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PRESENTED BY :- Name – Bishal Parida Regd No - 2101105236 Roll No - 402030 Branch - Electrical Engineering GUIDED BY :- Ms Rosalin Pradhan (Assistant Professor) Dr Sasmita Jena (Assistant Professor) INDIRA GANDHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY , SARANG DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING A SEMINAR ON- MICROGRID THE SMARTER & GREENER POWER.

1 2 CONTENTS i. Grid in Power System ii. Introduction to Microgrid iii. Components Associated with Microgrids iv. Different Types of Microgrids v. Operation Modes vi. Benefits/Advantages vii. Challenges While Implementing viii. Conclusion ix. References.

SL NO. AUTHOR RESEARCH PAPER 1 Hatziargyriou, N., Asano, H., Iravani, R., & Marnay, C. (2007). Microgrids. IEEE power and energy magazine, 5(4), 78- 94. Microgrids manage distributed energy resources in a decentralized manner, which helps reduce the load on the main grid and maximize the benefits of these resources. In simple terms, a microgrid is a locally controlled group of DERs that can function as a single unit both electrically and in energy markets. 2 Lasseter, R. H. (2002, January). Microgrids. In 2002 IEEE power engineering society winter meeting. Conference proceedings (Cat. No. 02CH37309) (Vol. 1, pp. 305-308). IEEE. The Microgrid concept involves a group of loads and small energy sources (under 100 kW) that work together as a single, controllable system to supply both power and heat to a local area. This approach offers a new way to manage distributed generation. 3 Saeed, M. H., Fangzong, W., Kalwar, B. A., & Iqbal, S. (2021). A review on microgrids’ challenges & perspectives. IEEE Access, 9, 166502- 166517. Microgrids provide a practical alternative to conventional grids. They offer a compact platform that integrates distributed generators, storage systems, loads, and voltage source converters. Depending on the needs and integration potential, a microgrid can operate either connected to the main grid or independently LITERATURE REVIEW 2 3.

SL NO. AUTHOR RESEARCH PAPER 4 Shahgholian, G. (2021). A brief review on microgrids: Operation, applications, modeling, and control. International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems, 31(6), e12885. A microgrid is a crucial and integral element of smart grid development. It represents a small-scale power system that incorporates distributed energy resources. To fully harness the potential of distributed generation, it is essential to treat associated loads and generation as a cohesive subsystem or microgrid. 5 Lidula, N. W. A., & Rajapakse, A. D. (2011). Microgrids research: A review of experimental microgrids and test systems. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, 15(1), 186-202. A microgrid is a segment of the power distribution system that includes distributed generation, energy storage, and loads. For a microgrid to function effectively, it must be capable of operating in various modes: in parallel with the main grid, as an autonomous power island, and during transition phases. 6 Hirsch, A., Parag, Y., & Guerrero, J. (2018). Microgrids: A review of technologies, key drivers, and outstanding issues. Renewable and sustainable Energy reviews, 90, 402- 411. Microgrids are transitioning from laboratory experiments and pilot projects to commercial markets, thanks to advancements in technology, decreasing costs, a proven track record, and increased recognition of their benefits. Contd.. 3 4.

7 . 5 INTRODUCTION TO POWER GRID? What is a Power Grid? An interconnected network designed to Transmit Generated Electrical Power to Consumers Commonly refers to an Electrical Power System Different Components Associated with Grid 1. Generating Stations (Power Plants): Strategically located based on Fuel availability, Hydroelectric dam sites. 2. Transmission System: High-voltage transmission lines designed for the efficient long-distance transfer of electricity. 3. Distribution System: Ensures Effective power distribution throughout populated regions..

6 SCHMETATIC DIAGRAM OF A POWER GRID Fig-1 Electrical Power Grid Source-https://rb.gy/br8182.

8 GTD SYSTEM (IN ODISHA) GENERATION OPGC OHPC OREDA TRANSMISSION OPTCL DISTRIBUTION TPCODL TPWODL TPSODL TPNODL Grid Corporation of Odisha(GRIDCO)- • Responsible for bulk power procurement and transmission network management Odisha Electricity Regulatory Commission(OERC)- • Regulates the electricity sector, ensuring fair practices and consumer protection.

8 .S.M ROTARY STANDING- TYPE U.S.M LIEAR TRAVELING TYPE U.S.M 8 INTRODUCTION TO A MICROGRID Fig.2- Microgrid Source- https://rb.gy/br8182 A microgrid is a self-sufficient, localized energy system capable of generating, storing, and managing electricity independently or in coordination with the main power grid. Key Features: 1. Autonomy:- Operates independently during main grid outages. 2. Local Generation: Uses on-site sources like solar, wind, or CHP systems. 3. Energy Storage:- Includes batteries for balancing supply and demand. 4. Control Systems:- Utilizes advanced technology for energy management and grid stability..

9 9 COMPONENTS ASSOCIATED WITH MICROGRID Fig. 3- Components in a Microgrid Sources- https://rb.gy/lucy7i.

10 10 TYPES OF MICROGRID Fig. 4- Flowchart in a microgrid Sources- https://rb.gy/ijxpt9.

11 11 DIFFERENT MODES OF OPERATION Grid-Connected Mode 1. Microgrid is connected to and operates in synchrony with the main grid. 2. Balances local power generation consumption with the grid’s supply and demand. 3. Facilitates efficient energy exchange, supports the main grid. 4. Commonly used for most microgrid operations. Stand-Alone (Island) Mode 1. Microgrid operates independently, disconnected from the main grid. 2. Relies solely on local power generation sources 3. Control system manages power distribution and consumption for local loads. 4. Essential for remote or isolated areas where grid connection is impractical or unavailable. Fig. 5- Modes of Operation Sources- https://rb.gy/4xh1ed.

12 12 ADVANTAGES OF MICROGRID i. Efficient, Low-Cost, Clean Energy ii. Grid Operation and Stability iii. Critical Infrastructure iv. Reduce Grid Congestion v. Efficient CHP Integration vi. Advanced Integration vii. Market Competitiveness viii.Grid Services ix. Crisis Support x. Local Resources and Jobs xi. Diversified Risk xii. Local Management of Renewables Fig.6- Examples Source- https://rb.Gy/br8182.

13 13 DISADVANTAGES IN MICROGRIDS i. High Initial Costs i. Complex Integration ii. Maintenance and Operation iii. Regulatory and Market Issue iv. Economic Viability v. Energy Storage Limits.

14 1 4 FUTURE TRENDS IN MICROGRIDS i. More Renewable Energy Sources ii. Improved Energy Storage iii. Smart Grid Integration iv. Decentralized Control v. Sustainability Focus.

15 CONCLUSION i. Microgrids enhance reliability, reduce energy costs, and improve energy security. ii. They offer environmental benefits and greater flexibility. iii. Challenges include high capital costs, technical complexity, and regulatory hurdles. iv. Solutions involve adopting best practices and local adaptation. v. They contribute to a more resilient and sustainable energy future, especially in regions like India..

16 REFERENCES 1. Hatziargyriou, N., Asano, H., Iravani, R., & Marnay, C. (2007). Microgrids. IEEE power and energy magazine, 5(4), 78-94. 2. Lasseter, R. H. (2002, January). Microgrids. In 2002 IEEE power engineering society winter meeting. Conference proceedings (Cat. No. 02CH37309) (Vol. 1, pp. 305-308). IEEE. 3. Saeed, M. H., Fangzong, W., Kalwar, B. A., & Iqbal, S. (2021). A review on microgrids’ challenges & perspectives. IEEE Access, 9, 166502-166517. 4. Shahgholian, G. (2021). A brief review on microgrids: Operation, applications, modeling, and control. International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems, 31(6), e12885..

17 THANK YOU!.