Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

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Little break down. Arteries are narrowed or even blocked. Normal blood flow: Easy. Damaged arteries: highly restricted Reduces blood flow and oxygen.

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Physiological Breakdown. A picture containing engineering drawing Description automatically generated.

Physiological Breakdown. Lined with smooth muscle tissue, Tunicas , Endothelium, and Membrane Cholesterol and fatty deposits are packed into “parcels” (protein, fats, lipids, etc.,) LDLS =Low-density lipoprotein=“Bad Cholesterol” HDLS= High-density lipoprotein= “Good Cholesterol” Lipids are hydrophobic  do not dissolve in water, or BLOOD.

Artery walls have barriers. Basement Membranes: water permeable BIG molecules CANNOT pass through artery walls. Lipoproteins are BIG molecules HDL CAN penetrate artery wall due to its small size.

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Symptoms. Fatigue, dizziness, chest pain (angina), weakness, light-headedness, nausea, pain or discomfort in arms or shoulders, SOB, Irregular heart beat Leaving untreated can lead to a heart attack, stroke, or even death..

[Audio] . Symptoms cont’d... Does everyone experience the same symptoms? No. Women : Sleep difficulty, indigestion, anxiety Onset Age : Average age is 65 yoa 4%-10% before 45 yoa in males CAD symptoms can start early! Diet and lifestyle influenced. Age is a factor, but it also depends..

Prevention is key!.

Treatment. Medications: ACE Inhibitors, Anti-platelets, Beta-blockers, etc., Severe CAD: Coronary Artery bypass surgery, PCI, Angioplasty w/ stent Healthy Lifestyle changes  Exercise, healthy diet, Limit alcohol intake and smoking.

[Audio] . Treatment cont’d. NO CURE. Only treatable Lifespan: Women: Age 50--> 7.9 years with Disease Men: 6.7 years with disease With heart attacks, 16 years of your life can be lost https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000659.

Pros and Cons. Medication Pros : Helps manage high cholesterol, BP, Return to daily routine, Immediate Cons : Side effects, bleeding, Stroke, $$$, etc. Lifestyle Adjustments Pros: Helps manage high cholesterol, BP, Increased exercise, Mood enhancement, Weight loss, Cons: $$$, Side effects, Slow.

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Informal Interview. Question #1 : How long can someone live with the condition for? People can live a along time with Medical Management. Patients with CAD would need to be on a statin and aspirin (anti-platelets). They can live a full life after a heart attack, but major life-style changes need to be taken. Question #2 : What is it like to live with CAD? It depends on how far along the disease process is, but it will eventually lead to a heart attack. If the disease has gotten bad, patients can have shortness of breath and tachycardia. When the artery walls are blocked, this will prevent oxygen from going to the brain. This can cause the patient to have an MI. Question #3 : Are there any differences in medication when it comes to a difference in age? First, the only difference in medication to take into consideration is the elderly. Second would be renal disease Interviewee: Terry Knowles, RN ICU.

[Audio] I know she probably won't see this presentation, but HUGE thank you to ICU Registered Nurse Terry Knowles for taking some time out of her busy schedule and agreeing to my interview with me. She really helped me through this presentation by providing me insight and guidance. So thank you to Nurse Terry!.

Works Cited 1. Singh, Ram, et al. “New Technologies for Treatment of Coronary ... - Biomedres.us .” New Technologies for Treatment of Coronary Artery Disease , Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research, 23 Jan. 2019, biomedres.us /pdfs/BJSTR.MS.ID.002411.pdf. “Coronary Artery Disease.” Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada , Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada, www.heartandstroke.ca /heart-disease/conditions/coronary-artery-disease. Ades, Philip A, and Patrick D Savage. “Obesity in Coronary Heart Disease: An Unaddressed Behavioral Risk Factor.” Preventive Medicine , U.S. National Library of Medicine, Nov. 2017, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov / pmc /articles/PMC5640469/. Ades, Phillip, and Patrick Savage. “Coronary Artery Disease Genetics Enlightened by Genome-Wide Association Studies:” JACC , 1 July 2021, www.jacc.org / doi /10.1016/j.jacbts.2021.04.001. Michos , Erin D., and Andrew D. Choi. “Coronary Artery Disease in Young Adults: A Hard Lesson but a Good Teacher∗.” Journal of the American College of Cardiology , 1 Oct. 2019, www.jacc.org / doi /10.1016/j.jacc.2019.08.1023. “Coronary Artery Disease | CAD.” MedlinePlus , U.S. National Library of Medicine, 29 Mar. 2022, medlineplus.gov / coronaryarterydisease.html ..

Works Cited 2. “Premature Heart Disease - Harvard Health Publishing.” Harvard Health , 15 Dec. 2019, www.health.harvard.edu /heart-health/premature-heart-disease. Staff, Familydoctor.org Editorial. “Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) - Symptoms and Causes.” Familydoctor.org , 27 July 2021, familydoctor.org /condition/coronary-artery-disease-cad/. Story, Colleen M. “The History of Heart Disease: From Egyptian Mummies to the Present.” Healthline , Healthline Media, 21 Sept. 2018, www.healthline.com /health/heart-disease/ history#ancient-history . Laslett , Lawrence J., et al. “The Worldwide Environment of Cardiovascular Disease: Prevalence, Diagnosis, Therapy, and Policy Issues: A Report from the American College of Cardiology.” Journal of the American College of Cardiology , Elsevier, 17 Dec. 2012, www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0735109712053715 . Seladi -Schulman, Jill. “Heart Attack vs. Heart Failure: What Are the Differences?” Healthline , Healthline Media, 14 May 2021, www.healthline.com /health/heart/ heart-attack-vs-heart-failure#key-differences . “Heart Disease Facts.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 7 Feb. 2022, www.cdc.gov / heartdisease / facts.htm ..

Works Cited 3. Health, Narayana. “Coronary Artery Disease: Life Expectancy and Prognosis.” Narayana Health Care , 27 July 2020, www.narayanahealth.org /blog/coronary-artery-disease-life-expectancy-and-prognosis/. “ Hearthub.ca .” HeartHub.ca , hearthub.ca /pros-cons/. Hajar, Rachel. “Coronary Heart Disease: From Mummies to 21St Century.” Heart Views : the Official Journal of the Gulf Heart Association , Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd, 2017, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov / pmc /articles/PMC5501035/..

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