DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF RFID RED LIGHT VIOLATION DETECTION WITH MESSAGING

DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF RFID RED LIGHT VIOLATION DETECTION WITH MESSAGING.

BACKGROUND OF RESEARCH. Vehicular transportation in country has grown with the increase in economic activities and ever-increasing vehicle ownership levels. This demand has increased on the grounds of the urban sprawl, with the evolving services sector, unreliable public transport system and then also Ghanaian mentality which places high esteem on vehicle ownership seeing it as a status symbol (often common to hear people boast about the fact that they own five expensive cars). This has only led to an influx of cars and trucks on our roads and has become a fact of life for Ghanaians. But our reliance on these does not mean we should overlook the cost it comes with. Several have lost their lives and others have sustained deforming injuries that have only been nightmare to them for patronizing the system..

BACKGROUND OF RESEARCH con’t. Road accidents have been on a rapid increase in recent years. These have partly been blamed on the increase of vehicles on our roads with motorist not observing road regulations since we still have unqualified motorist. There have been various initiatives by regulating bodies to curb the situation but that notwithstanding behaviors of road users have been very bad a lot more times. We see on our streets various age groups misbehaving with especially commercial drivers paying very little attention to traffic regulations..

BACKGROUND OF RESEARCH cont.. In 2016, the nation had up to about 2,198 individuals losing their lives to road accidents as mentioned by the Commander of the Motor Transport and Traffic Department (MTTD) of the Ghana Police Service, ACP Patrick Adusei Sarpong reveals [2]. This was an increase from 1634 occurring in the previous year making up to about 35%. For Road Safety Improvement Projects in the country, we have seen improvement Towing, Spot Fine and Speed Camera projects, while the National Road Safety Commission has also finalized contractual issues regarding the implementation of the Towing project to be fully operationalized before the end of the first quarter of 2017..

BACKGROUND OF RESEARCH cont.. The Speed Camera as wells as the Red-Light Enforcement project, the Public-Private Partnership Approval Committee has given consent for the pilot implementation of the project with Nationwide Traffic Management and Enforcement Limited, of which modalities were currently being developed for the smooth implementation of the pilot in the first quarter of 2017 [2]. As it stands now there are quite several street traffic lights in the country that have the speed cameras installed on the them, but we still do not have the implementation of the pilot project. Recent discussions by stake holders to approve and pass a bill on towing such that all vehicle owners pay a levy into a pool so that should the need be, regulators and enforcement companies tow damaged or faulty vehicles parked along our roads received a lot condemnation from the public..

PROBLEM STATEMENT. The reoccurring issue of various drivers not adhering to road safety regulation as well as acts to make our roads safer have proved futile since regulating authorities have shown very little effort in enforcing these regulations hence the need for more robust and efficient system that can help bring down the menace in the country..

PROBLEM STATEMENT cont.. The National Road Safety Commission, primarily collects data on road accidents in the nations. These data are put together and inferences are made from them to help in the sensitization of the effects of unsafe behaviors on our roads. Categorization of these crash reports are mainly under one of these; 1. Road Traffic Crash and Casualty Situation 2. Distribution of Fatalities by Road User Class 3. Month, Day and Hour of Casualty Incidence 4. Regional Distribution of Fatal and Non- Fatal Crashes 5. Regional Distribution of Fatalities 6. Distribution of Traffic Crashes by Type of Vehicle 7. Distribution of Fatalities by Sex and Age.

PROBLEM STATEMENT cont.. Under these categories, the last report shared by the NRSC was for the 2016 calendar which saw an increase of 15.6% and 6.77% in fatalities and serious injuries respectively but a reduction of 11.7% in crashes over the 2015 figures. For the third time running, the Traffic System Risk (TSR) index also hit the single digit mark of 9.24 fatalities per 10,000 vehicles [5]..

AIM. To develop and implement a device that can automatically detect red light running at traffic lights and then billing..

OBJECTIVES. This project seeks to research into the development, design and building of an automated system to control road safety regulations violation. This system will aid the regulation bodies. This project is intended to help curb the activities of road users who run red lights . It will also be a revenue generation avenue where government can make some income directly from offenders and prevent the habit of police officers who personally take monies from offenders..

SUMMARY METHODOLOGY. This project has been structured into five chapters. Chapter 1 gives an introduction on the issue to be solved. It continues with details on the problem and the method to be used solving the issue as well as giving the benefits with which the project will present. Chapter 2 discusses the literature reviews of the project. This includes the related works and the literature of the components for the realization of this project. Chapter 3 discusses the methods for detection, the proposed project schematic diagram and materials needed to construct this project. Chapter 4 discusses the results and outcomes from the analysis from simulations and actual operations after a dummy of the project is constructed. Chapter 5 discusses the conclusion and recommendation..

PROJECT TIMELINE. ITEM TASK NAME APRIL WEEK MAY WEEK JUNE WEEK JULY WEEK 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 1 Identify Project topic 2 Submission of Topic 3 Submission of Proposal 4 Await board approval 5 Prepare chapter 1 6 Prepare chapter 2 7 Design System 8 Gather needed materials 9 Prepare Chapter 3 10 Prepare Chapter 4 11 Build prototype 12 Prepare Chapter 5 13 Finalize Prototype 14 Test run and fine tune prototype.

LITERATURE REVIEW. A road traffic ticket is an official document from a law enforcement official to a motorist or road users, indicating that the user has violated traffic laws. Traffic tickets generally come in two forms which includes: i . Citing a moving violation, like as exceeding the speed limit and ii. A non-moving violation, which are referred to as a parking citation In some regions or areas, a traffic ticket only constitutes a notice that a penalty, such as a fine or deduction of points, has been or will be slammed against the driver or owner of a vehicle and failure to pay the fine leads to prosecution or to civil recovery proceedings for the fine. In regions or countries, the ticket constitutes only a citation and a summons for the violator to appear at traffic court, with a determination of guilt to be made only in court which is similar in Ghana..

The National Road Safety Commission. In Ghana, the National Road Safety Commission (NRSC) is the body mandated by law to play the leading role of Championing, promoting and coordinating road safety campaigns in the country. This body was enacted by an act of Parliament, (NRSC Act 567 of 1999) to plan, develop and promote road safety and to coordinate policies related to road safety..

LITERATURE REVIEW cont.. The National Road Safety Commission.

LITERATURE REVIEW cont.. The Road Act. In Ghana, generally, the Ministries and Departments under the executive arm are not covered by an Act of Parliament. They were rather established by Instrument of the Executive Arm of Government. The Ministry of Roads and Highways, the Department of Urban Roads and the Department of Feeder Roads are not covered by an Act of Parliament [8]. The Ministry of Roads and Highways however operates currently with five different departments/agencies under it, namely: i . Ghana Highways Authority (GHA) ii. Department of Feeder Roads (DFR) iii. Department of Urban Roads (DUR) iv. Ghana Road Fund (GRF), and v. Koforidua Training Centre (KTC).

LITERATURE REVIEW cont.. Automatic Traffic Violation.

LITERATURE REVIEW cont.. Violation Detection. The focus of this project will be to focus on improving the detection of traffic light violations in the country. This will be achieved by setting up a prototype which will detect RFID smart cards that will always be attached to individual vehicles. The cards which will be issued at the DVLA to both new and existing vehicle owners will hold vehicle as well as owner information for billing processes. Once there is a violation, an installed RFID card reader will be actuated to pick the smart card details. This information on the card will then be sent to a data processing unit which in this project will be an Arduino board with an ATmega328 Microcontroller IC as its processing unit..

REFERENCES. [1] "Welcome to Road Safety Management Ltd.", Roadsafetyservices.org. [Online]. Available: http://www.roadsafetyservices.org/. [Accessed: 20- Aug- 2019]. [2] Road Traffic Crash Statistics - 2016. Accra: National Road Safety Commission, 2017, pp. 1-10. [3] "Over 2k road accidents recorded so far in 2017", Ghanaweb.com, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Over-2k-road-accidents-recordedso-far-in-2017-524908. [Accessed 11 Aug. 2018]. [4] "Sample Ticket Information", New York DMV. [Online]. Available: https://dmv.ny.gov/tickets/sample-ticket-information. [Accessed: 20- Aug- 2018]. [4] "Fatality Rate in Road Accident | Home Road Safety | Welcome to Road Safety Management Ltd.", Roadsafetyservices.org, 2018. [Online]. Available: http://roadsafetyservices.org/pages15e2.html?p=22-home-road-safety&cat=45-fatality-rate-inroad-accident-in-ghana. [Accessed 11 Aug. 2018]..

REFERENCES con’t. [ 5] "Road Traffic Act 2004: Making roads safer for all", Ghanaweb.com, 2016. [Online]. Available: https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/features/artikel.php?ID=91779. [Accessed 11 Aug. 2018] [6] Rhodes S, “A qualitative approach to accident. Contributory traffic law violations”, Aix- enProvence : CETE Mediterranean. Rothengatter , T. 1991 [7] "Multifunctional Automated Traffic Enforcement System (Mates) Strelka ", Ipc2u.com. [Online]. Available: https://ipc2u.com/solution/solutions/transport/multifunctional-automatedtraffic-enforcement-system-strelka/. [Accessed: 20- Aug- 2018]. [8]"Campaigns & Projects", York.ca. [Online]. Available: https://www.york.ca/wps/portal/yorkhome/newsroom/CampaignsProjects/technologyattrafficsignals /! ut /p/a0/04_Sj9CPykssy0xPLMnMz0vMAfGjzOINLE1NPCyDDbwM_C1dDBw9_QN9XM29DIP NTPQLsh0VAbXsnIk !/#.XOJbzMj7TIU. [Accessed: 20- Aug- 2018]..