TOYO UNIVERSITY Graduate School of Global and Regional Studies Course of Regional Development Studies,

TOYO UNIVERSITY Graduate School of Global and Regional Studies Course of Regional Development Studies,.

1.1.RWANDA data profile Rwanda is known as the “land of a thousand hills due to its amazing scenic hills, mountain and volcanoes It is a fertile, landlocked country in the East-Central Africa The country lies to 75 miles south of the equator in the Tropic of Capricorn, 880 miles as the crow flies west of the Indian Ocean and 1,250 miles east of the Atlantic Ocean..

1.1.RWANDA data profile, Con.t… Just south of the equator, it has an area of 26,338 km2. Rwanda has Africa’s 3rd highest population density with a population of 11, 821,752) Subdivided into 4 Province and Capital City of Kigali, Rwanda laid on the following geographical coordinates: 1.9403° S, 29.8739° E It is bordered by Uganda to the North, Tanzania to the East, Burundi to the South and the Democratic Republic of Congo to the West and it is prone to natural disasters including floods. (NISR, 2014).

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1.2.Over view of Rwanda flood prone disaster and control measures Rwanda has five volcanoes, 23 lakes and numerous rivers around 22,300 including Nyabarongo river, in which some of them form the source of the River Nile. Hills as well as the mountains are separated one another by a river, stream or lakes Figure .2 .: Photo by Telesphore Habiyakare,2021.

NORTHER WE S TERN PROMNCE SOUTHERN PROVINCE OVINCE STERN PROVIN CE GAU CITY Volcano National park (Home of mountain Gollira).

Nyabarongo River is Rwanda’s main river which makes a section of the upper Nile; it t is he longest River in Rwanda; its source start at the confluence of the Mbirurume and Mwogo River southwest; Then Nyabarongo flows northwards to meet Mukungwa from North lakes and Volcano National park ( The park is located at the highest altitude of the country (4507km) and its is the world famous for mountain gorillas-timid and passive family oriented giants) Nyabarongo turns to the eastwards and makes the border between the western and southern Provinces, Then Kigali City with South and Eastern Provinces, finally converges with Akanyaru , then Ruvubu from Burndi to form Akagera . Akagera River flows into Lake Victoria and makes Nile, the longest river of the world (4,132 miles). ( African Jungle adventures, 2021).

Figure.4.: ( Map edited from Rwanda Landuse and Development Masterplan,2020).

2.2. Nyabarongo flood as main cause of traffic cut off between Kigali City and Southern province.

Nyabugogo overflow on bridge causes traffic cut off between Kigali City and Southern Province. Photo Imvaho Nshya (Rwanda broadcasting agency,2018 ).

2.3. Nyabarongo-Source of riverine flood during the rain season.

( Photo edited from Rwanda Gorilla Treks, 2020 & Telesphore Habiyakare,2021).

Study for upper Nyabarongo catchment plan for soil stabilization, landscape restoration, water allocation, water governance and knowledge management. Construction of box culvert supporting Nyabugogo Bridge connecting Kigali with Southern Province.

4. Conclusion and recomendations. Flood hazard affects people and activities generally located near major rivers. Nyabarongo River affected more districts than any other river analyzed in National Risk Atlas of Rwanda In addition historical records show that numerous flooding events happen in the districts in which Nyabarongo river runs. Therefore, It is better to conduct Hydrological modeling of Nyabarongo River basin on regular basis using a combination of precipitation input from meteorological models, remote sensing, and ground station measurement to predict flood risques and plan ahead all control measures.

References African Jungle adventures, 2021) Rwanda Landuse and Development Masterplan,2020 Kammerer, J.C., Largest Rivers in the United States, US Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-242 rev. 1990) Kigali today, 2018 Ministry of Disaster Management and Refugee Affairs,2015, National Risk Atlas of Rwanda Hydrological modeling of Nyabarongo River basin in Rwanda Francois-Xavier Ndekezi , 2012 ; LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing (September 24, 2012) New Times, 2016 Imvaho Nshya (Rwanda broadcasting agency,2018) NISR, 2014.

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