Mid-term presentation

Mid-term presentation. Student ID : L20222610113 Student name : Othmane Abdelkrim Chinese name : 奥森 Major : Computer science.

The Berbers of Morocco. A picture containing person posing crowd Description automatically generated.

Plan. Morocco population The berbers introduction Origins of berber Berber languages Berber Art and Culture.

Morocco population. Moroccans are primarily of Arab and Berber origin as in other neighbouring countries in the Maghreb region. Arabs make up 44% of the population of Morocco, while Arabized Berbers make up 24%, Berbers make up 21%, the Baydhan make up 10%, and others make up 1%..

The Berbers. The name Berber is a variation of the Latin original word "Barbarian", earlier in history applied by the Romans specifically to their northern hostile neighbors from Germania. The Barbary coast, on the coast of northwest Africa was named after the Berbers because they and Arabs pirated ships going to the Mediterranean Sea. The Berbers call themselves "Imazighen", meaning the free. Berbers are non-Arabic tribes that are often referred to as Arab-Islamic. Over the last several hundred years many Berber peoples have converted to Islam..

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Berber languages : ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ. The Berber languages , also known as the Amazigh languages ( Berber name: Tamazight : ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, Tuareg Tifinagh: ⵜⵎⵣⵗⵜ), are a branch of the Afroasiatic language family . They comprise a group of closely related languages spoken by Imazighen communities (singular: Amazigh), who are indigenous to North Africa. The languages were traditionally written with the ancient Libyco -Berber script, which now exists in the form of Tifinagh..

Berber languages : ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ. The Berber languages and dialects have had a written tradition, on and off, for about 2,500 years, although the tradition has been frequently disrupted by cultural shifts and invasions. They were first written in the Libyco -Berber abjad, which is still used today by the Tuareg in the form of Tifinagh. The oldest dated inscription is from the 3rd century BCE. Later, between about 1000 CE and 1500 CE, they were written in the Arabic script, and since the 20th century they have been written in the Berber Latin alphabet, especially among the Kabyle and Riffian communities of Morocco and Algeria. The Berber Latin alphabet was also used by most European and Berber linguists during the 19th and 20th centuries..

Berber Art and Culture. Culture and traditions within each Berber community is very tribal and will differ from region to region. Day to day life is nomadic with men taking care of the livestock and women taking care of the family and handicrafts. The community will move to ensure that the livestock has ample grazing, water and shelter. This allows the women to continually collect different plants that they will use to dye wool and cotton. Their livestock provide them with wool which they use to weave kilims, a tapestry like woven carpet. These are sometimes made for personal use but are also often sold at local souks (markets). The patterns woven into the kilims are distinctive and characteristic of the tribe and region. The Moroccan Berber women like to embellish their kilims with fringes and sequins whereas other Berber weavers from different regions will simply use geometric designs such as diamonds and triangles. Berber art is predominantly crafted and expressed as wearable or useable pieces such as in pottery, furniture, fabrics, jewelry or carpets. Artistic design is also represented in their architecture..

Berber Art and Culture. The Berber or Amazigh people are celebrated for their artistic skills, from pottery to weaving, jewellery to henna art and, in particular, their exquisite designs. For many artists, however, their work is seen as an almost meditative process where they get a chance to incorporate ‘baraka’ , into their work. The concept of ‘baraka’ is deeply engrained in Amazigh culture and is best translated as ‘spiritual power’ or ‘power of the saints’. This concept dates from long before their conversion to Islam and it is basically all about keeping bad spirits at bay or staying clear of the ‘evil eye’, by using symbols, motifs and certain colours in their designs..

FamilyID=Office_ArchiveTorn. Henna , tattoo. A picture containing dancer person hair decorated Description automatically generated.