Module 1 QU2020 FINAL

[Audio] Welcome to THE DESIGN-BUILD PROJECT DELIVERY APPROACH COURSE This Course aims to actuate the power inherent in the design-build process. Take the opportunity to become one of the leaders in the design-build field. I hope you will find the course useful and interesting, and wish you success and all the best. The course consists of 12 modules. This is Module 1. Module 1 provides an Introduction to the course, its objectives, components, schedule, requirements and success criteria. It also provides an overview of the design-build history and evolution; a background knowledge that's very important for you at this stage. The learning objective of Module 1 is for you to be aware of the design-build history, evolution and its current state in both the USA and worldwide. And, the module reference is textbook Chapter1, Sections 1.1 and 1.2, in addition to certain external references and recommended readings which I am going to present to you towards the end of the module..

[Audio] ABOUT THE INSTRUCTOR My name is Dr. Sheriff Hashem. I graduated at Alexandria University in 1985 with a degree in Civil Engineering, and then had a 30-year tour around the world of civil engineering. I have extensive experience in the field of design-build started in 1995 working on mega expressway design-build projects in Thailand. This is about the time when the world has seen a new wave of design-build spread and when the Design-Build Institute of America was established in 1993. I am a holder of BSc, MSc, PhD in civil engineering, have a European-Engineer title, a PMI certified Project Management Professional, and a member of the Design-Build Institute of America DBIA. Member of numerous professional organizations, a PMI formal Subject Matter Expert and co-author of PMI Project, Program and Portfolio Management global standards. I have published numerous articles and papers on design-build and on project management at large, and recently published my first book titled ' The Power of Design-Build'. For more information please check my LinkedIn account. To contact me by email please use UH Blackboard email. For emergencies please use hashem@uh.edu or call +00000000TBA. Happy to answer your questions and know about you..

[Audio] Ok, the TEXTBOOK The primary reference in this course is my project management textbook " The Power of Design-Build: A Guide to Effective Design-Build Project Delivery using the SAFEDB-Methodology". The book is pretty recent, just published in 2014 by the US publishing house " Business Expert Press". The book is available for you at Business Expert Press's website www.busniessexpertpress.com as well as in many other online bookstores including Amazon.com and allbookstores.com. The book comes in both paperback and electronic formats. It has circa 260 pages and consists of Nine Chapters. " The Power of Design-Build" serves as the primary reference and studying material for this course, in addition to other supplementary studying materials and recommended readings which will be advised to you as and when needed during the course..

[Audio] OK, so let's start off with an INTRODUCTION AND COURSE DESCRIPTION In this part we will have an overview of the course components, structure, schedule, learning objectives, requirements, and success criteria. It's very important to have the course objectives and road map clear in your mind upfront, and to maintain the focus throughout the course duration..

[Audio] Ok, ABOUT THE COURSE This course is one of the very first MS-level design-build courses in the world. It is designed to provide construction professionals and academics with the specialized skills and knowledge they need to manage design-build projects both effectively and efficiently. Such knowledge and skills are currently in high demand in the construction industry given the design-build's substantial and ever growing market share in the US and worldwide. The course provides a comprehensive review of the design-build project delivery method, hitting the high points of the process that can make the difference on the ground and maximize business results. It identifies and explains the key design-build project management elements that are critical to business success. That includes design-build history and evolution, process definition and unique features, teaming of designers and builders, tendering process and winning the design-build tender competition, design-build planning and scheduling, design-build contracts and legal aspects, design-build integrated project management, in addition to a range of design-build best practices and success strategies. The course also introduces a range of specialized design-build tools and techniques including the totally new and innovative SAFEFDB-Methodology. The SAFEDB-Methodology is developed by the course Instructor in a PhD thesis and aims to enable a high level of efficiency and control over operations in a structured scientifically validated manner. Methodology is introduced in a practical manner using real-world design-build case studies supported by numerical examples. The course lasts 15 weeks, a standard course duration, and consists of 12 Modules. Each Module has specific learning objectives, assigned readings, homework assignment and a quiz..

[Audio] Ok, now let's talk about the course's LEARNING OBJECTIVES Twelve learning objectives have been identified. By completing this course, Students should be able to demonstrate the ability to: Be aware of the design-build history, evolution and current state in the US and worldwide. This is a very essential knowledge that you should have to be able to link the past, to the present time and the future of the design-build business. Learning objective 2; to understand and be able to explain the design-build approach to others, and realize the differences between design-build and other common project delivery approaches which make design-build the power project delivery approach it is. Learning objective 3; to adjust the PMI PMBOK Guide project management model to address the unique needs of the design-build approach. This includes both the project management processes and the project life cycle. Learning objective 4; to align project objectives with the organizational program or portfolio level objectives. This also goes for all other project delivery approaches; however I thought it's important to touch on this point due to its importance. Student will also need to demonstrate knowledge and understanding of how to build the design-build project team. Learning objective 5; to know, interpret and administer the various common forms of design-build contracts, as well as to realize the legal aspects surrounding the design-build business. Learning objective 6; to build the design-build consortium effectively and in a mature and structured manner. A consortium is a group of two or more companies joining forces to win and implement a project. It is important to learn how to build the design-build a coherent and harmonized design-build team. This is key to project success. Student will also need to demonstrate ability to use the best practices in the preparation of and responding to design-build RFPs or Requests for Proposal, and most importantly how to win the design-build tender competition in the first place. Learning objective 7; to initiate, plan, execute, and monitor and control project performance. It is not the intent of this learning objective to be inclusive of project management at large, but to realize and focus on the project management practices related to the design-build projects. Learning objectives 1 thru 7 were about the design-build business in general. Learning objectives 8 onwards, i.e. 8 to 12, will focus on the SAFEDB-Methodology. The SAFEDB-Methodology is an innovative method of delivering design-build projects in a controlled and scientifically validated manner. It aims to actuate the power inherent in the design-build method and redefine such ancient process in modern terms for modern times. Learning objective number 8 is for you to demonstrate understanding of the SAFEDB-Methodology's motivation and underlying theories and concepts. The three components are addressed in learning objectives 9 thru 11. Learning objective 9; addressing the first methodology component, to know how the select the best design-build solution out of a range of candidate solutions using the Axiomatic Design theory. Learning objective 10; addressing the second methodology component, to know how to fast track or overlap design and construction activities in an informed manner using the Concurrent Engineering theory. Learning objective 11; addressing the third methodology component, to know how to control design-build work progress in a proactive manner using the graphical evaluation and review technique GERT. And, finally, learning objective 12, to know how to apply the SAFEDB-Methodology to a full real-world design-build project. The 12 learning objectives are achieved through 12 course modules and can be used separately. However, the full benefit of the course is achieved by using all course modules and learning objectives as one whole body of knowledge, rather than discrete knowledge elements..

[Audio] COURSE ORGANIZATION This course consists of 12 study modules. As discussed, each module targeting one of the 12 course learning objectives. Modules 1 to 7 focus on the Design-Build process at large. Whereas, modules 8 to 12 focus on the SAFEDB-Methodology. The 12 modules are spread over 12 weeks, one module per week from Week 1 to Week 12. Weeks 13 and 14 are dedicated to course review and recap, in addition to exam preparation and introducing the design-build code of ethics. Finally, Week 15 is dedicated to the course Final Exam..

[Audio] Here is the COURSE SCHEDULE Module number, Topic/ subtopics, Homework Assignments, Quizzes and Reference from Textbook. Module 1, Week 1. The Topic is Introduction and Historical Review. Subtopics include Introduction, Course outline and objectives, DB history and evolution; revival of master builders, and, the current state of Design-Build in the USA and worldwide. Module 1, like all later modules, has a homework assignment, a quiz and a reference from the Textbook. Homework assignments and quizzes are to please be competed and submitted latest by the end of the week following the week of the module itself. That means, Module 1 homework assignment and quiz to be submitted latest by week 2, Module 2 homework assignment and quiz to be submitted latest by the end of week 3, and so on. Module 1 reference from Textbook is Chapter 1, sections 1.1 and 1.2. Module 2, Week 2. The topic is Design-Build Versus other Project Delivery Approaches. Subtopics include The Design-Build approach, Comparison with other project delivery approaches, Roles of owners, contractors and designers in DB, and The power of design-build. Reference form textbook is Chapter 1, sections 1.3 thru 1.8. Module 3, Week 3. The topic is Project Management in Design-Build Projects – part 1. Project Management in design-build projects is a broad topic, so I thought of putting it in two parts over two modules, namely, part 1 in this module 3, and part 2 under the following module 4. Subtopics include Project management definition, the project management framework and lifecycle, and using the PMI PMBOK Guide in design-build projects. Reference form textbook is Chapter 2, sections 2.1 thru 2.3..

[Audio] Module 4, Week 4. The topic is Project Management in Design-Build Projects – part 2. Subtopics include Project management team setup in DB projects, Attributes of the effective DB Project Manager, and Aligning projects with strategic objectives. Reference form textbook is Chapter 2, sections 2.4 thru 2.7. Module 5, Week 5. The topic is Design-Build Contracts and Legal Aspects. Subtopics include DB Teaming Agreement, design-build Contract Forms and Provisions, design-build Insurance and Bonding, and design-build Legal Issues. Supplemental study material shall be provided for this module. Module 6, Week 6. The topic is Design-Build Best Practices and Success Strategies in the pre award stage, i.e. prior to awarding the design-build contract. Subtopics include Choosing the right DB Partner, Making the RFP Go or No-Go Decision, Preparation of the design-build RFP documentation, and winning the DB tender competition. Reference from the textbook is Chapter 3, section 3.1..

[Audio] Module 7, Week 7. The topic is Design-Build Best Practices and Success Strategies in the post award stage, i.e. after winning the design-build contract and contract is awarded to your organization. Subtopics include Mobilizing and developing the DB team, Planning and scheduling design and construction works, Controlled delivery of the design-build project, Risk management in the DB environment, and DB SMART KPIs or key performance indicators. Reference from the textbook is Chapter 3, section 3.2. We then move on to Modules 8 thru 12 addressing the SAFEDB-Methodology. Module 8, Week 8. The topic is About the SAFEDB-Methodology. Subtopics include Introduction, Methodology Motivation, Methodology Fundamental Hypothesis, Overview of the Methodology Components, and Methodology industry appreciation. Reference from the textbook is Chapter 4 in its entirety. Module 9, Week 9. The topic is The First SAFEDB-Methodology Component: Develop and Select the Best Design-Build Solutions. FMC stands for the first methodology component. Subtopics include The Axiomatic Design theory, FMC step 1: Define the DB System Domains, FMC step 2: Select the best overall design build solution, and FMC step 3: Progressive elaboration of solution details. Reference from the textbook is Chapter 5 in its entirety..

[Audio] Module 10, Week 10. The topic is The Second SAFEDB-Methodology Component: Fast-track Design-Build Activities. SMC stands for the second methodology component. Subtopics include The Concurrent Engineering theory, SMC Step 1: Identify schedule critical path CPM, SMC Step 2: Define activities fast-tracking parameters, and SMC Step 3: Apply DB overlapping strategy. Reference from the textbook is Chapter 6 in its entirety. Module 11, Week 11. The topic is The Third SAFEDB-Methodology Component: Control Work Progress and Get the Most Effective DB Schedule. TMC stands for the third methodology component. Subtopics include The GERT theory, TMC Step 1: Identify potential branches and loops, TMC Step 2: Apply GERT branches and loops, and TMC Step 3: Incorporate branches and loops into the CPM. Reference from the textbook is Chapter 7 in its entirety. Module 12, Week 12. The topic is the Application of the SAFEDB-Methodology. Subtopics include Application patterns and guidelines, and a Full-scale application example on a water dam project. Reference from the textbook is Chapters 8 and 9 in their entirety..

[Audio] Weeks 13 and 14 are dedicated to provide a recap, course review and exam preparation. Subtopics include Recap on Modules 1- 7, Recap on Modules 8- 12, Exam Format and Specification, and Design-build code of ethics and professional conduct. Finally, Week 15 is dedicated to the course Final Exam. Exam date will be advised in due course..

[Audio] INSTRUCTOR'S EXPECTATIONS My expectations are motivated by my genuine desire to ensure that you make the best use of the course and come out of it as a knowledgeable professional in the field of design-build. This can be achieved by performing a range of tactical steps including the following actions: Print out and use the provided Workbook. Workbook is a key studying tool which will help you to put down your own notes and insights in a structured way, as well as to memorize the information provided. You will need these notes when completing the homework assignment or taking the quizzes or the final exam. Complete the course diligently and review study material. It is your opportunity to acquire information and skills which you will need and benefit from in your future career. Submit homework assignments and quizzes in a timely manner. This is for to ensure the information learned is well digested, and also to avoid losing points. Commit adequate time to the course including assignments and quizzes. Manage your time smartly and make the best use of the time invested. Always link what you learn to what you know or expect to see in real-life. This is a key learning strategy. Learn to use the knowledge learnt in the future. Write to the Instructor using UH Blackboard on if and as needed basis. I am happy to receive your questions, hear from you and know about you. Just be specific and get to the point. Seek assistance from the UH library staff to conduct literature searches. Also use and refer to the recommended online readings provided at the end of each module..

[Audio] COURSE GRADING SYSTEM The 100% full mark comprises of 10% for quizzes, 30% for homework assignments, and 60% for the final exam. This puts some significant weight on homework assignments given the importance of such assignments to enrich your learning experience and in enhance your research and reporting skills. Grading scale is pretty standard. Grade A if you score from 90-100%, Grade B if you score anywhere between 80% and 90%, Grade C from 70 to 79%, and Grade D from 60 to 69%. Anything less than 60% will result in Grade F or failure. I wish you success and I am confident that most of you will score on higher side if adequate focus and effort are exerted..

[Audio] Let's start off by reviewing the design-build method at high level to know what it is all about and what it is trying to achieve..

[Audio] What Is Design–Build? Design– build is simply a project delivery approach in which both project design and construction are carried out by one company. The formal definition of Design-Build as developed by the Design–Build Institute of America DBIA is: "a method of project delivery in which a single design– build entity works under a single contract with the project Owner to provide design and construction services." Design–build is currently the fastest-growing project delivery approach in the construction market in the United States and all over the world, as also discussed in Module 1 in greater detail. Its market share is increasing steadily in various sectors and disciplines. This puts the onus on the construction professional to develop in-depth understanding of the method and excel in it. It generates benefits to the Owner and to the profession eat large that cannot be achieved by completing the design and construction tasks separately. The secret behind this lies in uniting the goal and joining the forces of the design and construction teams to design and construct structures, resulting in benefits to the Owner and the profession that cannot be achieved by completing the design and construction tasks separately. Design– build changes, simplifies and outperforms all other traditional construction project delivery methods used. This is achieved by getting to the point and transferring Owner requirements directly into reality. In today's construction marketplace, the traditional approach of delivering construction projects involves the appointment of a design firm to complete the project design drawings and specifications, and then soliciting bids from construction contractors and appointing a contractor to construct the works based on the completed design. The design–build project delivery route changes and simplifies such approach. It merely involves appointing a single design–build entity to design and construct the works through a single design– build contract, stating project scope, and providing a high-level conceptual design and project-specific requirements of the Owner. The design–build entity becomes then responsible and liable for both the design and construction aspects of the business. The design–build scope of work typically involves developing the project conceptual design and Owner's requirement into detailed design and detailed specifications, obtaining construction permits, producing construction documentation, and completing all temporary and permanent constructions all the way down to construction completion, testing, commissioning, and handing over the completed project to the Owner. The design–build entity then becomes responsible for the performance of the completed works as well as for any defects that might appear in the works during an agreed defects liability period due to design or construction deficiencies, or both. The design– build method is also known in the construction industry as ' Turnkey' job, ' EPC' or engineering, procurement and construction; and as 'design-and-construct'..

[Audio] Design-Bid-Build Organizational Overview [click to show the owner box] In design–bid-build, the process aso starts with the Owner's strategic decision and authorization to launch a construction project. [click to show group 2] The Owner fist appoints a design consultant under a design contract to produce a fully detailed design, specifications and a tender documents. [click to show group 3] The Owner then, in a second go, appoints a construction contractor to construct the project according to the detailed design completed by the design consultant, and a supervision consultant to conduct a detailed site supervision of the contractor's work to ensure that the project design is implemented by the contractor fully and correctly. [click to show group 4] As a result, delay and cost claims may arise if any discrepancies, shortcomings or errors are discovered by the Contractor during implementation..

[Audio] Design-Build Organizational Overview [click to show the owner box] In design– build, the process starts with the Owner's strategic decision and authorization to launch a construction project. [click to show 2 group] For that purpose, the Owner appoints a trusted Project Management Consultant with engineering capacity, commonly known as the PMC or the Bridging Consultant, with a mandate to bridge the gap between the Owner and the design– build entity, deliver the project, and to assist the Owner in making sure that his vision and requirements are conveyed to the design-build contractor and achieved in the completed project or end product. The PMC or Bridging Consultant translates the Owner's desired functional, quality, serviceability, design criteria, and end-product performance requirements into a high-level Request for Proposal, RFP, or tender documents. The RFP typically includes terms of reference, programmatic requirements, outline specifications, and a set of conceptual design plans. Seller responses are solicited and proposals received, evaluated, the best proposal recommended to the Owner for a DESIGN-BUILD contract award. A fixed-time fixed price lump sum design-build contract is then awarded to the preferred design-build contractor. In parallel, a contract implementation Oversight Consultant is appointed. [click to show 3 group] The Oversight Consultant provides a high-level supervision of the design-build contractor works; contract administration services including issuing contractual notices, processing payment applications, interfacing with authorities for and on behalf of the owner as applicable, reporting on progress, and escalating issues to the PMC or Bridging Consultant and the Owner. Once the design– build contract is awarded, the design–build contractor becomes responsible and liable for both the design and construction aspects of the business, ensuring site safety and appointing his own subcontractors, suppliers, independent design checkers, independent quality control parties, and specialist consultants in addition to his other responsibilities under the contract. During construction, the Owner involvement shall be limited to high-level oversight using his own in-house resources supported by the PMC or Bridging Consultant to safeguard Owner's interests, and resolve any issues that may arise during the course of the Contract. In design–build, the design– build contractor is responsible for developing the concept design included in the RFP into detailed design, obtain all the necessary approvals and building permits, as well as for completing the physical construction of the project including testing and commissioning. [click to show 4 group] In design-build, the Owner appoints a single contract for both the design and the construction of the project.

[Audio] Design-Build Time Saving Advantage Let's have a review of the project lifecycle for design-build and the traditional design-vid-build methods for a better realization of the time saving advantage of the design-build process. The design–build time saving is achieved through overlapping design and construction periods. The typical project delivery elements remain the same in both approaches, namely design, bidding or award, and construction; however, the order of implementing such elements varies. Let's check this out to see how it works: [click to show the concept design box] In design build, once the process starts with developing a concept design and a tender package by the bridging consultant … [click to show the bid box] Followed by bidding for the project … [click to show the Award box and arrow] And awarding the design-build contract to the preferred design-build tenderer … [click to show the detailed design and construction boxes] The design-build contractor then proceeds with developing the concept design into detailed design, and with the construction activities as soon as design information is available and released from the design domain … As can be seen in the shown figure, the design and construction activities overlap, so construction can start early in the process before the detailed design in completed. This overlap between design and construction is the secret behind the design-build ability to shorten the overall project delivery time. [click to show the concept design box] In the traditional design-bid-build, the process also begins with concept deign, this time prepared by a design consultant … [click to show the detailed design box] followed by developing the concept design into fully detailed design and preparation of tender documents, also by the design consultant … [click to show the bid box] Followed by bidding for the project … [click to show the Award box and arrow] And awarding the construction contract to the preferred construction tenderer … [click to show the construction box] The Contractor then proceeds with the project construction based on the designs provided to him by the employer and included in the tender documents. [click to show the diagonal arrows] As can be seen in the shown diagrams, the project delivery time saving is primarily achieved through the overlapping of design and construction phases and activities offered by the design-build project delivery approach..

[Audio] Alright, now let's move on to the second part of this Module. DESIGN-BUILD AND the REVIVAL OF MASTER BUILDERS It is very important for anyone in the design-build business to know the history and origins of the design-build process. Equally important is to know the great ancient design-builders, commonly known as the Master Builders. It is important to know them, know about them, to realize their achievements, and probably to extract lessons from their work that can be used today and tomorrow..

[Audio] HISTORICAL FACTS Before getting into details of the design-build history and its ancient master builders, let's review some key facts about the design-build process. Design-build is a modern term developed by DBIA in 1993. In 1993, the founders of Design-Build Institute of America DBIA settled on the term design-build as the official name for the integrated project delivery method their companies had been using. 2. However, contrary to common belief, Design-Build is neither a new nor a revolutionary project delivery method; indeed, it is the instinct method of construction that prevailed along most of the human history on earth before the distinction between design and construction had been developed. So the process is old; the term is new. 3. In fact, design-build is the logical and instinct method of construction that prevailed along most of the human history on earth through master builders. It used to be the only known method of construction until the split between design and construction occurred in the 14th century, as explained later in this module. 4. All of the world ancient buildings and landmarks are indeed design-build projects, designed and built by the ancient Master Builders. This includes the Giza pyramids in Egypt, the dome of Florence Cathedral in Italy, and Brooklyn Bridge in New York. All three structures are discussed in greater detail later in this module. 5. Design-Build is a revival of the ancient Master-Builders approach, however redefined in modern terms for modern times. The concept is the same; however the tools and techniques have differed given the technological revolution that happened in recent centuries. I have a great deal of respect towards the ancient Master builders, and would regard them as role model and professional ancestors. A considerable part of this module is dedicated to Master Builders. 6. It is key to learn from lessons of the past. There is no substitute for experience; and learning from lessons of the past can be instrumental in reaching new horizons of success..

[Audio] THE MASTER BUILDERS So now let's talk a bit about the ancient Master Builders, who they are, what were they doing, and why it is important to know them, and know about them. Master Builders led the scene in the construction industry along the past 5000 years of recorded human history, until the 15th century AD. When an Owner wanted to put up a building, he would simply look around for a Master Builder to put up such building for him. He would merely give the Master Builder an idea about his vision and inspirations about the building or facility in mind, and probably negotiate a budget and time frame, then leave it to the Master Builder to work out the details and transform the Owner's vision into physical reality. Master Builders controlled all aspects of the construction practice, e.g. design, materials, logistics, safety, quality, construction means and methods and trade secrets. Invariably, they have been polymaths or experts in many fields of knowledge. In addition to design, architecture and construction, Master Builders were commonly knowledgeable in fields like physics, mathematics, philosophy, religion, law, sculpture and even chemistry and medicine. With the authority came responsibility for building stability and building defects; e.g. The Law Code of Hammurabi, the King of Babylon, 1754 BC, held Master Builders liable for building stability and defects, namely : On liability for building safety and stability, Article 229 reads: "If a builder builds a house for someone, and does not construct it properly, and the house which he built falls in and kills its owner, then that builder shall be put to death."! Contemporary laws are neither that strict nor that straight forward; however, the consensus is that designers, builders and most certainly design-builders are responsible for building stability and shall bear the consequences one way or another for building collapses resulting in loss of life. And, on liability for defects in the works, Article 233 reads: "If a builder build a house for someone, even though he has not yet completed it; if then the walls seem toppling, the builder must make the walls solid from his own means." That's very similar to today's stipulated contractual terms and conditions..

[Audio] Famous ancient Master Builders include: IM-HOTEP, the Master Builder of Dzoser Step Pyramid in Egypt; Filippo Brunelleschi, the Master Builder of the Dome of the Cathedral of Florence in Italy; And John Augustus Roebling, the Master Builder of the famous Brooklyn Bridge over the East River in New York City. Design-Build is a revival of the ancient Master-Builder method; and today's design-builders are the Master Builders of modern times. This is my conviction, and this is the logical truth which we should realize and live up to. The following slides will shed some light on the above three major master builders, while going through the history of the design-build..

[Audio] MASTER BUILDER IM-HOTEP IM-HOTEP is the oldest known Master Builder in the human history. He served under the Third Dynasty King Dzoser in Egypt as a Master Builder, Chief Carpenter, Chief Sculptor, a Doctor, in addition to later being Chancellor of the King, Administrator of the Great Palace, a nobleman, and a High Priest of Heliopolis. He is considered the earliest known architect, engineer and physician in the entire human history. Im-hotep designed and built King Dzoser's Saqqara Step Pyramid in Memphis, Egypt; standing today for over 4600 years without signs of distress. The Step Pyramid was the first of its kind and size to be made entirely out of stone, and was 203 feet high thus the tallest building in the world at the time of building it. The step pyramid was only the focal part of a very sophisticated complex designed and built by IM-HOTEP which also included other impressive elements such as the enclosure wall, the great trench, the roofed colonnade entrance, the south court and the south tomb. Master- Builder Imhotep was considered divine after his death, and his work has vastly affected the construction of pyramids in later dynasties, including the iconic Giza pyramids considered one of the world's seven wonders. Im-hotep's impact on the history of construction couldn't be overstated. He set a perfect example for Master Builders and their ability to demonstrate the power of the design-build process and its ability to achieve breakthroughs and impact the built environment. Im-hotep has achieved his Step Pyramid size and height breakthrough by deciding to build it entirely out of stone, rather than out of clay bricks with stone cladding as was the state-of-art at the time. A takeaway design-build lesson learned from Im-hotep's work is that breakthroughs can merely be achieved by the extensive use of an existing construction material..

[Audio] MASTER BUILDER FILIPPO BRUNEL'LESKI Filippo Brunel'leski is a major Renaissance Architect who lived in the 15th Century=y in Florence, Italy. He was an Architect, engineer and developer of the renowned 'linear perspective' method Brunel'leski won a contest organized by the Church to complete the design and construction of the glorious Dome of the Florence Cathedral. This was considered to be a major challenge to master builders of Florence given the size of the dome with a 150 feet diameter, and the fact that the dome is to be built upon existing walls starting at 180 feet above the ground level. This is a major task by all standards. Should the Dome have been built traditionally, the dome would have weighted tens of thousands of tons, using a massive amount of ground-based timber scaffolding and templates, and would have taken a very long time to be completed. The genius master builder Brunel'leski came up with a brilliant time and cost saving design-build solution, namely, by introducing a two concentric shells solution; an inner shell visible from within the cathedral, nested inside a wider shell forming the taller external dome visible from outside. The first inner dome would serve as a flying scaffolding to build the outer dome, thus eliminating the need for the laborious and time consuming ground-based scaffolding. Brunel'leski's died in 1446 and his body was buried in the tomb of the Cathedral of Florence. Filippo Brunel'leski's iconic dome of the Florence Cathedral has crowned his career and left behind a remarkable success story that's full of self-confidence, creative thinking, hard work and most certainly an outstanding design-build example. Brunel'leski has achieved his technological breakthrough by thinking out-of-the-box and challenging those who doubted his work. That was evident when the Owner assigned Brunel'leski's rival master builder Lorenzo Ghiberti to monitor and verify Brunel'leski's design and construction details. A takeaway design-build lesson learned from Brunel'leski's story is that a third party verification can be useful and warranted in the case of technological breakthroughs or whenever the owner is in doubt of a design-build concept. This practice is still common nowadays in what's called peer review or third party independent checking..

[Audio] SPLIT-UP OF DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION Ironically, Florence Italy, the same city that witnessed the glories of Master Builders such as Brunel'leski, has also been the place where the first separation ever between design and construction professions took place in the 15th Century. Such split-up was raised and advocated by the Italian Artist and Architect Leon Battista Alberti, resulting in two camps; one is defending the Master Builder method, and the other the promoting separation. Filippo Brunelleschi led the Master Builder camp, whereas the Renaissance artist and architect Leon Battista Alberti led the separation Camp. Brunelleschi questioned the value of an Architect's work that stops short of addressing construction means and methods considering it as inferior craft and a step backwards On the other hand Alberti embraced a risk aversion approach and argued that Architects should stick to their core business as architects and shouldn't indeed be involved in construction. Alberti won the argument at the time and managed to convince his client and pass on the first ever design only job which is the façade of Santa Maria Novella in Florence From that point on, the separation of design and construction took place, and began to spread and gain grounds gradually in various parts of Europe, enhanced by the powerful Industrial Revolution which supported mass production and specialism. A lesson learned from this story is that, as we still see these days, some architects and eventually owners prefer to just produce concepts focusing on looks and aesthetics, and leave the engineering to builders. This should also work although not the most effective scenario. The separation between design and construction continued until the 19th Century..

[Audio] MASTER BUILDER JOHN AUGUSTUS ROEBLING The First return of design-build occurred in late the 19th Century. This took place in the USA and was marked by master builder J A Roebling's spectacular Brooklyn Bridge over the East River in New York City in 1883. The German immigrant designed and built Brooklyn Bridge using his profound knowledge of manufacturing and using steel wire-ropes. Wire ropes are a type of cables consisting of several strands of metal twisted together. Roebling used steel wire-ropes to replace the then commonly used iron chains in building suspension bridges for the first time in the world. Brooklyn Bridge was the first steel-wire-tope suspension bridge constructed. The innovative use of steel wire-ropes enabled achieving a breakthrough bridge span spanning 1,595 feet between main piers. That was the longest bridge span in the world at the time, 50% longer than any previously built bridge span, and a spectacular technological achievement by all standards. In bridge design, J A Roebling adopted an equilibrium strength approach, in which equilibrium is always satisfied, but compatibility of deformations is not imposed. This was a rough method, however deemed sufficiently accurate as the bridge was sufficiently ductile to handle the resulting deformation, and the bridge stood the test of time. J A Roebling died after a site accident, his son Washington Roebling took over and completed the bridge in 1983. Besides the benefit of using higher strength materials, a key Lesson Learned from Brooklyn Bridge story is the relevance and importance of the complementary roles of people, process and technology in any business. When John Roebling died, his son Washington Roebling took over and completed the bridge successfully. So when people change, process and technology can still carry on and save the whole system from going astray..

[Audio] The Second big return of design-build occurred in late the 20th Century and beginnings of the current 21st Century. This took place in both the USA and Worldwide, and was marked by several major Design-Build projects including the breath-taking Øresund Bridge designed and built by a consortium led by the Design-Builder SKANSKA SKANSKA is a multinational construction company based in Sweden. SKANSKA has led a consortium of design and construction companies to design and construct the 12km Øresund Bridge linking Sweden to Denmark across the Øresund strait completed in the year 2000. The link included 8 km bridge with navigable overhead clearance of 57 m, a cable-stayed bridge of a 490 m main span, an artificial island, and a 4 km underwater tunnel. Project was designed to satisfy certain key employer and functional requirements including allowing a clear channel for ships, a minimum navigable clearance for the bridge part, preventing the formation of icebergs, avoiding interference with air traffic, protection of marine environment, and a minimum operational life span of 100 years. Records show that the design-build Project was completed 3 to 6 months ahead of schedule, and provided one of the most remarkable well documented modern-age design-build glories. The key observations and lessons learned from the Oresund Bridge story are that; firstly, a clear set of employer requirements is key to project success; and, secondly, the fact that in the most recent modern times the master builder model has transformed from persons, such as Roebling, to companies or groups of design and construction companies such as in the case of the SKANSKA consortium. The second return of Design-Build was also marked by establishing the Design-Build Institute of America DBIA in the USA in 1993. DBIA is the organization that developed term 'design-build' in the first place, and is currently the world's leader in promoting design-build. Its influence is however to a large part limited to the USA and North America. I would wish to see DBIA extending beyond the oceans and having chapters in the various parts of the world..

[Audio] So now let's have a RECAP on the subject and a review of the TIMELINE OF THE DESIGN-BUILD HISTORY Contrary to the popular belief, design-build is neither a new nor a revolutionary project delivery method. Indeed it is the instinctive approach which prevailed along the human history on earth through the ancient ' master builders'. All ancient landmarks such as the Saqqara Step Pyramid in Egypt, Florence Cathedral in Italy, and Brooklyn Bridge in New York City are indeed design-build projects. Saqqara Step Pyramid is the earliest known design-build project in the world, and was designed and built by the great Master Builder 'Im-hoteb' in Egypt in the 27th century BC. Design-build continued to prevail as the only known method of construction in the world including the 15th century breath-taking Dome of the Florence Cathedral which was designed and built by the Italian Master Builder Filippo Brunel'leski in Florence, Italy. Ironically, Florence has also seen the first separation of design and construction, and this occasion is attributed to the Italian Renaissance Architect Leon Battista Alberti who managed to convince his client of such separation, and the outcome was the façade of the Santa Maria Novella church. The separation between the design and construction, or what can be called the design-build gap, continued between the 15th century and the 19th century when the first return of design-build was marked by Brooklyn Bridge in New York City USA which was designed and built by Master Builder John Augustus Roebling and opened to traffic in the year 1883. Ever since design-build started to gain grounds in the USA and Europe despite resistance from designers and contractors who tended to introvert and assemble in own societies and associations such as the Institution of Civil Engineers established in the UK in year 1818, the American Institute of Architects established in 1857, and the Associated General Contractors AGC established in 1907. The second and indeed the more powerful return of design-build took place in late the 20th century, and was marked by the establishment of the Design-Build Institute of America DBIA in 1993, as well as by launching a series of major international design-build projects worldwide including the spectacular Oresund Bridge linking Sweden to Denmark which was constructed using the Design-Build method. A recent market research revealed that design-build is growing fast in the USA, and that currently 40% of all non-residential projects in the USA are delivered using the design-build project delivery approach. Similar finding could be found in other major markets in the world..

[Audio] This section is dedicated to having an objective review of the current state of the design-build approach in the construction industry in the United States of America as well as worldwide..

[Audio] DESIGN-BUILD TODAY THE CURRENT STATE OF DB IN THE USA AND WORLWIDE Recent research confirms that Design-build project delivery has been steadily increasing in the U.S. public building sector for more than 10 years. Design-build is currently widely acknowledged in the Construction Industry Gaining more grounds and its popularity growing steadily Its application extends to all construction sectors and project sizes The design-build process is not well established despite efforts to change such status DBIA is the only organization that defines, teaches and promotes design-build best practices Principles and benefits of design-build are recognized; however its means and methods are lagging Design-build is causing and or requiring legislative changes and equally important changes to the industry's mindset USA is taking the lead on design build in the world; however worldwide spread of the use and popularity of design-build is also evident Design-Build is here to stay, so let's get ready for it.

[Audio] DESIGN-BUILD STATISTICS A Report was issued by Reed Construction Data Market Intelligence on the USA Construction Market and Published by DBIA in 2011. The key finding of the report is that Design-Build has been growing steadily in the USA since 2005. Specific report findings from a construction Sector perspective indicate that design-build accounts for the following Market Shares: More than 40% of all commercial construction projects including office buildings, public parking garages, and medical facilities such as hospitals, clinics and nursing homes. More than 80% of all military construction projects such as housing and office buildings. And, specific report findings from a Project Size perspective indicate that Design-Build growth is dominated by large size projects, and that over 50% of the construction projects of $ 10 million of value or more are indeed delivered using design-build. The following slides provide snap shots of the said report:.

[Audio] As can be seen in this graph, in 2005, the market share of design-build was 30%, whereas the traditional design-bid-build was a little less than 70%. In 2010, the design-build market share increased to 40%, whereas the share of the traditional design-bid-build decreased to be a little more than 50%. If this trend continues, design-build would hit the 50% mark in 2015 to 2020. Construction Management At Risk has kept a nominal share of less than 10%..

[Audio] This graph looks at the dollar value of the design-build market. As can be seen in the graph, in 2005 the market size of design-build was about 70 billion US dollars, This market size has increased almost three times in 2010 to reach 200 billion dollars. That's a remarkable increase especially bearing in mind the economic slowdown which took place in 2008 onwards. ,.

[Audio] A recent report published by Capital Project Strategies and presented in DBIA's 2012 Spring Transportation Construction Conference indicated that 21 States have recently expanded the design-build authority. This can only point to a growing recognition and appreciation of the design-method and suggest further expansion of authority is likely to take place in the near future to eventually cover the entire USA map. A further review of design-build legal aspects will be provided under Module 5 of this Course..

[Audio] External References and Recommended Readings All Resources Available Online For maximum benefit from the module, please take the time to review the material provided under the shown links, in addition to the specified Sections from the Textbook..

[Audio] "The world is yet to see the actual power of design-build as the ancient process revives and matures in modern times" This sentence summarizes the outcome of my over 20 years of study, research and application of the design-build project delivery approach..

[Audio] Please complete the Module Workbook, Solve the Module Quiz, and submit the Module Homework Assignment in a timely manner. Thank you!.