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A type of motion in which a body moves to and  fro  about its mean position It is also called oscillatory or vibratory motion.

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The oscillatory motion is called periodic motion when it repeats itself after equal interval of time.

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Examples of oscillatory motion are Mass attached to spring Simple pendulum Steel ball rolling in a  china  dish

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It is observed that the vibrating bodies produce waves. For example , when a guitar string is plucked , the string oscillates up and down in periodic motion. The vibrating string cause the surrounding air molecules to oscillate , producing sound waves.

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A vibratory motion in which acceleration is directly proportional to displacement from mean position and is always directed towards mean position   For example  Mass attached to spring

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11.2: Simple Harmonic Motion - Physics LibreTexts

Consider a body of mass m attached to spring as shown in figure a When we move the block from its mean position to A by applying force F. And released the body moves to and  fro  about its mean position

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Characteristics of SHM: A body executing SHM always vibrates about mean position. Its acceleration is always directed towards the mean position The magnitude of acceleration is always directly proportional to displacement from mean position. Its velocity is maximum at mean position and zero at extreme position.

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Time period: 	Time required to complete one vibration is called time period.

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Frequency : 	The number of vibrations of a vibrating body in one second is called frequency .

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Amplitude: 	The maximum displacement of a vibrating body on either side from its mean position is called amplitude.

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Damped Oscillations: 	Such oscillations in which amplitude of resulting body decreases with time For example      Shock absorber of car

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Undamped Oscillations: 	Such  oscillations in which amplitude of vibrating body does not decreases with time.

Oscillations

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