotion: Encourage open and honest error reporting without fear of repercussions Foster a culture of “Reporting Culture” where systemic issues are addressed Leadership commitment to safety as a top priority Technology and Automation: Utilize advanced automation systems to reduce workload and support decision making. Design automation with appropriate human machine interfaces..

[Audio] Hazard and Risk Management The evolution of safety thinking Technical Era Human Factors Era Organizational Era Total System Era Future 1950s 1970s 1990s 2000s 2010s According to the evolution of safety thinking charts as u can see from the year 1950 seconds to the years 2010 seconds the issue with safety is evolving accordingly to three factors and fast forward to the present and the future u can see that we are facing a total system era..

[Audio] A concept of accident causation Latent conditions trajectory Technology Training Regulations Defences Errors and violations People Accident Working conditions Workplace Organization Management decisions and organizational processes Source: James Reason.

[Audio] The organizational accident Organizational processes Latent conditions Workplace conditions Defences Active failures Organizational processes Activities over which any organization has a reasonable degree of direct control Policy making Planning Communication Allocation of resources Supervision ....

[Audio] Organizational processes Latent conditions Workplace conditions Defences Active failures Organizational processes Latent conditions Workplace conditions Defences Active failures Improve Identify Monitor Contain Reinforce.

[Audio] Thank You. THANK YOU.