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Uploaded: 2022-04-28
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Description: . . KWAME NKRUMAH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY.

. . KWAME NKRUMAH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. 

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KWAME NKRUMAH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

. . INTRODUCTION. Bribery and Corruption are constant in society and through all civilizations; however, it has only been in the past 20 years that this phenomenon has begun being seriously explored. They have many different shapes as well as many various effects, both on the economy and the society at large. Bribery and Corruption started in the early days and the Bible considers both as not peccadillos but a predominate subject. There are some Bible verses that talk about bribery and corruption. Some are;. 

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Bribery and Corruption are constant in society and through all civilizations; however, it has only been in 
the past 20 years that this phenomenon has begun being seriously explored. They have many different 
shapes as well as many various effects, both on the economy and the society at large. Bribery and 
Corruption started in the early days and the Bible considers both as not peccadillos but a predominate 
subject. There are some Bible verses that talk about bribery and corruption. Some are;

• 
“a wicked man accepts a bribe behind the back to pervert the ways of justice”. (Proverbs 17:23)

• 
“And the priests offer money to the guards at Jesus’ tomb in order to persuade them to lie 
about the resurrection” (Matthew 28:12)

• 
“You shall not take a bribe, for a bribe blinds the clear sighted and subverts the cause of the 
just” (Exodus 23:8)

There are some sections in Ghana’s Criminal code 1960 ((Act 29) that talks about bribery and corruption. 
Some are;

• 
Section 239 to section 245 of the Criminal code 1960 (Act 29) talks about corruption by a public 
officer, his explanation, acceptance of bribe and corrupt agreement for lawful consideration.

• 
Section 252 to section 255 also talks about giving bribe to influence public officers, corrupt 
promise by judicial officer and corrupt selection of Judicial officer.

The word “Corruption” is derived from the Latin word “ corruptus”, which means “corrupted” and in 
legal terms it means the abuse of entrusted power or position of authority for private material or social 
gain at the expense of others. Corruption mostly exists where is community indifference or a lack of 
enforcement policies. Corruption compromises the rights and privileges of others.

The word “Bribery” is derived from the Old French word “briber or brimber” which was later transferred 
to the late Middle English as “bribe”.

Bribery can be defined as money or a gift given to a person to make a difference in a person ‘s 
judgement or behavior. Bribery requires two parties, the person who offers the bribe and the person 
that accepts the bribe. Briber can be seen to encourage some level of effectiveness and help reduce the 
rate of bureaucratic constraints. Bribery kills the moral fabric of the society and causes confusion on the 
business ethics. A bribe can be disguised as a gift, money, property, privilege, or even a personal favor.

• 
A manufacturing firm paying foreign officials, money for preferential treatment or to smuggle 
unregistered goods across a border.

• 
A professional sports franchise bribes an official for preferential treatment or to fix the outcome 
of the contest.

• 
A contractor guaranteeing an elected official a percentage in kickback money in exchange for a 
large public infrastructure contract

. . CAUSES OF BRIBERY AND CORRUPTION. Although bribery and corruption vary from country to country, it is possible to identify some of the main causes of bribery and corruption common in all countries, among the worst affected. Some of the common factors contributing to the development of corruption are: the political and economic environment, ethics and professional ethics, and only social factors such as culture, customs and traditions.. 

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Although bribery and corruption vary from country to country, it is possible to identify some of 
the main causes of bribery and corruption common in all countries, among the worst affected. 
Some of the common factors contributing to the development of corruption are: the political 
and economic environment, ethics and professional ethics, and only social factors such as 
culture, customs and traditions.

• 
Political and Economic space;  
The corruption is strongly influenced by the political and economic climate. The more economic 
activity in a country is controlled and limited, the greater the authority and power of 
decisionmakers and the greater the likelihood of corruption, as people are willing to pay or pay 
to avoid borders. The greatest potential for corruption exists, especially when officials are under 
the rule of law and are given the opportunity to make their own decisions.

• 
Professional ethics and law;  
Lack of practical ethics and inadequate laws governing corruption as a criminal offense, as well 
as persecution and justification are also important factors in the emergence and spread of 
corruption. The biggest impact also comes from the unsuccessful punishment of corruption 
which only increases the likelihood of continuing the corrupt practices of those involved, 
creating a strong possibility that others will participate in corruption as a result of this 
ineffective punishment.

• 
Failure to prosecute;  
Oftentimes and sadly so rampant, people are not prosecuted for corruption but dismissed by 
their employers in some countries in Africa like Ghana. The failure to prosecute embolden 
others to participate in corrupt practices. In instances where corrupt people are prosecuted, the 
sentences meted out do not serves as a deterrent for others. After serving, some go back to the 
same organizations and engage in more egregious practices because he or she knows that the 
sentences won’t be huge.

• 
Public and private sector dysfunctionality;  
The cumulative effect of individual corrupt acts is dysfunctionality. Whether offered by the 
public or private sectors, the quality of goods and services decrease, and the process of 
obtaining them becomes more expensive, time consuming and unfair. If bribes can successfully 
be offered to police, doctors, and civil servants, then those who are most successful at 
extracting these funds gets ahead to the detriment of more honest colleagues and competitors 
who may perform better on merit.  
Moreover, corporations lose the incentive to offer better services and products if they can 
undermine competitors through obtaining political favors.

. . • Corruption can reduce tax revenue by compromising the state’s ability to collect taxes and levies, although the result, depending on how taxes are levied and other regulatory responsibilities selected by officials which has been exposed to corruption.. 

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• 
Corruption can reduce tax revenue by compromising the state’s ability to collect taxes and 
levies, although the result, depending on how taxes are levied and other regulatory 
responsibilities selected by officials which has been exposed to corruption.

• 
Bribery and Corruption tend to drive the formation of government spending on fixed assets 
needed for health and education, as there are fewer opportunities to get commissions than in 
others, perhaps unnecessary jobs.

• 
Review anti-bribery and anti-corruption policies                                                                                
Make sure employees understand your company’s rules and expectations about bribery and 
corruption. They need to know what is acceptable and unacceptable about gifts, hospitability, 
donations, sponsorships and You need to provide regular bribery training to stay alert.

• 
Find the tone from the top  
Awareness of employees on anti-bribery policies is part of the story. Creating a culture of 
bribery requires a clear and consistent set of messages from above.  
Everyone from the Board of Directors, the business owner and the law enforcement officer 
should make it clear that they will not tolerate bribery and corruption and that anyone found 
guilty will face the highest penalties.  
However, the most important thing is that the top people seem to be doing what they preach 
and believe in the importance of anti-bribery training will not be taken seriously.

• 
Embed Anti-bribery and Corruption (ABAC) principles in business culture  
See Anti-bribery and corruption (ABAC) for company books, reports and training. Predict the 
basic rules in advance by incorporating ABAC clauses in all supplier contracts, as well as the 
appropriate clauses for the termination of the alleged infringement.  
Lastly, consult with staff on how important they are in preventing bribery and empower them to 
participate in enforcing compliance- for example, by defining reporting procedures and red flag 
to consider.

• 
Conduct due diligence on all third parties  
The anti-bribery laws to all your third- party companies, thus any agents, consultants and 
partners, and anyone else who represents your company. You have a legal obligation to inspect 
and verify these organizations.  
This means using adequate systems and controls to ensure that third parties are the ones to 
claim to be, have the right information and authorization at the senior management level. It is a 
good idea to make sure that all organizations, including, buyers, suppliers and investors are not 
on the sanctions list to ensure that you comply with the sanction rules.

• 
Report bribery and corruption concerns immediately.  
If employees have witnessed or suspected bribery, they should know how and to whom to 
report. They should be able to talk to their or report on the procedures established by your 
reporting company.  
It should also be clear to the employees that it is not their job to investigate their concerns. They 
should stop investigating the appropriate channels.  
Bribery is a very serious problems that can lead to large fines in companies and individuals and 
even imprisonment. Don’t let this becomes a reality in your business.

. . CONCLUSION. From our interview, the interviewee sighted an example from the Bible about when. 

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From our interview, the interviewee sighted an example from the Bible about when

Judas took a bribe in the form of silver coins to betray Jesus Christ and he talked about how as 
children we took bribes from our brothers and keep quiet about an offense they’ve committed. 
So here, the silver coins influenced Judas’ decision. He made mention of the numerous solutions 
available to curb bribery and corruption which have been put in place for about 20years and yet 
there are still a lot of cases on bribery and corruption. With this, he then concluded that the 
solutions explained above cannot curb bribery and corruption totally but rather can reduce it.  
  
Therefore, based on all the facts, interview, videos, examples and cases on bribery and

corruption, we can say bribery and corruption cannot be curbed but can be reduce.

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