Module 3a Fire Safety

[Audio] Fire Safety We come now to Fire Safety. Fire Safety.

[Audio] Session Objectives To acquire basic knowledge on the nature and behavior of fire. To be familiar with the proper response procedures during fire emergencies. To increase awareness on fire safety and be more prepared in case of a fire incident. Session objectives: To acquire basic knowledge on the nature and behavior of fire. To be familiar with the proper response procedures during fire emergencies. To increase awareness on fire safety and be more prepared in case of a fire incident..

[Audio] What is Fire? Rapid oxidation with the evolution of light and heat. Fire Triangle C:\WINDOWS\Application Data\Microsoft\Media Catalog\Downloaded Clips\cl0\AG00355_.gif Fuel – can be any combustible material Oxygen – in sufficient quantities, combine with the fuel for combustion to occur. VENTILATION Normal Air 21% Fire Needs 16% FIRE LOAD (Solid, liquid or Gas) Heat – energy necessary to raise the temperature of the fuel and the oxygen to a point at which they will react together. IGNITION Energy Needed to increase the temperature of the fuel, for ignition to occur. What is Fire? It is rapid oxidation with the evolution of light and heat. There is fire triangle which consist of 3 elements of fire, 1st, the fuel, 2nd, the oxygen, and the last is Heat. In the absence or presence of these 3 elements, there is no fire, or fire will not go out..

[Audio] Most common sources of fire are from the, 1. In the kitchen which came from leaking gas stove, rubber hoses or tubing, unattended candles or kerosene lamps, improperly stored of combustibles materials. 2. In the bedroom, from overheating appliances and carelessly discarded cigarettes..

[Audio] 3. In the living room, from overheating appliances, and 4. All room that came from accumulated storage of combustible materials, electrical wirings, overloaded circuits, octopus wiring, and combustibles furniture and fixture, curtains, waste basket..

[Audio] The accidental causes of fire came from the following; refilling of highly flammable liquids, matches and lighters, exploding firecrackers, candles and kerosene, one person doing several critical activities at the same time, and leaky LPG gas tanks and hoses..

[Audio] Depending on the type of structure and the materials of a building is constructed from or made of, fires can spread quickly, engulfing a structure in a matter of minute. How fire spreads? 1. by direct contact or conduction, the flame catching from one object to another..

[Audio] CONDUCTION AG00355_ AG00355_ AG00355_ M E T A L Ordinary combustible materials M E T A L It is the transmission of heat from one body to another. It is the transfer of heat from one molecule to another molecule. It is the transmission of heat from one body to another. It is the transfer of heat from one molecule to another molecule..

[Audio] 2. By radiation, the heat rays causing nearby combustible object to burst into flame..

[Audio] Radiation is the transmission of heat energy through electromagnetic wave. It is the transmission of heat energy through electromagnetic wave..

[Audio] 3. Convection, The action of heat arising within a structure, bringing along poisonous gases and smoke. It is the most life-threatening, and the fastest way fire travels..

[Audio] Convection HEAT Convection is the transfer of heat energy by the movement of heated fluids. Convection is the transfer of heat energy by the movement of heated fluids..

[Audio] METHODS OF EXTINGUISHMENT REMOVAL OF FUEL OXYGEN DILUTION TEMPERATURE REDUCTION There are 3 methods of extinguishing a fire; smothering, starvation, and cooling. Smothering are process which the oxygen are being diluted. Starvation are process which intend to remove the fuel, And the cooling is the reduction of temperature..

[Audio] COOLING OR QUENCHING - REDUCTION OF HEAT Use something that absorb heat Use water being the best cooling agent Use foam which contains 94% water Process of Cooling; Use something that absorb heat, Use water being the best cooling agent,and Use foam which contains 94% water.

[Audio] SMOTHERING - EXCLUSION OR DEPRIVATION OF OXYGEN Secure the door at close position Displacement or diluting oxygen by means of CO2 Blanketing- using wet blanket as foam SMOTHERING - EXCLUSION OR DEPRIVATION OF OXYGEN, Secure the door at close position, Displacement or diluting oxygen by means of CO2, and Blanketing- using wet blanket as foam.

[Audio] REMOVAL OF FUEL - STARVATION Shut off fuel supply Relocate flammable/ combustible materials REMOVAL OF FUEL - STARVATION Shut off fuel supply Relocate flammable/ combustible materials.

[Audio] CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE CLASS A CLASS B CLASS C CLASS B CLASS K CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE: class A, B, C, and D which can be seen in the data plate of a fire extinguisher..

[Audio] Class - Materials that are not METALS. Solids Wood Paper Plastic Rubber Coal “A” stands for “ash” Class A, Materials that are not METALS. Solids Wood Paper Plastic Rubber Coal.

[Audio] Class -Any Non-Metal in a liquid state. -Involve flammable/combustible liquids, greases and gases. Liquids Gasoline, Oil, Diesel fuel Greases, Hydraulic fluid Gases; i.e. Acetylene, Propane Natural Gas “B” stands for “boil” Class B -Any Non-Metal in a liquid state. -Involve flammable/combustible liquids, greases and gases. Liquids Gasoline, Oil, Diesel fuel Greases, Hydraulic fluid Gases; i.e. Acetylene, Propane Natural Gas.

[Audio] Class - Involve energized electrical equipment and cables. “C” stands for “current” Class C - Involve energized electrical equipment and cables..

[Audio] Class - Materials include Combustible Metals Magnesium Titanium Zirconium Sodium Potassium Lithium Calcium Zinc “D” stands for “ding” Class - Materials include Combustible Metals Magnesium Titanium Zirconium Sodium Potassium Lithium Calcium Zinc.

[Audio] Class Fires involving combustible cooking fluids such as oils and fats. “K” stand for “kitchen” Class K, Fires involving combustible cooking fluids such as oils and fats..

[Audio] Have you tried to use fire extinguisher? What was that? Fire extinguisher are first aid devices and provide a first line of defense against small fires..

[Audio] Fire Extinguisher Anatomy PRESSURE GAUGE (not found on CO2 extinguishers) DISCHARGE LEVER CARRYING HANDLE DISCHARGE LOCKING PIN AND SEAL DISCHARGE HOSE DATA PLATE DISCHARGE NOZZLE BODY Here is the anatomy or parts of fire a fire extinguisher. DISCHARGE LEVER, DISCHARGE LOCKING PIN AND SEAL, DISCHARGE HOSE, DISCHARGE NOZZLE, PRESSURE GAUGE, CARRYING HANDLE, DATA PLATE, and the BODY. ,.

[Audio] Portable Fire Extinguisher Operation Start approximately 6-8 feet from the fire then squeeze the trigger slowly while moving towards the fire 10-lb fire extinguishers lasts only 10-20 seconds. It should be used correctly. When the fire is extinguish, stop pulling the trigger. In the event of a re-ignition, at least there would still be contents inside the unit. Ensure that you have an escape path in case the fire is not extinguished. P A S S How to operate a fire extinguisher? By the PASS system, P, pull the pin , A, aim at the base of fire, S, squeeze the lever, and S, sweep side to side. There are also consideration in operation, Start approximately 6-8 feet from the fire then squeeze the trigger slowly while moving towards the fire, 10-lb fire extinguishers lasts only 10-20 seconds. It should be used correctly., When the fire is extinguish, stop pulling the trigger. In the event of a re-ignition, at least there would still be contents inside the unit. Ensure that you have an escape path in case the fire is not extinguished..

[Audio] Here are some videos that we can evaluate if it is correct or wrong in operating a fire extinguisher..

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[Audio] Classifications of Fire Extinguishers Classifications of fire extinguisher.

[Audio] DRY CHEMICAL (Mono Ammonium Phosphate) Powder type, less toxic, non-corrosive and non-conductor of electricity Recommended usage: for A, B and C Fires Identification: red color cylinder. Action against fire: smothering, replacing oxygen with carbon dioxide DRY CHEMICAL (Mono Ammonium Phosphate) Powder type, less toxic, non-corrosive and non-conductor of electricity Recommended usage: for A, B and C Fires Identification: red color cylinder. Action against fire: smothering, replacing oxygen with carbon dioxide.

[Audio] CARBON DIOXIDE A snow-like liquefied gas-type chemical. Less toxic and non-conductor of electricity. Recommended usage: for Class B & C fires Identification: red cylinder with black band and big air nozzle (horn). Action against fires: replacing oxygen with Carbon Dioxide, cooling effect. CARBON DIOXIDE A snow-like liquefied gas-type chemical. Less toxic and non-conductor of electricity. Recommended usage: for Class B & C fires Identification: red cylinder with black band and big air nozzle (horn). Action against fires: replacing oxygen with Carbon Dioxide, cooling effect..

[Audio] AFFF (Aqueous Film Forming Foam) Water-based with 3% or 6% concentration. Not recommended for Class C Fires. Recommended usage: for Class A and B fires. Identification: blue cylinders or stainless steel. Smothering and cooling effect. AFFF (Aqueous Film Forming Foam) Water-based with 3% or 6% concentration. Not recommended for Class C Fires. Recommended usage: for Class A and B fires. Identification: blue cylinders or stainless steel. Smothering and cooling effect..

[Audio] HCFC (Hydrochlorofluorocarbon) Chemical compounds that contain hydrogen, fluorine, and carbon atoms. Ideal for Class A, B and C fires Non-corrosive. Non residual. Not messy to use. Multi-shot. Can be used for several times. Stops combustion chemically and directly without powder, foam or water. HCFC (Hydrochlorofluorocarbon) Chemical compounds that contain hydrogen, fluorine, and carbon atoms. Ideal for Class A, B and C fires Non-corrosive. Non residual. Not messy to use. Multi-shot. Can be used for several times. Stops combustion chemically and directly without powder, foam or water..

[Audio] Dry Powder (Sodium Chloride) similar to dry chemical except that they extinguish the fire by separating the fuel from the oxygen element or by removing the heat element of the fire triangle. Recommended usage: for Class D fires. Dry Powder (Sodium Chloride) similar to dry chemical except that they extinguish the fire by separating the fuel from the oxygen element or by removing the heat element of the fire triangle. Recommended usage: for Class D fires..

[Audio] Wet Chemical Minimizing splash hazard Releasing soapy foam on the surface of the hot cooking oil. It holds in the vapors and steam . Smothering method. Wet chemical Minimizing splash hazard Releasing soapy foam on the surface of the hot cooking oil. It holds in the vapors and steam . Smothering method..

[Audio] Fire Safety Program Fire Detection and Alarm System First Aid Fire Protection System Fixed Fire Protection System Fire Exit Doors, Fire Exit Signs, directional arrows Fire emergency evacuation route maps/evacuation plans Inspection and maintenance system of fire detection, alarm, control and suppression systems. Hot work permit system Fire Safety Training Conduct of drills Working/active fire brigade team/ emergency response team Working/updated Emergency Response Plans Compliance to standards (OSHS, Fire Code) Fire safety program must consist of the following, Fire Detection and Alarm System, First Aid Fire Protection System, Fixed Fire Protection System, Fire Exit Doors, Fire Exit Signs, directional arrows, Fire emergency evacuation route maps/evacuation plans, Inspection and maintenance system of fire detection, alarm, control and suppression systems, Hot work permit system, Fire Safety Training, Conduct of drills, Working/active fire brigade team/ emergency response team, Working/updated Emergency Response Plans, and Compliance to standards (OSHS, Fire Code)..

[Audio] FIRE DRILL is an exercise or practice that teach the people on how to leave the building safely. PURPOSE OF FIRE DRILL: 1. Ensure the efficient and safe of exits 2. Help prevent panic 3. Occupants participating in a drill learns to: locate the fire exits of the building leave the building/house in a smooth, safely, orderly and disciplined manner recognize or familiarize the actual sound of the fire alarm system assemble at the designated evacuation area FIRE DRILL, is an exercise or practice that teach the people on how to leave the building safely. PURPOSE OF FIRE DRILL: 1. Ensure the efficient and safe of exits 2. Help prevent panic 3. Occupants participating in a drill learns to: locate the fire exits of the building leave the building/house in a smooth, safely, orderly and disciplined manner recognize or familiarize the actual sound of the fire alarm system assemble at the designated evacuation area.

[Audio] Fire Brigade Organization Proper and immediate application of Basic First aid to the victims. Monitor the hospitals wherein the victims were brought. Provide full assistance on the proper evacuation of all the occupants in the building. Familiar with all the entry and exit points of the building including the designated evacuation area. Complete monitoring and supervision of the situation Fire Marshall Deputy Fire Marshall Evacuation Group First Aid Group Fire Fighting Group Security and Communications Group Search & Rescue Group Fire Captain Asst. Fire Captain Fire Extinguisher Handler Fire Hose Handler Evacuation Guide Fire Exit Guard First Aid Man Nurse Supervises the firefighting and evacuation activities of his area of responsibility. Reports directly to Fire Marshal. Call the nearest fire station or any provided emergency hotline. Give public address in case of evacuation. Ensure the safety of the evacuation area and assist the police in crowd control. Performs actual firefighting in an emergency situation and drills. Conduct initial search & rescue procedures on the building..

[Audio] Importance of Fire Safety Life Safety The primary goal of fire safety efforts is to protect building occupants from injury and to prevent loss of life. Property Protection The secondary goal of fire safety is to prevent property damage. Protection of Operations By preventing fires and limiting damage we can assure that work operations will continue. Importance of Fire Safety, Life Safety The primary goal of fire safety efforts is to protect building occupants from injury and to prevent loss of life. Property Protection The secondary goal of fire safety is to prevent property damage. Protection of Operations By preventing fires and limiting damage we can assure that work operations will continue..

[Audio] ACTION TAKEN WHEN FIRE STRIKES S A F E T Y SOUND THE ALARM ADVICE AND ACTIVATE FIRE BRIGADE FIGHT THE FIRE, IF POSSIBLE EVACUATE THE AREA / PREMISES TELL OTHERS YOU GET OUT, CLEAR THE AREA ACTION TAKEN WHEN FIRE STRIKES S, SOUND THE ALARM A, ADVICE AND ACTIVATE FIRE BRIGADE F, FIGHT THE FIRE, IF POSSIBLE E, EVACUATE THE AREA / PREMISES T, TELL OTHERS Y, YOU GET OUT, CLEAR THE AREA.

[Audio] P A D R E PREVENTION KEY WORD FOR FIRE SAFETY AWARENESS DETECTION RESPONSE OR REACTION EVACUATION KEY WORD FOR FIRE SAFETY P, PREVENTION A, AWARENESS D, DETECTION R, RESPONSE OR REACTION E, EVACUATION.

[Audio] “You do not have to a well-trained, fully equipped fireman to put out a small fire. You just need to have the presence of mind in knowing what to do, and the necessary firefighting equipment to the job.” Quote to Ponder Quote to Ponder, You do not have to a well-trained, fully equipped fireman to put out a small fire. You just need to have the presence of mind in knowing what to do, and the necessary firefighting equipment to the job.".

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[Audio] Do you have any questions? Thank you! Thank you!.