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Circulatory sy,stem
( Cardiovasculårsyitem )

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The Cardiovascular system includes the heart , blood vessels , lymphatic
vessels
1. The heart: located in the thoracic cavity , between the lungs and deep to the
sternum.
*Gross Anatomy of the Heart:-
pericardium .
Structure of Pericardium
1 -The fibrous pericardium
2-The serous pericardium
3-pericardial cavity
The heart is enclosed in a double-walled sac called
Heart
Pericardial nuid
Peri card i u

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Chamber of heart
RIGHT ATRIUM
Receives deoxygenated
blood from the body via
SVC, IVC and coronary sinus
RIGHT VENTRICLE
Receives deoxygenated
blood from right atrium via
Right atrioventricular orifice
and sends it to lungs via
Pulmonary trunk.
Arch of ao
LEFT ATRIUM
Receives oxygenated
blood from the lungs via
pulmonary veins.
Pulmonary veins
LEFT VENTRICLE
Receives oxygenated blood
from left atrium via Left
atrioventricular orifice and
sends it to body via aorta.

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b.The Heart wall:-
A) The epicardium: is The inner layer of the pericardium that is in
contact with the surface of the heart.
B) The myocardium: is the muscular middle layer of the wall of the
heart
C) The endocardium : a thin serous membrane lining the cavities of
the heart
Slide 64, Heart
Epicardium
Endocardium
The Layers Of the Heart Walt
Epicardium
Outer protective layer
Myocardiur
Muscular midc
layer
Endocardium
Thin inner layer
• — 4ghtCo.

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2. Blood vessels:
include arteries, veins and capillaries. And consist three layers
or tunics.
The tunica intima or inner layer: it is the innermost layer of the arteries and
a.
veins , composed ofa thin layer of endothelial cells and it's lines the entire
circulatory system.
b. The tunica rnedia or rniddle layer :it is formed by a layer of smooth muscle
and variable arnounts of connective tissue.
The tunica adventitia or outer layer: which consist mainly of connective
c.
tissue fibers
a rtery
tunica adventitia
tunica media
tunica intima
endothelium
internal elastic
rnembrane
vein
•r

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Arteries:-are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart The walls
of arteries are thicker than that of veins consist of three type:-
a. Large elastic arteries
b. Middle sized muscular arteries
c. small arteries and arterioles
Capillaries:- Capillaries connect arterioles with venules. capillaries are
comprised of only one layer of endothelial cells, and therefore, capillaries
only have a tunica intima, There is no media or adventitia.
Veins:- are blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart. Most veins
carry deoxygenated blood from the tissues back to the heart.

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The veins contain three types:-
a. Largest veins
b. Small to medium-sized veins
c. Venules
Vein
carries
blood back
to ward
the heart
Capillary
network
Venule
Thin. elastic
muscular wan
Arteriole
Artery
carries blood
from the
heart
T%ick. elastic
muscular wall

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types of blood circulation :
Pulmonary circulation : conveys
blood from the heart to the lung and
from the lung to the heart .
Systemic circulation :- conveys
blood from the heart to other tissues
of the body and from other tissues to
the heart
Pulmonary arteries
Vena cavae
Right atrium
Right ventricle
Systemic veins
Oxygen poor,
C02 - rich blood
Pulmonary circuit
Systemic circuit
Capillary bed of lungs where
gas exchange occurs
Pulmonary veins
Aorta and branches
Left atrium
Left ventricle
Systemic arteries
Oxygen rich,
C02 - poor blood
Capillary bed
of all body
tissues where
gas exchange
occurs

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The difference between arteries and veins :-
Arteries
Carries blood away from the heart
They are thick walled
Have no valves
Smaller diameter than veins
Are more muscular
Veins
Carries blood toward the heart
They are thin walled
Have valves
Larger diameter than arteries
Are less muscular

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