Nutrition Over the Life Span

Nutrition Over the Life Span. Principles of Human Services.

[Audio] Ask the students how their nutritional needs changed from the time they were babies to today..

[Audio] Nutritional needs change throughout the life cycle. Each life stage brings its own growth and nutritional needs and challenges. Meeting these demands promotes good health at each stage of the life cycle and builds a solid foundation for the future. Nutritional needs change throughout the life cycle. Each stage brings its own growth and nutrition needs and challenges. Pregnancy Infants Children Teenagers Adults Seniors and older adults.

[Audio] Nutrition is most important responsibility Baby's growth and development depends on nutrients from mother Poor eating habits by the mother place the baby at risk The fetus depends on the mother for its nourishment The fetus depends on the mother for its nourishment. Maintaining good nutrition and health habits and getting proper medical care, are the most important responsibilities of the pregnant mother..

[Audio] Folate or folic acid help the body make new cells and may prevent birth defects. Foods from the Dairy group provide calcium, potassium, vitamin D and protein. Foods from the Protein group provide iron as well as protein. Fruits, vegetables, dry beans and grains are essential for folate and other nutrients such as fiber, vitamins, and minerals. Three hundred calories per day should be added to diet from nutrient rich foods. Pre-natal vitamins and mineral supplements may be prescribed by obstetrician. Refrain from drinking any alcoholic beverages during pregnancy..

[Audio] Grow and develop quickly in their first year of life Triple in weight Brain and organs continue to develop A baby may grow 50 percent longer and triple in weight in the first year..

[Audio] Have students match the appropriate food options to the age of the infant. See answers below. Birth to 6 Months: Babies get all the nutrients they need from breast milk for the first six months. Infant formula is an acceptable alternative when mothers decide to decrease or discontinue breast feeding. You should not give your baby cow's milk until after age 1. By 4 to 6 Months: While most babies are ready to eat solid foods now, they will continue to get most of their calories, protein, vitamins and minerals from breast milk or infant formula. Introduce iron-fortified infant cereal like rice and barley or pureed meats to help replenish iron reserves. By 6 to 8 Months: This is an appropriate time to begin pureed or mashed fruits and vegetables. Gradually introduce single-item foods one at a time. Watch your child carefully for any reactions such as diarrhea, vomiting or unusual rashes. By 7 to 10 Months: Babies are usually ready to begin feeding themselves with finger foods, such as dry cereal or teething biscuits. They also can begin to use a cup for water. By 8 to 12 Months: At this stage, most infants are ready for soft or cooked table foods. From 1 to 2 Years: Babies continue developing eating skills. They feed themselves and enjoy the same foods as the rest of the family. Choking on firm, round foods is a risk, so cut these foods into smaller, ¼-inch squares..

[Audio] Their stomachs are small and their energy levels are high so they need healthy snacks in between meals. Most 2- to 3-year-old children need to consume about 1,000 calories per day. Here's how to distribute those calories in a healthy eating plan: Grain Group: About 3 ounces of grains per day, preferably half of them whole grains. That is about three regular slices of bread or one slice of bread plus 1/3 cup cold cereal and ¼ cup cooked rice or pasta. Vegetable Group: 1 cup raw and/or cooked vegetables per day. Like adults, young kids need variety: mashed sweet potatoes, broccoli with low-fat dip or tomato sauce for pasta. Fruit Group: 1 cup fresh, frozen, canned, dried and/or 100 percent juice per day. Emphasize whole fruits rather than juice. Children love melon balls, Mandarin oranges (fresh or canned in juice) and frozen berries. Milk Group: 2 cups per day. Whole milk is recommended for children younger than 2. Older children can have lower-fat, calcium-rich choices such as fat-free or low-fat milk, yogurt and cheese. Meat and Beans Group: 2 ounces total per day. Options include one ounce of lean meat or chicken plus one egg or 1 ounce of fish plus ¼ cup of cooked beans (black, pinto, or other varieties). Oils: 3 teaspoons or less per day of liquid oil or margarine..

[Audio] Physical changes occur rapidly and nutritional needs increase. Iron and calcium are especially important for building muscle and bones. Teens may need more of some foods for a healthy, physically active lifestyle. Eat a small amount of high-fat foods and choose plenty of nutrient-dense foods..

[Audio] Importance of Nutrition for Teens Susan Adams, Registered Dietitian discusses why healthy eating habits and nutrition are important for teens to learn about and adapt into their daily routines. http://youtu.be/zJNmu0tpdZU.

[Audio] In a national survey in 2010, more than one-third of U.S. adults (35.7%) are obese. They also are prone to have other ailments such as hypertension (high blood pressure), diabetes, and digestive disorders. Midlife is the time when high blood pressure and high cholesterol can run havoc on a person's life. Exercise, weight control, and a diet rich in fiber, fruits, vegetables, and whole grain can help alleviate many cardiovascular problems. According to _Life-Span Development_ by John W. Santrock, due to advances in drug medication to lower blood pressure and cholesterol, diet, and exercise in high-risk individuals, the deaths due to cardiovascular disease have decreased in the United States..

[Audio] Older adults want to stay independent for as long as possible but may need a little help. Adult bodies have stopped growing so energy needs are lower. Different adults have different food needs. Some may have health problems that require a special diet and limit foods they can eat. Older adults can become dehydrated easily and should, therefore, drink plenty of water. Physical changes, such as losing the sense of taste and smell, can affect an elderly person's intake of food and cause them to lose weight. This is why having a good nutritional status can improve an older adults quality of life. What is osteoporosis? It is a condition in which bones lose their minerals and become porous, making them weak and fragile. Can you prevent osteoporosis? According to WebMD, a lot of physical activity during the preteen and teen years increases bone mass and greatly reduces the risk of osteoporosis in adulthood. If you eat a diet adequate in calcium and vitamin D and exercise regularly early in life and then continue with these healthy habits, you may be able to delay or avoid osteoporosis. Older adults should participate in physical activity or exercise. http://www.webmd.com/osteoporosis/tc/osteoporosis-prevention Lack of transportation does affect the nutritional status of older adults. The Elderly Nutrition Program provides grant money and commodities for meals served to older citizens. Is there one in our community?.

[Audio] Good nutrition affects: Appearance – helps give you shiny hair, bright eyes, healthy nails and teeth, and smooth clear skin Fitness – helps you stay energetic and alert throughout the day Weight – helps you reach and maintain a healthy weight Protection from Illness – helps your body defend against disease.

[Audio] Good nutrition affects: Healing – helps the body build new cells, repair breaks and sprains, and heal after illness or surgery Emotional Strength – helps your body and mind deal with stress Future Health – helps you stay healthy as you grow older.

[Audio] In June 2011, the United States Department of Agriculture introduced the new food guide – MyPlate, based on the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans..

[Audio] Introducing the New Food Icon: MyPlate The Department of Agriculture introduces the new food icon, MyPlate, to replace the MyPyramid image as the government's primary food group symbol. An easy-to-understand visual cue to help consumers adopt healthy eating habits, MyPlate is consistent with the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. http://youtu.be/SEFmSk08LIE.

[Audio] Discuss the requirements and the benefits of the food choices. What counts as a serving from each group?.

[Audio] The guidelines provide information and advice for choosing a healthy eating pattern—namely, one that focuses on nutrient-dense foods and beverages, and that contributes to achieving and maintaining a healthy weight. Such a healthy eating pattern also embodies food safety principles to avoid foodborne illness. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010 are the best science-based advice on how to eat for health. The guidelines encourage all Americans to eat a healthy diet and be physically active. Because more than one-third of children and more than two-thirds of adults in the United States are overweight or obese, the 7th edition of Dietary Guidelines for Americans places stronger emphasis on reducing calorie consumption and increasing physical activity. The complete 112 page report is available at http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/Publications/DietaryGuidelines/2010/PolicyDoc/PolicyDoc.pdf The shorter consumer brochure is available at http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/Publications/DietaryGuidelines/2010/DG2010Brochure.pdf.

[Audio] Food has a powerful impact on health. Healthy food choices promote wellness. When you practice wellness, active steps are taken to stay in good health. It is important to do this throughout your life span..

[Audio] What does wellness mean to you?. Wellness.

[Audio] Dietitians and nutritionists typically do the following: Explain nutrition issues Assess patients' and clients' health needs and diet Develop meal plans, taking both cost and clients' preferences into account Evaluate the effects of meal plans and change the plans as needed Promote better nutrition by giving talks to groups about diet, nutrition, and the relationship between good eating habits and preventing or managing specific diseases Keep up with the latest nutritional science research Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2012-13 Edition, Dietitians and Nutritionists, on the Internet at http://www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/dietitians-and-nutritionists.htm (visited October 15, 2013)..

Questions?.

References and Resources. Images: Microsoft Clip Art: Used with permission from Microsoft. Textbooks: Brisbane, H. (2010). The developing child. Columbus, OH: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill. Duyff, R. L. (2010). Food, nutrition & wellness. Columbus, OH: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill. Kowtaluk, H. (2010) Food for today. Columbus, OH: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill. Weixel, S., & Wempen, F. (2010). Food & nutrition and you. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall. YouTube™: Importance of Nutrition for Teens Susan Adams, Registered Dietitian discusses why healthy eating habits and nutrition are important for teens to learn about and adapt into their daily routines. http://youtu.be/zJNmu0tpdZU.

References and Resources. YouTube™: U.S. Department of Agriculture. ChooseMyPlate.gov Website. Washington, DC. http://www.choosemyplate.gov/ Websites: Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics The world’s largest organization of food and nutrition professionals http://eatright.org Best Teen Diets It encourages positive food decisions supportive of good health whether your goal is to lose weight, gain weight or stay within your healthy weight range. http://bestteendiets.org/index.html.

References and Resources. Websites: Nutrition Education of Texas Teaching Nutrition: Background information about nutrition, nutrients, and healthy eating habits. Topics include nutrients, food safety, selecting a balanced diet, nutritional needs during the lifecycle, nutrition and health. For additional information, visit: http://netx.squaremeals.org/teaching_nutrition.html Tips for a Safe and Healthy Life U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention http://www.cdc.gov/family/tips U.S. Department of Agriculture. ChooseMyPlate.gov Website. Washington, DC. http://www.choosemyplate.gov/ Accessed February, 2013..