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A seamless golden line pattern in a geometric form

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In 1905 Albert Einstein explain the phenomena of photoelectric effect

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Photoelectric effect prove that light as a particle nature .

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In this photoelectric paper  for which he received the Noble Prize  in  1921

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Definition: 	 The emission of electrons from metal surface when exposed to light of certain frequency are called photoelectric effect .

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Ultra voilet rays
c
Photo electrons
Ill II
Photo electric emission

Construction  : 	 It consists of evacuated glass tube consists of metal plate P , connected to the negative terminal of a battery. Another plate C attached to positive terminal of battery. When the tube is kept at dark , the galvanometer G , reads zero , indicating that there is no current flow In the circuit. However when monochromatic light is shine on P a current is detected by galvanometer.

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the photoelectric current increases as the intensity of incident radiation increases.

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Threshold frequency: 	The minimum frequency at which electrons emitted from metal surface is called threshold frequency.

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One glowing light bulb among other light bulbs

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Classical physics failed to explain the photoelectric effect.

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Classical theory Quantum theory Classically more intense light has  more intensity. The maximum K.E of electrons is independent of intensity of light. There is no explanation for a frequency dependence. The maximum K.E of emitted electrons depends upon frequency of incident radiations. There is no explanation for a frequency dependence. There is a threshold frequency. Electrons require some time to absorb radiation before they escape from metal. Electrons emitted from the surface more instantaneously.

PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT

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