Patient Counseling Aid

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. . . Fallopian Tube Uterus (womb) Ovary Produces Egg & Female Hormones Vagina Passage for Menstrual flow, Sexual intercourse & Birth Fallopian Tube Implantation of Endometrium Zygote Myometrium Cervix Opening of Uterus (Dilates in Labor).

. . 19 18 17 16 10 11 12 13 14. .

. . Fertilization Fusion of Ovum (egg) & Sperm Implantation Attachment of Zygote (at Blastocyst stage) to the Endometrium (inner lining of Uterus) Day 2 1 First Fallopian (oviduct) Ova ry Day 3-4 stage 8-æll Soncompacted morula (Zygote) Dayo Uterus Day 4 8-cell compacted morula Day 5 Early blastocyst Zona rophectoderm Inner æll mass Day 6-7 Late-stage blastocyst (hatching) ay 8-9 Epiblast Implantation of the blastocyst Hypoblast.

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. . Front View Healthy Uterus Side View Normal Asherman's Syndrome Asherman's Syndrome.

. . . eqnl uD!d011Dd u! 960>10018.

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. . . I-allopan Uterus Ovary Endometriosis Endometrium.

. . . nflamed uterus Inflamed fallopian tube Inflamed ovary.

. . . Normal Ovary Functioning ovary (Produces Ovum) Premature Ovarian Failure Non-functioning ovary (No Ovum Produced).

. . . PCOS Sign & Symptoms Normal Ovary Polycystic Ovary (small fluid-filled sacs) 9 Irregular / No periods Weight Gain Acne Hair Loss Hirsutism Infertility.

. . . f) Lunuwtuopt.

. . . Aneuploidies in the embryo Telomere length Extreme Skewed X inactivation male factors Sperm parameters, DNA fragmentation Y chromosorne microdeletion Acquired thrombophilia (genetic variants) Problems in tissue formation and remodeling (genetic variants) Alloimmune rejection (genetic variants) Parental chromosomal abnormalities Anatomical defects Infections Autoimmune Hormones Endocrine problems 13.

. . . Subserosal Fibroid Ovary Uterus Vagina Intramural Fibroid Fallopian Tube Submucosal Fibroid Cervix.

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. . . Ductus deferen (Transport sperms to urethra) Penis (External male genitalia) Urethra (common pathwa for urine & semen Scrotum ,Maintain testicular temp. 32-350C) Bladder Seminal vesicle (Secretion provide energy to sperm) Prostate gland (Impart alkaline nature to semen) Epididymis (Storage of sperms) Testis (Produce sperms & testosterone).

. . Pre-testicular / Endocrine Disorder • Hormone Imbalances affecting the Testicular function • Thyroid Dysfunction • Hyperprolacteinemia Testicular Disorder • Congenital anomalies • Klinefelter Syndrome • Chemotherapy • Varicocele Post-Testicular Disorder • Problems with the ejaculation of sperms (semen) due to blockage of seminal duct Sperm Abnormalities Abnormal Sperm function: • Oligospermia • Cryptozoospermia • Azoospermia • Asthenozoospermia • Necrospermia • Teratospermia 17.

. . Mild Oligospermia 10 to 20 million sperms/ml Severe Oligospermia I to 5 million sperms/ml Azoospermia o sperms Normospermia > 15 million sperms/ml Moderate Oligospermia 5 to 10 million sperms/ml Cryptozoospermia O to rare sperm.

. . . Abnormal Sperm Motility (Asthenospermia) Normal Sperm Motility (Normospermia) Sperm Motility Grading O GRADE A These have progres"ve tnotility. They are the strongest and swim fast in a stra.ght Iirw rm m I oo rm GRADE B tends to travel in a Curved Ot ni GRADE C rm Semen sample Live sperms (curled tail) Dead sperms (straight tail) Hypo-osmotic test Hypo-osmotic swelling test (to assess sperm vitality) For as erm sam le to be considered vital,.

. . . Normal Head Defects Midpiece Defects Acrosomeless Tail Defects.

. . OvaZoa-M Varicocele ZoaCLO Dilation of the testicular veins Varicocele is a testicular disorder characterized by a dilation of the testicular veins. This can increase the temperature around the area where sperms are located, which can block sperm production. 21.

. . . Ovarian artery Arcuate artery Radial artery Basal artery Spiral artery Endometrium Myometrium Uterine artery Endometrium Corona radiata Zona pellucida First Nucleus Ovum Cytoplasm Head Nucleus Basal body Middle Mitochondria piece Tail Axoneme Spermatozoa 22.

. . . (Intra-uterine Insemination) IVF (In—vitro fertilization) O sperm retrieval procedures ("ESA, TESA, Micro TESE) ICSI (Intra-cytoplasmic Sperm Injection) Surrogacy.

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. . . (aspiration) lollow needle Ultrasound control— 1.0varian stimulation hormone therapy 5. Embryo Development 4. Egg fertilization 6. Embryo Transfer — Cannula Vacuum pump 3. Sperm preparation.

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. . . icular Sperm Aspiration (TESA) process of removing a small tissue from the testicle. icular tissue is teased under and viable sperms are d. icrosurgi( Extracti It is surgical ticular tissues under microsc issue samplf series of proc.

. . . Uterine diseases Absent uterus Contraindications to pregnancy.

. . • Fallopian Tube Repeated Implantation Failure Ovary Normal Endometrium Normal Endometrial Lining >8mm Normospermia > 15 million sperms/ml Uterus Thin Endometrium Thin Endometrial Lining <7mm Normal Ovary Functioning Ovary (produces ovum) Male Factor Severe Oligospermia 1-5 million sperms/ml Cryptozoospermia O to rare sperm Premature Ovarian Failure Non-functioning Ovary (NO ovum Produced) Azoospermia O sperm 29.

. . Endometrium perm Embryo tocyst Stage). .

. . . Hysteroscopy Uterus Light illuminates interior of uterus Cervix vagina 3 Video Camera Laparoscopy Video Came Light source Laparoscope 10mm Trocar 5mm Trocar.

. . . Uterus Light illuminates interior of uterus Cervix Vagina Hysterscope Video Camera.

. . . Video camera Uterus Fallopian tube Video monitor Surgical instrument Light Abdomen filled with gas •Elopian tube Uterus.

. . . X Male Female (ovun) X Egg (ovtnn) X-carrying sperm O egg cell O Girl Y-carrying sperm O egg cell O Boy Father Mother.