Philosophical Foundation of Education MPA 603: PHILO AND PSYCHO-SOCIO FOUNDATION IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

[Audio] Hi, good day and Merry Christmas everyone. Today I will be presenting the Philosophical Foundation of Education under the subject MPA 603 Philo and Psycho-Socio Foundation in Public Administration. I am Marvin D. Ochea, master in public administration. I would like to ask some inconvenience, due to seasonal conditions, my voice doesn't cooperate with my report..

[Audio] To proceed, there are two main courses for this topic. First, the branches of philosophy focusing on science and philosophy of Education. The second one is the Problems of Philosophy of Education focusses on the value of philosophy of education to teachers. I am not a teacher by profession but I will try to discuss to the courses of these topic. Understanding the philosophy in relation to the education system..

[Audio] Philosophy, from two Greek words, philo and sophy. Philo means Love and sophy means wisdom or simply the Love of Wisdom. Each Individual has an attitude towards life, culture, politics, learning and previous experiences. Although you may not be conscious of it, this set of beliefs, or personal philosophy, informs how you live, work, and interact with others. What you believe is directly reflected in both your teaching and learning processes. It is important to understand how philosophy and education are interrelated. In order to become the most effective teacher you can be, you must understand your own beliefs, while at the same time empathizing with others..

[Audio] There are six major branches of philosophy. First is the metaphysics which simply answers the question of what is reality. Second is the Epistemology or the search for knowledge of the foundation of knowledge. Logic is seeking the truth base on factual information. Ethics is the branch of philosophy where focuses most on the values or the right and wrong. Aesthetics is describing and focused on the definition of beauty and art. And lastly the politics or political philosophy where study focused on government..

[Audio] We will discuss first the Epistemology or considered as the foundation of almost everything. Is it defined as the study of knowledge. It deals with the process by which we can know that something is true. It addresses questions such as: What can I know? How is knowledge acquired? Within epistemology there are two important categories: rationalism and empiricism. Rationalism stresses reason as the most important element in knowing. Rationalism holds that knowledge is gained primarily through the mind. It also asserts that we are born with innate ideas that precede any experiences we may have with our physical senses. Empiricism' on the other hand' asserts that all our knowledge comes from our five senses Empiricism. or use the terminology of the empiricist John Cocke' our minds are a " blank slate" or tabula rasa at birth. ( husk knowledge comes from our experiences.

[Audio] The second one will be the metaphysics. Metaphysics is the study of " reality." More specifically it is the study of reality that is beyond the scientific or mathematical realms. The term "metaphysics" itself literally means "beyond the physical." It involves what is the true beginning of the universe, the supernatural being in cosmos and involves the study of God. This is considered the most difficult branch of philosophy which argument are beyond the scientific or mathematical data where human does not experience or seen yet..

[Audio] The next one is the Ethics. It is the study of moral values, or the right and wrong. Ethics is involved with placing value to personal actions, decisions, and relations. Important ethical issues today include abortion, sexual morality, the death penalty, euthanasia, pornography, and the environment. Society always have an argument about gender equalities. As a catholic most country, Philippines are challenged with new cultures that will mostly affect the behavior and attitude of our children. One catalyst to influence the ethics of the society may be the exposure to social media that people mostly young generations, will forget the ethical standards that our ancestors has taught us..

[Audio] The fourth one is the Logic. Logic is the study of right reasoning. It is the tool philosophers use to study other philosophical categories. Good logic includes the use of good thinking skills and the avoidance of logic fallacies. Most philosophers, use logic as the main and foundation before having a conclusion. It is the right tool in making decisions and having conclusion base on what the five senses is experiencing..

[Audio] The fifth one is the Aesthetics. It is the study of art and beauty. It attempts to address such issues as: What is art? What is the relationship between beauty and art? Where there objective standards by which art can be judged? Is beauty in the eye of the beholder? Some wise man say that life is an art. It will provide different story and perspective depending on how you look at it. The same with beauty where it depends on the person, situation and environment. The study of aesthetics considered to be a limitless course where depends on the imagination of the artist..

[Audio] Lastly is the Political philosophy Or sometimes called as Political theory is the philosophical study of government, addressing questions about the nature, scope, and legitimacy of public agents and institutions and the relationships between them Political philosophy also engages questions of a broader scope, tackling the political nature of phenomena and categories such as identity, culture, sexuality, race, wealth, human-nonhuman relations, ethics, religion, and more Political philosophy is a branch of philosophy, but it has also played a major part of political science, within which a strong focus has historically been placed on both the history of political thought and contemporary political theory (from normative political theory to various critical approaches). According to Dr. Jose Rizal's political view, a conquered country like Philippines should not be taken advantage of but rather should be developed, civilized, educated and trained in the science of self-government..

[Audio] There are seven major philosophies of Education. The Essentialism, perennialism, proggresivism, humanism, constructivism, social reconstructionism and behaviorism. I will try to discuss only these philosophies briefly and its definition..

[Audio] Essentialism is considered as a teacher-centered philosophy. Where the teaching of basic skills that have been proven over time to be needed in society. For example reading, writing, right conduct and arithmetic..

[Audio] Perennialism is also considered a teacher-oriented philosophy. Focuses on teaching great works, discovery and mastery of truths or everlasting ideas such as faith and spirituality and values..

[Audio] Learning by doing that is progressivism. Focuses on developing the students moral compass. Example for this is doing immersion, experimentation, field trip, on the job training, outreach program and practical test.

[Audio] Humanism is a student-centered philosophy. It focuses on fostering each student to his or her fullest potential..

[Audio] Constructivism is a student-centered philosophy. It focuses on using education to shape a student's world view. Emphasis on constructing knowledge of the world and making meaning of it. For example, using scientific method in finding solutions..

[Audio] Social Reconstructionism is a socially-centered philosophy. It has a perspective that education is the means to solve social problems. Social responsibility and social reform is the main focus. For example, conducting an interview or survey of people around on what are their thoughts in making developments..

[Audio] Behaviorism is a socially-centered philosophy. It focuses on cultivating behaviors that are beneficial to society. These includes the idea for punishment and reinforcement. Reinforcing positive behavior and modifying negative behavior. Reminder,.

[Audio] Science and philosophy have always learned from each other. Philosophy tirelessly draws from scientific discoveries fresh strength, material for broad generalisations, while to the sciences it imparts the world-view and methodological im pulses of its universal principles. The latest theories of the unity of matter, motion, space and time, the unity of the discontinuous and continuous, the principles of the conservation of matter and motion, the ideas of the infinity and inexhaustibility of matter were stated in a general form in philosophy..

[Audio] Problems of Philosophy of Education. Aims of Education, cultivation of curiosity and the disposition to inquire, fostering of creativity, production of knowledge and of knowledgeable students, maximization of freedom, happiness, or self-esteem, fostering of feelings of community, social solidarity, citizenship, and civic-mindedness..

[Audio] Clarification of educational concepts. One of the tasks of the philosophy of education, accordingly, has been the elucidation of key educational concepts, including the concept of education itself, as well as related concepts such as teaching, learning, schooling, child rearing, and indoctrination..

[Audio] Indoctrination. any form of teaching aimed at getting students to adopt beliefs independent of the evidential support those beliefs may have (or lack); any form of teaching based on methods that instill beliefs in students in such a way that they are unwilling or unable to question or evaluate those beliefs independently; or any form of teaching that causes students to embrace a specific set of beliefs— e.g., a certain political ideology or a religious doctrine—without regard for its evidential status. These ways of characterizing indoctrination emphasize its alleged contrast with critical thinking: the critical thinker (according to standard accounts) strives to base his beliefs, judgments, and actions on the competent assessment of relevant reasons and evidence, which is something the victim of indoctrination tends not to do. But this apparent contrast depends upon the alleged avoidability of indoctrination, which itself is a philosophically contested issue.

[Audio] Moral Education. Should education strive to instill particular moral beliefs and values in students? Or should it aim rather to enhance students' ability to think through moral issues for themselves? If the latter, how should educators distinguish between good and bad ways to think about moral issues?.

[Audio] Should moral education focus on students' character—rather than on either the inculcation of particular beliefs and values or the development of the ability to think well about moral matters—and endeavour to produce particular traits, such as honesty and sensitivity? Or are all these approaches problematic in that they inevitably involve indoctrination (of an undesirable kind)? A related objection to the approaches mentioned is that moral beliefs and values are in some sense relative to culture or community; therefore, attempts to teach morality at least presuppose an indefensible moral absolutism and may even constitute a kind of moral " imperialism." These large and complex questions are intimately connected with metaethics and moral epistemology—i.e., the part of moral philosophy concerned with the epistemic status of moral claims and judgments. Moral psychology and developmental psychology are also highly relevant to the resolution of these questions..

[Audio] Value of Philosophy of Education to Teachers. Helps to Decipher The Path of Learning. Affects the Society. To Be in Their Shoes. To Avoid Being Judgemental. To Teach The Concept of Unification. The Verdict. Teachers are mentors and play an active role in inculcating independent thinking in students. However, to do that as a teacher, you must have a teaching philosophy of your own. Students always look up to their teacher and therefore, it becomes necessary for you to have thoughts to inspire them. Here are specific reasons why you should Study Philosophy of Education if you are a teacher..

[Audio] Helping to decipher the path of learning. Teaching philosophy has been defined as the map, which provides directions to move ahead. One may feel lost without a map. In the same way, you are going to be missed while teaching if a specific path is not decided. Hence, a map is always needed to make informed movements. It is not possible to make students learn something until the teacher knows why and how he/she wants to teach. Once you know your path, you will be helping your students to plan to reach their destinations..

[Audio] Affects the Society. Teachers are termed as the future makers of the community. The core values that your students learn from you today are going to be applied and used in society as they grow up. People like you are the ones who help students choose different professions and identities. A teacher can leave a profound impact on students and help them make independent decisions in the near future. The core values that your students learn from you today are going to be applied and used in society as they grow up. A solid philosophical background will help ensure that these values are all positive. If you believe in breaking stereotypes, there are high chances your students will follow the same philosophical path. If your philosophy is accepting the already existing theories, rather than questioning them, your students might follow your path. Understanding the philosophy of education will teach them the need to know the whys. Along with the intellectual development of the students, it will also improve the standards of our society and make us more rational..

[Audio] To be in their shoes. By learning philosophy, a teacher would be able to view and analyze from the perspective of their students. Apart from understanding why students are behaving in a particular way, teachers would also be able to know how students perceive their actions. By learning philosophy, a teacher would be able to view and analyze from the perspective of their students. Apart from understanding why students are behaving in a particular way, teachers would also be able to know how students perceive their actions. This helps them adapt better teaching strategies and guidance, eventually resulting in improved results. Best of all, a teacher would be able to analyze his/her actions and understand the positives and negatives of their methods. Just as if it helps students, it helps them as well. In other words, the educational curriculum consisting of philosophy contributes to discovering the mind of the learner ( student), thus aid him/her in offering experiences and opportunities for cultivating his/her potential abilities..

[Audio] To teach the concept of unification. Philosophy also teaches about unifying each pupil and the teacher as one body to ensure harmony. The idea is to work together to create a better citizen, who diligently serves his community and keeps check on his/her morality. Through the philosophy of education, teachers can understand how to deal with the students and unite them as one. Even the students will then be able to confidently speak to the teacher as if he/she is their friend..

[Audio] The verdict. Through philosophy, you can ensure that your student not only retains his academic knowledge from all his completed grades but also develop a sense of humane values and ethics. These personal values provide a better upbringing for them to cope in the later years of their life. Thus, studying it is beneficial and significant for teaching students to learn autonomously..

“Talent and skill wins games, but teamwork and intelligence win Championship”-M.J. Thank You!.