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Dr.  Eman  Maher  Elbaz Biochemistry department, faculty of pharmacy, Cairo University  5  th  floor in  Biochemistry  department building, A507 Email :  eman.el-baz@pharma.cu.edu.eg

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Tumor markers are molecules can be detected in higher or lower concentrations than normal amounts in blood, urine or body tissues of people with cancer .

Also, tumor markers  may be defined as molecules  which indicate  the presence of cancer or provide  information about  the likely future behavior of a  cancer.   In asymptomatic  subjects , tumor markers are  potentially used  in screening for early malignancy .   In  symptomatic patients , markers may help in the differential diagnosis  of benign  and malignant disease.  .

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A tumor marker may be produced by the tumor itself by the surrounding normal tissue in response to the presence of tumor  by the tissue of metastases.

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1- 100% sensitivity: present in early localized tumors 2- 100% specificity: present only in cancer  patients and absent in non-neoplastic conditions 3- Marker concentration is related to tumor or prognosis i.e., production proportional to tumor mass.

N.B . Practically, none of the presently used tumor markers fulfills     these requirements .

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Specificity It is a measure of the incidence of negative results in persons known to be  free of a disease , that is true negative (TN).                                   Specificity   =  (TN/ All without disease (FP +TN))                                                         X  100                        Sensitivity It is a measure of the incidence of positive results in patients known to  have a condition , that is true positive (TP)                                   Sensitivity   =  ( TP/ All with disease (TP +FN))                                              X  100 Efficiency The efficiency of a test is the number of correct results divided by the total number of tests. Efficiency   =  ((TP+TN)/ Total number of tests)                                  (TP + TN + FP + FN)                                            X  100 Predictive values The predictive value of a test is a measure (%) of the times that the value (positive or negative) is the true value, i.e. the percent of all positive tests that are true positives is the Positive Predictive Value ( PV +ve ).                                                               PV +ve   =   (TP/All positive (TP +FP))                                              X 100 PV - ve   =   (TN/All negative (TN +FN))                                             X  100

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New Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation.pptx

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  Dr.  Eman  Maher  Elbaz Biochemistry department, faculty of pharmacy, Cairo University  5  th  floor in  Biochemistry  department building, A507 Email :  eman.el-baz@pharma.cu.edu.eg

New Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation.pptx

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