part 4

[Audio] A-F-P Vision 2028: A World-class Armed Forces, Source of National Pride A-F-P Vision 2028: A World-class Armed Forces, Source of National Pride d Major words in titles of books, articles, and songs are also capitalized. Sample 1 Wrong The A-F-P In Challenging Times Correct The A-F-P in Challenging Times Sample 2 Wrong An Act Providing For The National Defense And Security Of The Republic Of The Philippines And For Other Purposes Correct An Act Providing for the National Defense and Security of the Republic of the Philippines and for Other Purposes e Capitalize the first word in a sentence that is a direct quote. Wrong The President during his fifth State of the Nation Address on July 28, 2014 said, “kailangan ng tiwala sa usapan ng kapayapaan.” Correct The President during his fifth State of the Nation Address on July 28, 2014 said, “Kailangan ng tiwala sa usapan ng kapayapaan.” 2. GRAMMAR a On verb tenses, use simple tenses as much as possible and be consistent all throughout. Sample 1 Wrong During the meeting, the VCSAFP also supported the four (4) action items that have been adopted by the body to be further discussed on the next E-W-G meeting. Correct During the meeting, the VCSAFP also supported the four (4) action items that were adopted by the body, which will be further discussed on the next E-W-G meeting. Correct During the meeting, the VCSAFP also supported the four (4) action items adopted by the body with further detail discussion on the next E-W-G meeting. Sample 2 Wrong Subject Officers have been cleared by appropriate intelligence agencies and satisfied all commission requirements. Correct Subject Officers were cleared by appropriate intelligence agencies and satisfied all commission requirements. b On subject-verb agreement, singular subjects have plural verbs while plural subjects have singular verbs. Sample 1 Wrong The Officer or his friends jogs everyday. Correct The Officer or his friends jog everyday. A-F-P Core Values: Honor, Service, Patriotism 50 50 A-F-P Core Values: Honor, Service, Patriotism.

[Audio] A-F-P Vision 2028: A World-class Armed Forces, Source of National Pride A-F-P Vision 2028: A World-class Armed Forces, Source of National Pride Correct His friends or the boy jog everyday. Sample 2 Wrong The ship – carrying 180 unit of container vans, 11 generators and 16 cars – were reported missing last week with last location at 90 Nautical Miles West of Hasa-Hasa Shoal. Correct The ship – carrying 180 units of container vans, 11 generators and 16 cars – was reported missing last week with last location at 90 Nautical Miles West of Hasa-Hasa Shoal. Sample 3 Wrong The President and his S-M-A is attending the briefing. Correct The President and his S-M-A are attending the briefing. c A preposition tells a reader when and where something occurred as well as how it occurred. Prepositions are usually used in front of nouns or pronouns and they show the relationship between the noun or pronoun and other words in a sentence. Avoid ending sentences with prepositions. Time Prepositions Usage Example to refers to another location  He returned to the camp. at to designate specific times (clock times and mealtimes)  The Testimonial Parade will start at 1600H.  … at lunchtime. on to designate days and dates  The parade will be on Monday. in for non-specific times during a day, a month, a season, or a year  The parade will be in the morning.  … in March.  … in 2015. for to measure time (seconds, minutes, hours, days, months, years)  for eight (8) years since a specific date or time  since 1972 from when indicating the start to finish date of the event  from October 3-7, 2014 Place Prepositions Usage Example to refers to another location  He returned to the camp. at for specific addresses  at Camp General Emilio Aguinaldo, Quezon City on to designate names of streets, avenues, et cetera  on Shaw Boulevard  in Southeast Asia  in Zamboanga in for the names of land-areas (towns, counties, states, countries, and continents) d On articles or determiners, if the noun is countable and singular, it must almost always be preceded by an article (or some other 'determiner', such as this, his etc). The nouns that don’t need determiner are PROPER nouns, PLURAL nouns and mass nouns: A-F-P Core Values: Honor, Service, Patriotism 51 A-F-P Core Values: Honor, Service, Patriotism 51.

[Audio] A-F-P Vision 2028: A World-class Armed Forces, Source of National Pride A-F-P Vision 2028: A World-class Armed Forces, Source of National Pride 1) “The” is the definite article, which means that it is used when the writer expects that the reader knows which particular thing or person the writer is referring to. 2) “A” is the indefinite article and is used when things or people are referred to which are not already known to the reader. “Some” and “any” are often used as the plural of a/an. “An” is used before words which begin with a vowel sound, not simply a vowel like an hour, an SF, an MA; but, a university. 3) Mass nouns denote something that cannot be counted (for example, a substance or quality). It is usually a noun that lacks a plural in ordinary usage. (Example: happiness) When used in a generic sense, only mass nouns and plural count nouns are able to occur without a determiner or quantifier: Water is colorless. Groceries are expensive. Dogs make good companions. Article Usage Example  cooperation with the U-S Embassy  I hope this merits the approval… the (definite article)  the military  The A-F-P appreciates the cooperation of the P-N-P-.  This cooperation with the PNP…  when we believe the hearer/reader knows exactly what we are referring to  used to indicate a noun that is definite or has been previously specified in the context  to refer to a system or service  use the with an uncount noun when you are talking about a particular example of that thing  when you have already mentioned the thing you are talking about  before certain nouns when we know there is only one of a particular thing  General MOELDOKO rendered a courtesy call to the Chief of Staff, A-F-P at the General Headquarters Building…  The Chief of Staff is a member of P-M-A Class ’83.  signals that the noun modified is indefinite, referring to any member of a group a/an (indefinite article)  refer to something not specifically known to the person you are communicating e Conjunctive Adverbs – link words, phrases, and clauses together and provide a smooth transition between ideas. The key is to determine its function – if it is meant as an addition, comparison, concession, contrast, emphasis, sequence, cause and effect, illustrate, summarize or determine time. A-F-P Core Values: Honor, Service, Patriotism 52 52 A-F-P Core Values: Honor, Service, Patriotism.

[Audio] A-F-P Vision 2028: A World-class Armed Forces, Source of National Pride A-F-P Vision 2028: A World-class Armed Forces, Source of National Pride Sample 1 Rule Main clause; conjunctive adverb, main clause Example MGEN UY will be attending the 2nd INTELEX Conference; however, he may send a representative if he is not available on the said date. Sample 2 Rule If a conjunctive adverb is used at the beginning of the sentence then use a comma immediately afterwards. Example Presently, MGEN UY is attending the INTELEX. Sample 3 Rule Sometimes the interruption of flow is weak so a comma isn’t necessary. Example The A-F-P will therefore continue the implementation of its I-P-S-P Campaign Plan “Bayanihan.” f That and Which 1) If the sentence doesn’t need the clause that the word in question is connecting, use which. If it does, use that. a) Use W-H-I-C-H for non-restrictive relative clause. This clause contains extra information that could be left out of the sentence without affecting the meaning or structure. b) Use T-H-A-T for restrictive relative clauses. This clause containing essential information about the noun that comes before it and without the clause the meaning will change. Sample 1 Restrictive The troops were wearing their new combat boots that was recently delivered. Non-restrictive J-S-O-G bought a new equipment, which it will be using in its upcoming operations. Sample 2 Restrictive The issue of “Ang Tala Magazine” that has CSAFP’s picture on the cover is my favorite. Non-restrictive The iPad, which connects to the iCloud, was created by Apple. Another Example: a) The tank, which looked like a box, concerned the soldiers. b) The tank that looked like a box concerned the soldiers. In the first sentence, the tank concerned the soldiers. It also happened to look like a box. In the second sentence the soldiers are concerned with the tank that looks like a box. They aren’t concerned with the one that looks like space ship or any other looking tank. A-F-P Core Values: Honor, Service, Patriotism 53 A-F-P Core Values: Honor, Service, Patriotism 53.

[Audio] A-F-P Vision 2028: A World-class Armed Forces, Source of National Pride A-F-P Vision 2028: A World-class Armed Forces, Source of National Pride Note: A non-restrictive clause is preceded by a comma, so as to set off the extra information, whereas no comma should precede a restrictive clause indicating that the information is essential and not extra. g The Active Voice is preferred over the Passive Voice. 1) When a verb is in active voice its subject acts or does something. In the following examples, the subjects are underlined and the verbs are in bold. Notice that the subjects are acting out the verbs. a) We are building a house for a family of four. b) The dog bit our mail carrier. c) He has fixed our computer twice already. 2) When a verb is in passive voice its subject receives the action or is acted upon. The passive form is often indicated by helping verbs (is, am, are, were, was, been) used with another verb. The word "by" is another clue to identifying the passive form. 3) To change a verb from passive to active voice, make the subject of the passive verb the object of the active verb. The person or thing performing the action then becomes the subject of the new sentence. The verbs in the following examples are underlined. Notice the change from the passive form of the verb to the active form. Sample 1 Passive The novel Frankenstein was written by Mary Shelley. Active Mary Shelley wrote the novel Frankenstein Sample 2 Passive Baby elephants are taught to avoid humans. (By whom are baby elephants taught? Active Adult elephants teach baby elephants to avoid humans. Rule: If a passive verb does not have an object, you have to supply one that will become the subject of the active verb. 3. punctuation marks a Period (.) is also called the full stop. Place it at the end of a complete sentence that makes a statement. 1) There is no space between the last letter and the period. Use one (1) space between the period and the first letter of the next sentence. 2) On the use of periods after middle initials and name suffixes, better adhere to the rules of grammar when addressing civilians and confer to the military style of omitting punctuations for military individuals. A-F-P Core Values: Honor, Service, Patriotism 54 54 A-F-P Core Values: Honor, Service, Patriotism.

[Audio] A-F-P Vision 2028: A World-class Armed Forces, Source of National Pride A-F-P Vision 2028: A World-class Armed Forces, Source of National Pride Sample 1 Wrong Executive Secretary paquito S OCHOA Correct Executive Secretary paquito S OCHOA Sample 2 Wrong General PIO GREGORIO P CATAPANG JR. Correct General PIO GREGORIO P CATAPANG JR b Colon (:) is used to indicate that what follows it is an explanation or elaboration of what precedes it. 1) It has minor uses as follows: a) It is used in writing ratios. In formal communications, it is preferable to write the ratios in words. b) In American usage, it is also used to separate hours and minutes in giving the time of the day. c) It is also used to separate the main title and its sub-title. 2) The colon is never preceded by a space. It is followed by a single space unless the elaboration, explanation or list is presented in bullet form. 3) Chicago Manual of Style begin an independent clause with a lowercase letter unless it's one of those two (2) things – it is a quotation or there is more than one sentence. For the A-P-A Publication Manual always capitalize an independent clause following a colon. Sample 1 Wrong The following procedures were undertaken in accordance with the approved recommendations: 1. an annual conduct of a policy review; 2. a quarterly conduct of performance review; and 3. the reorganization of the units. Correct The following procedures were undertaken in accordance with the approved recommendations: 1. An annual conduct of a policy review; 2. A Quarterly conduct of performance review; and 3. The reorganization of the units. Sample 2 Wrong The recommendations are as follows: 1. incorporate cluster approach; 2. continue undertaking H-A-D-R exercises; and 3. evaluate proposed protocol Correct The recommendations are as follows: 1. Incorporate cluster approach; 2. Continue undertaking H-A-D-R exercises; and 3. Evaluate proposed protocol A-F-P Core Values: Honor, Service, Patriotism 55 A-F-P Core Values: Honor, Service, Patriotism 55.

[Audio] A-F-P Vision 2028: A World-class Armed Forces, Source of National Pride A-F-P Vision 2028: A World-class Armed Forces, Source of National Pride c Semi-colon (;) is used to join two (2) complete sentences into a single sentence. Thus, simply check if the two (2) connected sentences can stand alone. Semi-colon is also used to separate a complex list. In this case, they are used instead of commas to separate the items listed. Sample 1 Wrong The Admiral is still at the office, he intends to stay there. Correct The Admiral is still at the office; he intends to stay there. Sample 2 Wrong Invited guests include the President and his Cabinet, the Republic of Singapore Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary and Defense Attaché, and the Chiefs of Staff of the Southeast Asian countries. Correct Invited guests include the President and his Cabinet; the Republic of Singapore Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary and Defense Attaché; and the Chiefs of Staff of the Southeast Asian countries. d Hyphen (-) connects two things that are intimately related, usually words that function together as a single concept or work together as a joint modifier. There is no space between a hyphen and the character on either side of it. Sample 1 Wrong two – thirds Correct two-thirds e En Dash (which is about half the width or the same as the width of letter "N,") connects things that are related to each other by distance. 1) An example is the phrase, in the May–September issue of a magazine; it’s not a May-September issue, because June, July, and August are also ostensibly included in this range. 2) An en-dash is used to connect values in a range or that are related. It specifies any kind of range, which is why they properly appear in indexes when a range of pages is cited (for example, 147–48). A good rule is to use it when you're expressing a "to" relationship. 3) Examples where an en-dash should be used: a) in years 1939–1945 b) pages 31–32 may be relevant c) New York beat Los Angeles 98–95 A-F-P Core Values: Honor, Service, Patriotism 56 56 A-F-P Core Values: Honor, Service, Patriotism.

[Audio] A-F-P Vision 2028: A World-class Armed Forces, Source of National Pride A-F-P Vision 2028: A World-class Armed Forces, Source of National Pride 4) En dashes are also used to connect a prefix to a proper open compound: for example, pre–World War II. Note: here World War II is a proper noun. Below are other examples and the respective rule. Sample 1 Rule Marks the space between dates in a chronological range Correct  …the stint of General GREGORIO PIO P CATAPANG JR (2014– 2015) Sample 2 Rule in time (Note: This format is only used if the time duration is not the main concern of the letter, say, if it is quoting from another report) Correct  from 6:30–8:45 p.m. Sample3 Rule Placed between numbers and letters in an indexing scheme Correct  table 13–C, CT Statute 144–A. Sample 4 Rule Joins compound modifiers made up of elements that are themselves either open compounds (frequently two-word proper nouns) or already hyphenated compounds Correct  the Australia – Philippines Bilateral Agreement Sample 5 Rule a compound modifier is combined with a participle Correct a foreign exchange – related issue Sample 6 Rule Connects things that are related to each other by distance Correct  May–September Sample 7 Rule Specify any kind of range, which is why they properly appear in indexes when a range of pages is cited Correct 147–148 Sample 8 Rule It connects a prefix to a proper open compound. Note: “pre” is connected to the open compound “General Appropriations Act” and therefore has to do a little extra work (to bridge the space between the two words it modifies—space that cannot be besmirched by hyphens because “General Appropriations Act” is a proper noun) Correct Pre–General Appropriations Act (G-A-A--) f Em Dash (the same width as the letter "M," —) allows, in a manner similar to comma or parentheses, an additional thought to be added within a sentence by sort of breaking away from that sentence. In other words it can be used to separate out phrases—or even just a word—in a sentence (in other words an appositive). 1) Examples where an em-dash should be used: a) School is based on the three R’s—reading, writing, and ’rithmetic. A-F-P Core Values: Honor, Service, Patriotism 57 A-F-P Core Values: Honor, Service, Patriotism 57.

[Audio] A-F-P Vision 2028: A World-class Armed Forces, Source of National Pride A-F-P Vision 2028: A World-class Armed Forces, Source of National Pride b) Against all odds, Pete—the unluckiest man alive—won the lottery. c) I sense something; a presence I've not felt since— 2) It is used to show breaks in thought and shifts in tone; used to emphasize and set off nonessential elements of the sentence. 3) Em dashes also substitute for something missing. For example, in a bibliographic list, rather than repeating the same author over and over again, three consecutive em dashes (also known as a 3-em dash) stand in for the author’s name. 4) In interrupted speech, one or two em dashes may be used: “I wasn’t trying to imply——” “Then just what were you trying to do?” 5) Also, the em dash may serve as a sort of bullet point, as in this todo list: —wash the car —walk the dog —attempt to explain em and en dashes g Comma (,) is a versatile punctuation mark. Considering its many rules, it is best to not overuse the comma. Concentrating on the proper use of commas is not mere form for form's sake. It just causes writers to review their understanding of structure and to consider carefully how their sentences are crafted. Technically, there are four (4) uses of commas: 1) Listing commas are used as a kind of substitute for the word “and”. Sometimes, it substitutes the word “or”. Sample 1 Rule It is used in a list when three or more words, phrases or even sentences are joined by the word “and” or “or”. Correct  J2, J3 and J7 are the attendees to the meeting. Sample 2 Rule As a substitute for the word “and” or “or”, putting a comma before them becomes redundant. This is the British rule; but American English allows it. Put a comma before the word “and” or “or” only when necessary to make the meaning clearer. Correct  My favorite tandems are Yu and Uy, Wi and Wiwi, Kim and Kimi, and Don and Donna. 2) Joining commas are used to join two (2) complete sentences into a single sentence, and it must be followed by a suitable connecting word like for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so (FANBOYS). Note that connecting words like however, therefore, hence, consequently, nevertheless and thus cannot be used after a joining comma. For these words, use a semicolon. A-F-P Core Values: Honor, Service, Patriotism 58 58 A-F-P Core Values: Honor, Service, Patriotism.

[Audio] A-F-P Vision 2028: A World-class Armed Forces, Source of National Pride A-F-P Vision 2028: A World-class Armed Forces, Source of National Pride Sample 1 Wrong  The report of J7 was due last week but it has not been submitted yet. Correct  The report of J7 was due last week, but it has not been submitted yet. Sample 2 Wrong  The employee wants to take advantage of the government rationalization, yet he has trouble meeting the requirements. Correct  The employee wants to take advantage of the government rationalization, yet he has trouble meeting the requirements. 3) Gapping commas are used to show that one or more words have been left out. The missing words when included would simply repeat the words already used earlier in the sentence. Sample 1 Wrong  The Division is the largest infantry unit and the team the smallest. Correct  The Division is the largest infantry unit and the team, the smallest. Sample 2 Wrong  Some officers wanted to base their statement on the merits of the witnesses; others on the merits of the victims. Correct  Some officers wanted to base their statement on the merits of the witnesses; others, on the merits of the victims. 4) Bracketing commas or isolating commas are used to mark a weak interruption of the sentence – in other words, an interruption which does not disturb the smooth flow of the sentence. Normally, they come in pairs. a) If you remove the phrase within the pair of bracketing commas, the sentence should remain complete. Sample 1 Wrong  The soldier groped for his rifle and upon finding it fired one last shot. Correct  The soldier groped for his rifle and, upon finding it, fired one last shot. Sample 2 Wrong  The barge now under the custody of Subic Council for Illegal Entrants highlighted the effectiveness of an interagency approach. Correct  The barge, now under the custody of Subic Council for Illegal Entrants, highlighted the effectiveness of an interagency approach. b) Use a comma to set off a non-defining subordinate clause or an appositive. A-F-P Core Values: Honor, Service, Patriotism 59 A-F-P Core Values: Honor, Service, Patriotism 59.

[Audio] A-F-P Vision 2028: A World-class Armed Forces, Source of National Pride A-F-P Vision 2028: A World-class Armed Forces, Source of National Pride Sample 1 Wrong  The military surgeon, an expert in by-pass operations is up for promotion. Correct  The military surgeon, an expert in by-pass operations, is up for promotion. Sample 2 Wrong  A brilliant leader General Batungbakal is known for lobbying the increase of A-F-P troop ceiling. Correct  A brilliant leader, General Batungbakal is known for lobbying the increase of A-F-P troop ceiling. 5) Other uses a) Use a comma to set off introductory elements. b) Use a comma to set off quoted elements. c) Use a comma to set off phrases that express contrast. Sample 1 Wrong  In line with this the funding was made available. Correct  In line with this, the funding was made available. Sample 2 Wrong  Consequently the armory sustained damages. Correct  Consequently, the armory sustained damages. h The slash (/) is most commonly used as the word substitute for "or" which indicates a choice (often mutually-exclusive) is present. (Examples: Male/Female, Y/N, He/She) 1) The slash is also used to avoid taking a position in a naming controversy, allowing the juxtaposition of both names without stating a preference. 2) There are usually no spaces either before or after a slash: "male/female". Exceptions are in representing the start of a new line when quoting verse, or a new paragraph when quoting prose. Likewise, Chicago Manual of style allows spaces when either of the separated items is a compound that itself includes a space: (Examples: Bajo De Masinloc /Scarborough Shoal) 3) Common Mistake: Slash is used for “and”, not “or”. The following example is wrong. COL … presented the Update on the National Security Situation (Internal/External Threats) to the N-S-C--. Note here that the update is on both Internal and External Threats. A-F-P Core Values: Honor, Service, Patriotism 60 60 A-F-P Core Values: Honor, Service, Patriotism.

[Audio] A-F-P Vision 2028: A World-class Armed Forces, Source of National Pride A-F-P Vision 2028: A World-class Armed Forces, Source of National Pride 4. COMMON ERRORS IN CORRESPONDENCE a Use of “then subsequently: this phrase is considered redundant since “then” and “subsequently” taken separately both mean “soon or immediately after that”. Use “then” or “subsequently” independently, not together. b Use of “call on” – this means “to pay a short visit, or to appeal to”. There are communications using the phrase”…call to…” to refer to a courtesy call or brief visit when the proper phrase is “call on”. c Use of punctuation marks on salutation and complimentary close in civilian letters – use comma only after the salutation if the letter is personal, colon if otherwise. Comma is used after the complimentary close. d Use of “endorsement” type of correspondence addressed to the Secretary of National Defense – there are still correspondence addressed to S-N-D in “endorsement” type. All correspondence addressed to S-N-D shall take the form of a civilian letter. The “endorsement” type shall only be used when such is required as a prescribed format or by the addressee. e “cut and paste” practice – modern technology has made our work more convenient. Routine correspondence, usually on travel or schooling abroad, can now be easily copied from a previous file. However, it was observed that not enough care was put to it. Name or data of previous file were sometimes pasted on the new file “as it is”. It is suggested that proofreading be made on the contents of the correspondence. f Use of “Madam” and Madame” – for consistency and uniformity, use of “Madam” in the salutation of correspondence for women of rank or position is strongly suggested. The word “Madam” is used as a form of respectful or polite address to a woman of rank or position, while the title “Madame” is more informal and is used to address any woman. g Use of acronyms – there are instances where acronyms of institutions, activities et cetera are being used at the start of the body in correspondence. If the word is not familiar to the reader, it should be spelled out followed by its acronym enclosed in parenthesis the first time it is introduced. After which, the succeeding mention of the institution, activity, etc can already be in acronym form. h Use of very long sentences and paragraphs – often, proposed letters addressed to entities outside the A-F-P contain very long sentences and paragraphs. This creates confusion in the reader of the thought of that particular sentence. Studies into readability have shown that the longer and more complex a sentence becomes, the more difficult it is for the reader to understand it. In the case of paragraphs, the traditional rule is: one theme or topic per paragraph. As suggested by experts, a single sentence should not contain more than 21 words and a single paragraph should not exceed four (4) sentences. i The following terms are no longer used in the military correspondence: “RBIT”, “ITC”, “ITCON”, “_____, Request for”, “Per”, “Anent”, “As per”, et cetera A-F-P Core Values: Honor, Service, Patriotism.

[Audio] A-F-P Vision 2028: A World-class Armed Forces, Source of National Pride A-F-P Vision 2028: A World-class Armed Forces, Source of National Pride 5. GUIDELINES IN THE USE OF GENDER-FAIR language IN ALL OFFICIAL COMMUNICATIONS, documents, policies, designations, publications A-N-D manuals IN THE AFP (Letter Directive Nr 25 dtd 08 September 2015) This prescribes the promotion of gender-sensitivity in the A-F-P through the use of gender-fair or non-sexist language in all documents, communications, policies, designations, publications and manuals. a Eliminate the sexual stereotyping in the different designation of the AFP. As Read: Chairman To Read: Chairperson b Amend/change the following terms common in the A-F-P organizations: As Read: Manpower To Read: Human Resource As Read: Enlisted Man/Enlisted Woman To Read: Enlisted Personnel c Eliminate the generic use of he, his or him, unless the antecedent is obviously male by: 1) Using plural nouns: Traditional: The soldier uses his map to guide him. Suggested: The soldiers use their map to guide them. 2) Deleting he, his and him altogether. Reword if necessary. Traditional: The engineer-officer uses his blueprint to guide him. Suggested: The engineer-officer uses a blueprint as a guide. 3) Substituting articles (a, an, the) for his; using who instead of he. Traditional: An officer should know his men well. Suggested: An officer should know the men well. 4) Using one, we or you. Traditional: As one grows older, he becomes more reflective. Suggested: As one grows older, one becomes more reflective. 5) Using the passive voice. Traditional: The Commander must submit his proposal today. Suggested: The proposal must be submitted by the Commander today. A-F-P Core Values: Honor, Service, Patriotism 62 62 A-F-P Core Values: Honor, Service, Patriotism.

[Audio] A-F-P Vision 2028: A World-class Armed Forces, Source of National Pride A-F-P Vision 2028: A World-class Armed Forces, Source of National Pride d Eliminate the generic use of M-A-N--, mankind. Instead, use people, person(s), human(s), human being(s), humankind, humanity, the human race, men and women, we, ourselves. Traditional: ordinary man, mankind, the brotherhood of man Suggested: ordinary people, humanity, human family e Eliminate sexism in symbolic representations of gender in words, sentences and texts by: 1) Taking the context of the word, analyzing its meaning, and eliminating sexism in the concept. Traditional: feelings of brotherhood, feelings of fraternity Suggested: the feelings of kinship and solidarity Traditional: the founding fathers Suggested: the founders, the founding leaders Traditional: the Father of Relativity Theory Suggested: the Founder of the Relativity Theory, the Initiator of Relativity Theory 2) Finding precise words to delineate the thing itself from supposedly sex-linked characteristics. Traditional: The Titanic was a great ship, but she now rests at the bottom of the sea. Suggested: The Titanic was a great ship, but it now rests at the bottom of the sea. f Eliminate sexual stereotyping of roles by using the following terms: 1) Using the same term for both genders when it comes to profession or employment. Traditional: Stewardess Suggested: Flight Attendant Traditional: Salesman Suggested: Sales Agent 2) Using gender fair terms in lexical terms. Traditional: Sportsmanship Suggested: Highest ideals of fair play 3) Treating men and women in a parallel manner. Traditional: I now pronounce you man and wife. Suggested: I now pronounce you husband and wife. A-F-P Core Values: Honor, Service, Patriotism 63 A-F-P Core Values: Honor, Service, Patriotism 63.

[Audio] A-F-P Vision 2028: A World-class Armed Forces, Source of National Pride A-F-P Vision 2028: A World-class Armed Forces, Source of National Pride 4) Avoiding language that reinforces stereotyping images. Traditional: a man’s job, the director’s girl Friday Suggested: a big job, the director’s assistant 5) Avoiding language that catches attention to the sex role of men and women. Traditional: working mothers, spinsters or old maids Suggested: wage-earning mothers, unmarried women Traditional: busboys, chauvinist pigs Suggested: waiters’ assistant, male chauvinists g Other common expressions and their alternatives. Traditional: Draftsman Suggested: Designer, artist Traditional: Fireman Suggested: Fire fighter, fire crew, fire brigade Traditional: Policeman Suggested: Police Officer Traditional: Spokesman Suggested: Spokesperson Traditional: Sportsman Suggested: Athlete h Eliminate sexism when addressing persons formally by: 1) Using Ms instead of Mrs Traditional: Mrs dela Cruz Suggested: Ms dela Cruz 2) Using a married woman’s first name instead of her husband’s. Traditional: Mrs Juan dela Cruz Suggested: Ms Maria Santos-dela Cruz 3) Using the corresponding titles for females. Traditional: Dra. Concepcion Reyes Suggested: Dr Concepcion Reyes A-F-P Core Values: Honor, Service, Patriotism 64 64 A-F-P Core Values: Honor, Service, Patriotism.

[Audio] A-F-P Vision 2028: A World-class Armed Forces, Source of National Pride A-F-P Vision 2028: A World-class Armed Forces, Source of National Pride 4) Using the title of the job or group, in letters to unknown persons. Traditional: Dear Sir Suggested: Dear Editor, Dear Colleague, Dear Credit Manager i In referring to women, avoid words or phrases that seem to imply that M-E-N as the norm and women as the EXCEPTION, or descriptions that would be irrelevant if the subject were male. Example: In a traffic accident where one of the drivers involved was a woman, a taxi driver commented, “She’s a woman, that’s why she drives like that!” j Physical descriptions, sexist references, demeaning gender stereotypes and condescending phrases should not be used. Example: One soldier to another: “Don’t cry. Crying is only for women.” k Do not assume maleness when both sexes are involved. Traditional: Enlisted man, Enlisted woman Suggested: Enlisted personnel A-F-P Core Values: Honor, Service, Patriotism 65 A-F-P Core Values: Honor, Service, Patriotism 65.

[Audio] A-F-P Vision 2028: A World-class Armed Forces, Source of National Pride A-F-P Vision 2028: A World-class Armed Forces, Source of National Pride CHAPTER VI COMMAND GUIDELINES 1. Letterheads for Official Correspondence The following standard letterheads for official correspondence are as follows: a to be used by the C-S-A-F-P only if the official correspondence is addressed to agencies or outside the A-F-P--. Please note that for purposes of uniformity, the font of the body of the letter is in bookman OLD STYLE # 12. Font: Bookman old style, font size: 10 Font: Bookman old style, font size: 11 Font: Bookman old style, bold. font size: 14 Font: Bookman old style, bold, font size: 12 republic OF THE PHILIPPINES department OF national defense A-R-M-E-D ForCES OF THE PHILIPPINES OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF STAFF Camp General Emilio Aguinaldo, Quezon City Font: Bookman old style, font size: 9 b to be used by the C-S-A-F-P only if the official correspondence is addressed to units/commands or offices within the A-F-P--. The font of the body of the letter is in arial # 12. Font: Arial, font size: 12 Font: Arial, font size: 12 Font: Arial, bold, font size: 12 GENERAL headquarters A-R-M-E-D ForCES OF THE PHILIPPINES OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF STAFF Camp General Emilio Aguinaldo, Quezon City Font: Arial, font size: 12 Font: Arial, font size: 12 Font: Arial, font size: 12 c to be used by The Adjutant General, A-F-P in signing official correspondence for the CSAFP. The font of the body of the letter is in arial 12. GENERAL headquarters A-R-M-E-D ForCES OF THE PHILIPPINES Camp General Emilio Aguinaldo, Quezon City Font: Arial, font size: 12 d to be used by the C-S-A-F-P only for letters to the President and the Secretary of National Defense, use the Republic of the Philippines heading format. Uppercase, Bookman Old Style, Size 10, Uppercase, Bookman Old Style, Size 11, Regular letters Uppercase, Bookman Old Style, Size 14, Bold letters Uppercase, Bookman Old Style, Size 12, Bold letters Capitalize the first letter of each word, Bookman Old Style, Size 9 republic OF THE PHILIPPINES department OF national defense.

[Audio] A-F-P Vision 2028: A World-class Armed Forces, Source of National Pride A-F-P Vision 2028: A World-class Armed Forces, Source of National Pride e For letters outside the defense establishment like those addressed to other military and security organizations as well as public and private figures, use the heading with flag format. This is also preferred in the personal letters of the CSAFP. Uppercase, Perpetua Titling MT, Size 13, Bold letters Use the correct colors for the flag. Royal blue at the top, Navy Blue is next and Prussian Green is at the bottom. Uppercase, Perpetua Titling MT, Size 11, Bold letters CHIEF OF STAFF A-R-M-E-D ForCES OF THE PHILIPPINES CAMP GENERAL EMILIO aguinaldo, QUEZON CITY Upper Case, Perpetua Titling MT, Size 9 2. Standard Font and Font Size The use of “Arial 12” is the standard font and font size of all correspondence originating the General Headquarters, A-F-P--. This guidance will rescind the previous instruction for the standard font and font size as referred to Memoranda from the Office of the Secretary Joint Staff dated 22 July 1999, Subject: Standard Format of Communications Originating from GHQ. 3. Using Blue Colored Ink and Ball Point V-1-0 for Signing Documents All documents shall be signed using Blue Colored Ink. This is to distinguish original copies of documents from photocopies. Using Ball Point V-1-0 will distinguish and give decorum for every communications to be signed by the Commander or Head of Office. 4. Using Special Paper for Letters to be Signed/Noted by CSAFP, VCSAFP and TDCSAFP This shall be used by the CSAFP, VCSAFP and TDCSAFP, Major Service/AFPWSSUs/UCs Commanders and their Staff to be sent to higher authorities or outside the A-F-P--. (Ref: S-J-S Memo dated 16 July 2015) 5. Command Authority Line It specifically states that the placement of the command/authority line is typed in capital letters which begin on the second line below the first word of the last line or sentence and that the abbreviations are not allowed. In this connection, you are directed to use the full word “JUNIOR” in the command line of all your correspondence. Example: BY COMMAND OF GENERAL ESPERON junior: A-F-P Core Values: Honor, Service, Patriotism 67 A-F-P Core Values: Honor, Service, Patriotism 67.

[Audio] A-F-P Vision 2028: A World-class Armed Forces, Source of National Pride A-F-P Vision 2028: A World-class Armed Forces, Source of National Pride GUIDE IN PREPARING CSAFP letters TO THE PRESIDENT AND THE secretary OF national defense 1. rationale a The A-F-P corresponds to higher offices through letters. Thus, it is imperative that this is done with care to convey the correct message. More so, the way the letters are crafted reflects much on the sending organization. b The recipient’s prompt action on our letters and reports is desired. This is not possible if the letters and reports are ill-prepared and are not easily understood. Reading the letters many times to understand the message takes much time and effort. It is also very annoying. Worse, the recipient makes wrong decisions simply because the letter was erroneously crafted to convey a message opposite from what was intended. We do justice to the addressee if our letters are easily understood and can be acted upon immediately. c Our correspondence passes through the mill. The staffs of the addressees are schooled. They arrange letters and reports according to what would give their bosses the least headache. Properly constructed letters and reports are often at the top ready to be read and signed (prioritized). Poorly crafted and confusing letters will be returned without action for further editing and this will further delay the “urgent” communication. d Addressees are high ranking government officials. A decent letter addressed to them conveys respect for their professionalism and their position. Since our letters to the President are coursed through S-N-D--, we jeopardize his position for sending letters that are badly constructed (the letters indirectly reflect him as the head of the A-F-P and of course, the Chief of Staff as well). e There is a need to professionalize the A-F-P communication system by adhering to the rules of grammar. The A-F-P is widely known in the civilian circle, especially in other government offices, to have poor communication skills simply because we do not make the effort to improve. We tend to stick to traditional practices of writing citing internal military language to justify our reputation. The fact is that we are writing to civilian officers, not military ones. f Some would even say that as long as it is understood “pwede na yan”. Indeed, with the time requirement and the voluminous documents to draft and correct, the assertion “pwede na yan” may seem logical; but it is not. This document intends to guide the writers so the drafted letters will already be correct in form and content when it goes out of their shop. Corrected at this point, volume will not be a problem. Time spent for a single communication, in the long run, is reduced. A-F-P Core Values: Honor, Service, Patriotism 68 68 A-F-P.

[Audio] A-F-P Vision 2028: A World-class Armed Forces, Source of National Pride 2. ON THE ForM OF THE basic parts OF A letter. a Date Line 1) The civilian format is used in A-F-P letters to the President and the Secretary of National Defense. As such, the A-F-P rule on reflecting date in the sequence of day, month, and year becomes inappropriate. Thus, the date must be reflected in sequence of month, day, and year. Sample 1 Sample 3 Wrong 15 August 2014 Wrong 0900H Correct August 15, 2014 Correct 9:00 a.m. Sample 2 Sample 4 Wrong August 09, 2014 Wrong 0900H to 1000H Correct August 9, 2014 Correct 9:00 a.m. to 10:00 a.m. 2) A common mistake is the line space or blank line between the heading line and the date line. It must be two (2) line spaces. This is often overlooked and not given due attention. At times, the drafter unknowingly punch the keyboard for two (2) line spaces unmindful that the set default is double spaced or one and half space. In this case, the line spaces are bigger. 3) Initially, the dates are not reflected on the letters for C-S-A-F-P signature. The dates are reflected only after C-S-A-F-P has signed the letter. In this case, there should be a total of four (4) line spaces between the Heading and Inside Address. b Inside Address or Addressee Title Case and Uppercase for name, Bookman Old Style, Size 12, Bold letters 1) For the President President rodrigo R duterte Office of the President Malacañan Palace, Manila Title Case, Bookman Old Style, Size 12, Regular letters Title Case and Uppercase for name, Bookman Old Style, Size 12, Bold letters 2) For the Secretary of National Defense Secretary delfin N lorenzana Department of National Defense Camp General Emilio Aguinaldo Quezon City Title Case, Bookman Old Style, Size 12, Regular letters A-F-P Core Values: Honor, Service, Patriotism 69.

[Audio] A-F-P Vision 2028: A World-class Armed Forces, Source of National Pride 3) The President shall be addressed in all official communications, events, or materials as “PRESIDENT” only, and without the term “His Excellency.” 4) All members of the Cabinet shall be addressed in all official communications submitted to Office of the President as “Secretary” only, and without the term “Honorable.” 5) For the Addressee lines, all are single spaced. c Salutation (Greeting) 1) For the President a) General Rule  His Excellency: (very formal, official)  Mr President: (formal)  Dear Mr President: (informal) Title Case, Bookman Old Style, Size 12, Bold letters b) Coordinated Military Usage Note the use of colon  Dear Mister President: 2) For the Secretary of National Defense Colon and Dear are not in bold font a) General Rule  Sir:/Madam: (formal)  Dear Mr Minister: (informal  Madam Minister: (informal) Title Case, Bookman Old Style, Size 12, Bold letters b) Coordinated Military Usage Note the use of colon  Dear Secretary Lorenzana: Colon and Dear are not in bold font d Body 1) Overall, the coordinated font to use is Bookman Old Style using size 12. 2) Leave one (1) space after each word. Likewise, use only one space following periods, commas, semicolons, colons, exclamation points, question marks, and quotation marks. Use no spaces on either side of a hyphen. Leaving one space between words and sentences is so obvious but a very common mistake, which affect paragraph justification or alignment from left to right. 70 A-F-P Core Values: Honor, Service, Patriotism.