Visual arts

Introduction of Mountainous Areas of the North.

Northern Luzon.

Northern Luzon. The northwestern portion of the island, which encompasses most of the Ilocos Region, is characterized by a flat terrain extending east from the coastline toward the Cordillera Central mountains. The Cordillera mountain range, which feature the island's north-central section, is covered in a mixture of tropical pine forests and montane rainforests, and is the site of the island's highest mountain, Mount Pulag , rising at 2,922 meters. The range provides the upland headwaters of the Agno River, which stretches from the slopes of Mount Data, and meanders along the southern Cordillera mountains before reaching the plains of Pangasinan..

Northern Luzon. The northeastern section of Luzon is generally mountainous, with the Sierra Madre, the longest mountain range in the country, abruptly rising a few miles from the coastline. Located in between the Sierra Madre and the Cordillera Central mountain ranges is the large Cagayan Valley. This region, which is known for being the second largest producer of rice and the country's top corn-producer, serves as the basin for the Cagayan River, the longest in the Philippines..

Background of Mountainous Areas of the North. The mountainous areas of the north are very cold in climate since they are mostly at the top of the valleys and villages such as mountain province and Ifugao, Luzon is by far the biggest island in the philippines and it has no deficiencies when it comes to mountainous areas. The Cordillera Central or Cordillera Range is a massive mountain range 320 km long north-south and 118 km east-west. The Cordillera mountain range is situated in the north-central part of the island of Luzon, in the Philippines. The mountain range encompasses all provinces of the Cordillera Administrative Region ( Abra , Apayao , Benguet, Ifugao, Kalinga and Mountain Province) , as well as portions of eastern Ilocos Norte, eastern Ilocos Sur, eastern La Union, northeastern Pangasinan, western Nueva Vizcaya, and western Cagayan. The Cordillera Central is the highest mountain range in the Philippines. The highest mountain in the range, Mount Pulag , is also the highest mountain on Luzon Island at 2,928 metres (9,606 ft). It is officially the third highest mountain in the country after Mount Dulang-dulang and Mount Apo on Mindanao Island, the second largest island of the Philippines..

Churches in Mountainous Areas of the North.

Baguio Cathedral. Baguio Cathedral is one of the oldest church in the Philippines. The building was completed and consecrated in 1936. It was dedicated to Our Lady of Atonement. Anyone would be amaze by the architectural wonders it have and for the serenity it projects amidst the fast development of the surrounding areas..

Baguio Cathedral. Äi9åi. dii. This is the main altar of the Baguio Cathedral.

St. Joseph’s Church, Kiangan. It is built in 1910, making it the oldest Roman Catholic Church in Ifugao. The Church boasts of its baroque architectural and half sphere foundation making it earthquake proof..

UCCP Church, Kiangan. United Church of Christ in the Philippines. American missionary Myrtle M. Metzger, planted the seed of Protestantism in Ifugao and founded the nearby Ifugao Academy in 1926..

St. Mary the Virgin Parish, Sagada. It is an Anglican Church located at the Episcopalian Mission Compound and was consecrated on December 8, 1921. A Tourist Guide to the Notable Philippine Churches described it as “foreign architectural design fused with indigenous motifs.”.

Dwellings in Mountainous Areas of the North.

Dwellings in Mountainous Areas of the North. Traditional houses in the Cordilleras were designed to have a multipurpose living space and hearth. Amongst Ifugaos , houses were designed to be dismantled, moved and reassembled or built in another site to avoid misfortunes. Houses were valued for their construction histories. Houses were constructed using a select type of timber. The propertied class have preference to narra wood. House types differentiate the villages in the Cordillera. Amongst Ifugaos and Bontocs , some houses would feature anthropomophic sculptures such as the Bontoc tinagtagu and the Ifugao kinabbigat which are also part of this collection..

With villages continuously undergoing changes over the years, most people now dwell in contemporary types of houses made primarily out of wood, iron and cement. New houses go well with the continuously evolving configuration of village life in the Cordilleras..

Visual arts. Visual Arts in Cordillera Administrative Region..

IFUGAO.

Bulul. Bulul , also known as bul -ul or tinagtaggu , is a carved wooden figure of the anito used to guard the rice crop by the Ifugao peoples of northern luzon Bulul is also seen during healing rituals, often the recipient of offering..

Kinabiggat. Kinabiggat functions to protect the Family, their rice and other property, as well as the whole community.

Lingling-o. Lingling-o an amulet that are fertility and luck symbols worn around the neck.

POKOK. Pokok is used for storing grains of rice..

MOUNTAIN PROVINCE.

Members of the Igorot tribe of Mountain Province in northern Philippines have long practiced the tradition of burying their dead in hanging coffins, nailed to the sides of cliff faces high above the ground Common beliefs behind this practice is that moving the bodies of the dead higher up brings them closer to their ancestral spirits.

KADANGYAN. Kadangyan , a burial cloth for rich people and only grandmothers are allowed to weave it during olden times..

Wanes the men’s traditional attire..

Lufid , Woman’s wrap around..

GINASPALAWANES. Ginaspalawanes . A belt worn by married woman of bontoc ..

PASIKING. Pasiking or backpack is used to carry goods and equipment and also, even if carrying nothing, as just a rain coat. The entire bag portion is woven rattan..

KALINGA.

Apo whang-od. Apo Whang – Od. The last “ mambabatok ” or traditional kalinga tattoo artist..

Kalinga Textile is characterized by red stripes, and white, yellow and black geometrical pattern..

LABBA. Labba is the antique Kalinga storage basket for carrying and storing rice or vegetables made by the mountain people from northern Luzon, the largest island in the Philippines..

BENGUET.

KAYABANG. Kayabang is a native basket made of bamboo and rattan base, originally used by women in Benguet. It is strapped at the back to carry root crops, vegetables and fruits harvested from the farms. Kayabang symbolizes abundance in the Benguet culture and is displayed in Benguet homes..

TINALIK. Tinalik basket is made from sturdy rattan and palm leaf, this basket includes a matching hat and headband. It has a natural colour with a square box base plaited in palm leaf and a conical main body of rattan wicker work. The Basket has a flat base and so it can be placed on the ground in a stable position..

ABRA.

TINGGUIANS. Tingguians Textile are white textiles with horizontal stripes found in the edges or vertical stripes in the center..

PERFORMANCE AND RITUALS.

KALINGA.

BODONG. " Bodong " is a Kalinga term roughly translated to "peace pact." A Bodong is undertaken under two main conditions or events: " gayyem " or when two people are in a relationship (to show sincerity in continuing the courtship) and " patay " when there is an existing problem or conflict between tribes or sub-tribes..

BUNGKAKA. Bungkaka , also known as the bamboo buzzer is a percussion instrument (idiophone) made out of bamboo common in numerous indigenous tribes around the Philippines such as the Ifugao, Kalinga, and Ibaloi ..

Kalingas sing dandanag and owayat for gatherding firewood. Appros is sung for half day afther childbirth and Kawayanna for tying the child’s first necklace..

IFUGAO.

BAKI. “ Baki ” is a traditional ritual performed by a munbaki which is mostly male. The munbaki does not accept payment for his performance but if you want to give compensation, its up to him if he accepts. The purpose of this ritual is to appease the aamod or the ancestral spirits, the gods and deities..

MOUNTAIN PROVINCE.

Nan-sob-oy. Nan-sob-oy – chanted at the conclusion of the wedding ceremony in Sagada.

A dap-ay ( Kankanaey and Applai ), ato , or ator ( Bontoc ).

Salidumay and Dangdang -ay – emerged after World War II, according to Maceda . Didiyaw – chant in funera rites. Churwassay – is as song form that gives tribute to the dead..

MYTHS AND EPICS.