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[Virtual Presenter] Good afternoon everyone! Today, we will be discussing the ways in which obligation, prohibition, and suggestion are expressed in the Indonesian language. We will be exploring various examples of how these expressions are used both in the present and in the past. Let's get started!.
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[Audio] Obligation, or kewajiban in Indonesia, is becoming increasingly important to comprehend as the pandemic lingers. It is referring to something that one is obligated or compelled to do. As an illustration, when the traffic light turns red, it is a must to stop; wearing a face mask in public places is compulsory; and homework must be completed before playing football. All of us have to take responsibility for satisfying our obligations, which is a fundamental step to protect ourselves, our societies, and our future..
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[Audio] Our past can be a powerful influence on our decision making and it can be seen in the way we express obligation. Looking back, it was common to express obligation using phrases such as 'had to', 'required to', 'needed to', and 'obligated to'. By understanding how these terms were used in the past, we can learn from our experiences and use that knowledge to make better decisions in the future. This knowledge can help us to work together to ensure that our obligations are met, and that the outcomes we create are beneficial for all concerned..