Ex- Yugoslavia. Melisa Tatarevic- Pelak. 

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The Break-up of Yugoslavia. What is the former Yugoslavia ? | International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. 

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What is the former Yugoslavia ? | International Criminal Tribunal for the  former Yugoslavia

Formation in the early years: Yugoslavia was formed after the collapse of the Austro- Hungarian Empire post- World War 1. 
 World War II and Tito: The country was divided during World War II and later reunified under Josip Broz Tito, who led it as a socialist federation. 
 Cold War Position: Under Tito, Yugoslavia was a founding member of the Non- Aligned Movement, which sought to remain independent from both NATO and the Warsaw Pact. 
 The Breakup: The breakup of Yugoslavia in the 1990s was marked by a series of violent conflicts, particularly in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, and Kosovo, driven by ethic nationalism and political instability which also led to genocide.

Former Yugoslavia Is A 'Painfully Gorgeous' Vacation Spot | KNKX Public  Radio

The International Community's Response to Violence in Yugoslavia. 

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The International Community's Response to Violence in Yugoslavia

The “International Community” Is an Ineffectual Fantasy | The Nation

In Bosnia, the past is disappearing and the future is bleak | Opinions | Al  Jazeera

International Community's Role: In the late 1980s, the international community, including the United States and Russia, attempted to maintain the status quo (ancien regime) rather than supporting a peaceful transition in Yugoslavia.  Blame for Bloodshed: The resulting bloodshed and unrest are largely attributed to the international community's actions.  Neglect of Popular Support: The international community disregarded the necessity of having the support of or at least passive devotion of the populace for a state's existence.  Diverse Opinions & Objectives: Different writers and politicians have varying opinions on the true objectives of global powers in Yugoslavia. Some, particularly Milosevic supporters, believe the West aimed for Yugoslavia's dissolution.  Milosevic's Defense: Slobodan Milosevic blamed external forces, including the US, UK, Germany, Austria, and the Vatican, for Yugoslavia's breakup during his defense.  Foreign Policy Impact: Suggests that a different approach by superpowers might have resulted in a more peaceful dissolution process. The inconsistent American policy toward Yugoslavia, divided into 3 stages.

The Bosnian Genocide. On the 27th Anniversary of the Srebrenica Genocide - U.S. Mission to the OSCE. 

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On the 27th Anniversary of the Srebrenica Genocide - U.S. Mission to the  OSCE

Ethnic Cleansing Campaign: The systematic attempt to remove ethnic groups from certain areas. 
 Siege of Sarajevo: A prolonged blockade and attack on the capital city of Bosnia and Herzegovina. 
 Srebrenica Massacre: The genocide of over 8,000 Bosniak men and boys in July 1995
 International Community's Response: The UN's failure to protect safe zones and NATO's eventual intervention

Visual Representation(s). The Bosnian Genocide - Musée de l'Holocauste Montréal. 

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The Bosnian Genocide - Musée de l'Holocauste Montréal

Video Link- https://www.youtube.com/shorts/WL9BFVqwU1Y

Culture before Genocide. Why did the Ottoman empire become obsessed to conquer entirely European Empires? - Quora. 

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Why did the Ottoman empire become obsessed to conquer entirely European  Empires? - Quora

Ethnic Diversity & Historical Disputes: The region has long been disputed by various ethnic groups including Catholic Croats and Orthodox Christian Serbs. 
 Ottoman Empire's Rule: During the Ottoman Empire's governance, Bosnia's Muslim communities survived while Croats and Serbs did not live there. 
 World War II impact: The Nazis allowed ultranationalist Croats (Ustasha) to create a puppet state, leading to a violent ethnic cleansing campaign. 
 Post- War Yugoslavia: Josip Broz Tito suppressed Croatian and Serbian nationalism and created a balanced federal constitutional framework. 
 Rise of Nationalism Post- Tito: After Tito's death and the fall of communism, Serbian and Croatian nationalism rose, destabilizing Yugoslavia. 
 Slobodan Milosevic's Role: He exploited Serbian nationalism, ended the autonomy of Kosovo and Vojvodina, and destabilized the region further.

Causes & Effects of Yugoslavia's Civil War. Infographic: 30 years since the Bosnian War | Infographic News | Al Jazeera. 

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Causes & Effects of Yugoslavia's Civil War

Infographic: 30 years since the Bosnian War | Infographic News | Al Jazeera

PTSD Prevalence: 85% of conflict survivors experience PTSD. 
 Second- hand PTSD: 60-70% of people born after the war are affected. 
 Political Exploitation: Regimes exploit nostalgia and stir up nationalist sentiments. 
 Migration: Many young people leave for the West seeking normal lives
 Family Impact: Every family has members affected by the war in various ways. 
 Personal Story: My grandfather's remains were found much later in a mass grave back in 2014 and the impact on my family especially my dad, has been profound.

War Criminals. Ratko Mladic was found guilty of genocide and war crimes He plans to appeal the UN tribunal's decisions to sentence him to life in prison. Mladic spent 14 years on the run. You were surprised that he could appeal against the UN's decision. All these actions and everything else are just like what is happening in Gaza.. 

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Ratko Mladic was found guilty of genocide and war crimes  He plans to appeal the UN tribunal's decisions to sentence him to life in prison.  Mladic spent 14 years on the run.  You were surprised that he could appeal against the UN's decision. 
 All these actions and everything else are just like what is happening in Gaza.

File:UN emblem blue.svg - Wikimedia Commons

Major Events Before. The Red Terror campaign in Ethiopia from 1976- 1978 resulted in the deaths of at least 10,000 people. The tragic events in Rwanda in 1994, where over 1 million Tutsis and moderate Hutus were massacred after the assassination of President Habyarimana. The first- ever genocide conviction in 1998 with Jean- Paul Akayesu found guilty for his actions in Rwanda The establishment of the International criminal Court (ICC) in 2002 to prosecute war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide. The Ottoman Massacre in 1909 where an estimated 20,000 Adana Armenians lost their lives. The Armenian Genocide from 1915-1916, where around 1.2 million Armenian Christians were killed in the Ottoman Empire. The League of Nations was founded in 1919. The Yalova Peninsula massacres from 1920- 1921 involving massacres and ethnic cleansing of Turkish Muslims by the Greek Army.. 

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The Red Terror campaign in Ethiopia from 1976- 1978 resulted in the deaths of at least 10,000 people.  The tragic events in Rwanda in 1994, where over 1 million Tutsis and moderate Hutus were massacred after the assassination of President Habyarimana.  The first- ever genocide conviction in 1998 with Jean- Paul Akayesu found guilty for his actions in Rwanda  The establishment of the International criminal Court (ICC) in 2002 to prosecute war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide.  The Ottoman Massacre in 1909 where an estimated 20,000 Adana Armenians lost their lives.  The Armenian Genocide from 1915-1916, where around 1.2 million Armenian Christians were killed in the Ottoman Empire.  The League of Nations was founded in 1919.  The Yalova Peninsula massacres from 1920- 1921 involving massacres and ethnic cleansing of Turkish Muslims by the Greek Army.

Significant Figure. Slobodan Milosevic was the first sitting head of the state to be charged with war crimes. His nationalist policies led to the breakup of Yugoslavia and conflicts in the region He maintained power through repression and control over the media He was indicted by the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia for violations if international law during the Kosovo war.. 

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Slobodan Milosevic was the first sitting head of the state to be charged with war crimes.  His nationalist policies led to the breakup of Yugoslavia and conflicts in the region  He maintained power through repression and control over the media He was indicted by the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia for violations if international law during the Kosovo war.

Ex- Yugoslavia

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