Om Bhosale's Seminar Report

[Audio] 1 Government Polytechnic, Pune-16 (An Autonomous Institute of Government of Maharashtra) A Seminar Report On "Environmental and Waste Management in Iron and Steel Industry '' SUBMITTED BY: Om M. Bhosale Under the Guidance of Mr. A.V. Mehtre Sir DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING (Academic Year: 2023 -2024).

[Audio] 2 Government Polytechnic, Pune-16 (An Autonomous Institute of Government of Maharashtra) Department of Metallurgical Engineering CERTIFICATE This is to certify that Mr. Om M. Bhosale with Enrollment No.2105042, of Third Year Diploma in Metallurgical Engineering has successfully completed the seminar titled "Environmental and Waste Management in Iron and Steel Industry" as part of her diploma curriculum in academic year 20123-2024. Seminar Guide Head of Department (Smt. A.V.Mehtre Sir) (Shri. N.S.Kadam Mam) Principal (Shri.Vitthal.S.Bandal).

[Audio] 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT India is expected to increase its production capacity to about 37 million tons of crude steel by 2001, but the estimate does not take into account the changes in economy and growth rate'''. As also with the devaluating of rupee and increased duty on scrap there is going to be a great demand for pig iron to the extent of four million tones. Performance of our existing seven integrated steel plants is encouraging and has improved considerably. With the announcement of new industrial policy by the Government the Indian steel manufacturers have to face the challenges of global competitiveness on opening up of industries to the foreign investments and technical collaboration. Any how our steel industry is definitely will forge ahead. While these concerns are important and will undoubtedly play a significant role to boosting the technical nature of industry, they will become pale in comparison to what is likely to be most the serious issue wise, environmental pollution. Development of steel industry has brought with it environmental degradation. Environmental conservation has become an increasingly more important aspect of our daily lives. With the rapid and extensive industrialization and urbanization in many parts of India, there is a dawning realization that ultimate prerequisite for man's survival could well be the preservation of environment. We live under horns of dilemma. However, our expectations and our perceptions of what constitutes a minimum standard of living have put increasing pressure on both the public and private industrialists to ensure clean and healthy environment..

[Audio] 4 ABSTRACT The Indian Iron and Steel scenario has changed considerably after the announcement of Government Policy on de-control and liberalization. Several new entrepreneurs have entered the steel industry. It is heartening to see that the steel industry is set to carve a niche for itselfin the domestic and foreign market. The rapid progress of steel industry has aggravated environmental and waste management problems. This has led to increasing pressure from Government and the public to speed up action plan for effective industrial waste management. The waste management in steel industry is an emerging complex issue and can be implemented after regulating through monitoring, analysis, legalization, addition of infra-structural facilities for enforcement, waste auditing, change of process technology etc. The paper reviews current knowledge of waste management in Indian Steel Industry, approaches to environmental improvement and examines various options to environmental management plan keeping in view of the importance of sustainable endurance of environment and other natural resources..

[Audio] 5 CONTENTS  Introduction of Environmental and Waste Management  Importance of Environmental and Waste Management  Flow chart linking pollutants and principal operations in an integrated Steel plant  Environmental pollution in steel industry  Environmental management  Environmental management by environmental impact assessment(EIA)  Environmental management by environmental audit (EA)  EA for pollution prevention/waste minimization (PPIWM)  WM/PP Developments in steel industry  Conclusion  Reference.

[Audio] 6  Introduction of Environmental and Waste Management:- The Indian steel industry has shown a phenomenon growth in the last few decades. Steel is one of the most basic materials required for industrialization and plays a vital role in the country's economic development. India is lucky since it is endowed with natural resources required for a healthy and vigorous iron and steel industry. India is at present producing nearly 17 million tones of saleable finished steel per annum. It is heartening to see that India is exporting steel products to the tune of nearly one lakh tones. With the liberalization of import tariff on finished steel items the Indian steel manufacturers are able to cut down the cost of production and is competing in the world market. Private industrialists are ready to invest in new steel projects.  Importance of Environmental and Waste Management :- 1. Sustainability: - The iron and steel industry plays a crucial role in sustainable development. Engaging in environmental and waste management practices is essential for responsible and sustainable production. 2. Compliance: - Non-compliance with environmental regulations and standards can result severe penalties and reputational damage. 3. Innovation:-The search for alternative production methods and waste management practices drives innovation in this industry.

[Audio] 7  Flow chart linking pollutants and principal operations in an integrated Steel plant :-  Environmental pollution in steel industry:- Iron and steel industry which comprises, mining of ores, preparation of raw materials, agglomeration of fines in sinter plant, feeding of burden to blast furnace, manufacturing of coke in coke ovens, conversion of pig iron to steel, making and shaping of steel goods, granulation of slag for its use in cement plant, recovery of chemicals from Benzyl and tar products etc. etc. All the above mentioned operations add to air, water, land and noise pollution. The environmental impact due to steel production is shown in Table-l. Flow chart linking pollutants and principal operations in integrated steel plants is shown in Figure..

[Audio] 8  Environmental management :- Environmental waste management means "Management" as the Act, manner or practice of managing, handling or controlling something. Waste management is a problem susceptible to the application of classical engineering analysis and solution. Hence by extension of the most fundamental planning and management techniques, the problem can be solved in a manner which will protect man and improve his environment. All waste materials are economic assets. It is only when they are accidently or intentionally dispersed at lower concentrations into a benign or otherwise beneficial matrix such as air, soil or water that the essential management element or control is lost and human may become exposed to their short or long term hazards.  Environmental management by environmental impact assessment(EIA):- EIA is a management tool comprising a systematic, documented periodic and objective evaluation of how well a steel plant will affect environment during planning phase before expansion/new operation. The EIA study is based on data collected by a team of environmental experts on the plant layout, human settlement, basic facilities provided , other industries around steel plant, analysis and monitoring with respect to air/pollution , water pollution , noise pollution, solid waste, impaction vegetation, human health etc . Based on the findings of EIA report an environmental management plan (EMP) can be prepared and implemented.  Environmental management by environmental audit (EA):- Recently EA has been introduced for the first time by Ministry of Environment and Forests for continuation of NOC's for industries. The subject is still evolving and its importance and modalities are yet to be understood by many organizations. EA is a management tool that is valuable only if it is a part of overall management system. It is a self assessed management system and will cover all relevant information pertaining to steel production units/departments such as management of waste materials, air, water, noise pollution levels, safety measures, etc. Basic functions of EA include: (I) Auditing of environmental management philosophy of steel plant, (ii) Technical audit of plant, equipment, facilities and operating practices for compliance . EA is a management tool to verify the adequacy of EMP prepared based on EIA..

[Audio] 9  EA for pollution prevention/waste minimization (PPIWM):- A systematic audit of waste generating and handling of steel plant organization can help to ensure that all opportunities for PP/WM are identified and evaluated. The six important steps in waste minimization audit consist of preparation of ground, selection of audit team, finding the facts, identify options, and evaluate options and finally implementation. The final report will cover input analysis, analysis of waste generated, waste management recommendations, compliance of pollution levels with standards, impact analysis and economic analysis. Pollution prevention (PP) means not producing wastes and emission streams. PP not only offers an approach to reducing the risks associated with the most of environmental problems, it also makes good sense. PP programmed includes option like source reduction, recycle or treatment to prevent pollution. To sum up, WM/PP audit programmed will not only reduce production cost, raw material cost, energy cost but also improve income through the sale of reusable waste and safety of employees. Reduction on the impact of industrial activity on the environment also makes commercial sense.  WM/PP Developments in steel industry:- M/s Tata Steel, Jamshedpur has already implemented/likely to implement WM/PP programmed activities which include: 1. Putting up a 10 MW power plant based on fluid bed combustion technology at Jamadoba coal washer using coal rejects. 2. Putting up of slag based cement plant (2.4 NIT per year capacity) using granulated B.F. slag. 3. Manufacturing of fly ash bricks/light weight aggregate 4. Marketing of LD slag as soil conditioner  Conclusion:- Environmental and waste management practices are essential in the iron and steel industry, promoting sustainable development, compliance with regulations, and innovation. By utilizing waste reduction, energy-efficient practices, water conservation, and other strategies, the industry can build a more sustainable future. Collaboration and continuous improvement are critical in achieving these goals..

[Audio] 10  Reference:- This topic is selected on following Websites: 1) file:///C:/Users/Golu/Downloads/Environmental-and-Waste-Management-in-Ironand-Steel-Industry.pdf 2) https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/297712204.pdf.

[Audio] 11  The Experimental Results and Analysis :- a) Microstructure: - The SEM images showed that the tungsten filament precipitates were uniformly distributed in the austenitic matrix of the 17-4 stainless steel, with an average size of about 100 nm. b) Crystal Structure: - The XRD analysis confirmed that the tungsten filament precipitates had a cubic crystal structure and were mainly composed of WP and W2C phases..

[Audio] 12 c) Properties: - The TEM analysis revealed that the tungsten filament precipitates had a high density of lattice defects and dislocations, which contributed to their strengthening effect and improved corrosion resistance.  The Implications and Applications of the Study:- a) Materials Science: - Better understanding of the fundamental principles of precipitation hardening and solid-solution strengthening of metals and alloys. Potential for developing new and improved materials for various applications, such as aerospace, automotive, and biomedical engineering. b) Manufacturing Processes:- Improved control and optimization of heat treatment and casting processes for 17-4 stainless steel and other alloys. Enhanced performance and reliability of products and components made of 17-4 stainless steel, such as fasteners, gears, and medical devices.  Advantages 1. Energy-efficient 2. Easy Maintenance 3. Cost-effective  Disadvantages.

[Audio] 13 1. High heat generation 2. Slow cool-down time 3. Fragility  Applications:- 1. Light Fixtures 2. Industrial Machinery 3. Vacuum Tubes  Conclusion: Our study highlights the critical role of tungsten filament in the microstructure and properties of 17-4 stainless steel, and confirms its importance in various industrial applications. Further research is needed to explore the potential of tungsten alloying and precipitation strengthening in other materials systems and to optimize the processing and design of tungsten-containing alloys.  Reference:- This topic is preferred by , 1)https://in.docworkspace.com/d/sIPnp9orYAZm_iKoG?sa=e1&st=0t 2) ) https://gamma.app/docs/The-Role-of-Tungsten-Filament-on-17-4ph-Stainless-Steel- tc65kc4haug19k8?mode=doc..

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