Lip Products

Lip Products. Reported by: Ginez , Jalani , Lim.

Classification of lip cosmetics:. Lipstick Lip Balms Lip glosses Lip liner or lip pencil Lip Plumper.

Lipstick. Lipsticks used to impart an attractive color & glossy moisture appearance to the lips. Lipstick is a cosmetic product containing pigments, oils, waxes, and emollients that apply color, texture, and protection to the lips..

Raw materials used in lipstick. Waxes Oils Pigments and Dyes Alcohol and Fragrance Preservatives and antioxidants.

wax. Wax provides the structure to the solid lipstick. Lipsticks may be made from several waxes such as beeswax, ozokerite and candelilla wax. Because of its high melting point, carnauba wax is a key ingredient in terms of strengthening the lipstick The solid components of the formulation are mostly natural waxes which may be classified as follows: The hydrocarbon waxes: Example: White bees wax The mineral waxes: Example: Ozokerite , ceresine Hard waxes: Example: Carnauba wax, candelilla wax, hard paraffin etc. Micro crystalline waxes.

Hydrocarbon waxes. White Bees wax: It is a so known as the common wax and forms the oily base in the formulation of lipsticks. Source : It is naturally obtained from honey combs of the honey bee Apis mellifera . Melting Point: the ranges between 62 - 65°C. Concentration : It is used in concentrations of about 3-10% of the total formulation. Available Forms: It is available in the form of blocks, pills, slabs and cakes. The commercially available bleached form is widely used. It forms an important base and is extensively used for entrapping castor oil. It has good plastic property and can be readily deformed when it is warmed. It is used as a traditional stiffening agent for lipsticks. It forms a good base in the formulation of moulded products..

Advantages: 1 . It is compatible with vegetable minerals and animal waxes. 2 . It can be moulded into required form. Disadvantage : - When it is used at a concentration of more than 20%, it forms a dull film on the surface of the lips. It is usually mixed along with other waxes such as Ozokerite wax, carnauba wax and candelilla wax ..

mINERAL WAXES. -They are not popular and have been replaced by the microcrystalline waxes but still used with the same names. They are: Ozokerite Wax: Source: It is a type of amorphous hydrocarbon obtained naturally, from bituminous products. Melting Points: It is available in various grades with melting point ranging between 56°C 82°C. Concentration: It is used in a concentration range of between 5 to 10%. Uses: It is used in order to increase the Melting point of the base. It is also efficient in promoting the formulation of a fine crystalline wax gel and thus ensures the maximum retention of the Oil matrix. It can be easily transformed into required shapes. Advantage: It is easily available in various grades. Disadvantage: It may be subjected to adulteration..

Ceresine Wax: Source : It is also obtained naturally from the bituminous products like the Ozokerite wax . Melting Point: The melting point range is between 60-75°C. Uses : 1 . It is used as stiffening agents to provide firmness to the finished product. 2 . It is used to increase melting point of the base..

Hard Waxes. These waxes are mainly responsible for the shape and the hardness of the lipsticks. They include the following waxes, Candelilla Wax: Source : It is obtained from Euphorbiaceae plants such a Euphorbia cerifera and Euphorbia antisyphilitica . The extraction involves the immersing of the plant in boiling water containing sulfuric acid and later skimming off the wax that rises to the surface. Melting Point Its melting point ranges between 65°C 75°C. Uses : It is used to increase the hardness and melting point of the product either alone or in combination with carnauba wax..

Carnauba Wax: Source : It is obtained as exudates from the pores of the leaves of the Brazilian wax palm tree Copernicia prunifera . The extraction involves cutting, drying and heating of the leaves. Melting Point: Its melting point ranges between 81 to 90°C. Available Forms: It is available in three colors yellow, gray and brown. It is available in hard forms and soft forms. Uses: It is used to provide rigidity to the stick. It is used in modest proportion in order to ensure high melting points. It helps in moulding by shrinking the stick away from the surface of the mould in order to aid easy removal. Disadvantage: It is not miscible with the other waxes and remain as a separate solid phase due to its high melting point..

Hard Paraffin: Source : It may be present as a purified blend of several solid Hydrocarbon bases that are obtained from petroleum. Melting Point: Its melting point ranges between 55°C - 65°C. Uses : It is occasionally used in minor quantities to improve the gloss of the finished products. Imparts rigidity to the product. Disadvantage : It has limited solubility in the castor oil and hence doesn't dissolve and may provide a greasy look..

Microcrystalline Waxes. They are the hydrocarbons containing a long carbon chain. Melting Point: They have wide melting points ranging between 60°C to 120°C. Uses : They help in maintaining the crystal structure of the lipstick and hence may prevent the sweating. Disadvantage : They possess low solubility in the castor oil..

Oils. It is the addition of oil that gives lipstick its shine and translucent effect. Different types of oils, like castor oil, vegetable oil, lanolin and mineral oil are used in lipsticks..

Mineral Oils: They consist of a blend of hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum source. They may be available as either light mineral oils or heavy mineral oils. They are mostly used in order to impart gloss to the product rather than their solvent property. They are used in concentrations of less than 5% and are not rancid. Vegetable Oils: The vegetable oils used may be sesame oil and olive oil. The vegetable oils provides low solubility towards staining dyes and hence less commonly used. Castor Oil: It is obtained from the seeds of the castor plant, Ricinus communis . It forms a most valuable lipstick base. It may be used in concentration of 40 - 50% of the total formulation. It has high viscosity and good dissolving power. It possesses stability towards oxidation. It is widely compatible with other ingredients. Lanolin It is also referred to as hydrous wool fat. It is used in minor quantities in order to improve the covering properties of the film. It contains 25-30% of water and may result in sticky and greasy products. It aids in the dispersion of colored pigments..

Pigments and Dyes. These are used in lipsticks to impart the desired color or shade to the lipstick. The dyes used in a lipstick include bismuth oxychloride , manganese violet, titanium dioxide, D&C Red No. 6, D&C Red No. 21,.

The commonly used colourants for lipsticks:. Carmine : It was extensively used in the past and is obtained as carminic acid from the cochineal insects by extracting the insects with ammonia. The carminic acid obtained is precipitated with alum and is dried and used. Dye Stuff Stains: They include eosin dyes and provide a long lasting effect on the lips by retaining the color on the lip cells. They are: Eosin Dye: It is used to impart orange red colour to the lips. Acid Eosin Dye: It has orange colour and may change to intense red colour at acidic pH of 4. But they may to toxic effects such as allergic reactions or cheilitis and hence used alone with bromo acids. Pigmented Stains: They form dispersion in the solvent base. They may be either organic or inorganic. They are used in combination with metallic lakes in order to improve the intensity of the colour ..

Lakes They are potential pigments of many of the D and C colours . They may be adsorbed on the aluminium hydroxides, barium oxides, calcium oxides etc . Example : Aluminium lakes, barium or calcium lakes, strontium lakes. They are used at concentrations of about 8-10%. Pearlescent Pigments: They are used to impart nacreous or a pearl like appearance to the product when applied on the lips. The natural pearlescent pigments may be guanine crystals obtained from fish scales. Bismuth oxychloride in 70 % castor oil may also provide a lustrous look. Opacifying Agent: It is used for opacifying or whitening of lipsticks. It can also alter the basic shade of the pigment. Various shades can he obtained by, varying the proportions. Example: Titanium Dioxide..

Alcohol and Fragrances. Alcohol is used as a solvent for the wax and oils used in making lipsticks. Fragrance is used for imparting a pleasant scent to the lipstick and to mask the smell of other ingredients. Light floral fragrances can be used in lipsticks. They include rose oil, cinnamon oil, lavender oil etc. The fruity flavours that cover fatty odour of the oily waxes may also be used. They should be tasteless, non-irritating and compatible..

Butyl Stearates They are useful for the dispersion of colour though they possess less solubility. They can readily wet the colouring pigments. They are odourless and free from rancidity. Propylene Glycol It is non-toxic and possesses a sweet taste. It has good wetting property towards high colouring stains. It is always used in combination with other monoesters of propylene glycol . Isopropyl Maleate ( IPM) It is used in concentration of 2.3% to increase lip gloss. It acts as a co-solvent along with mineral oil and helps in increasing lip gloss..

Preservatives and Antioxidants. Preservatives and antioxidants are added to the lipstick to increase its shelf life and to prevent it from becoming stale or rancid. They are used to increase life period of the product by reducing the microbial growth. Though they are anhydrous preparations, preservatives such as methyl paraben and propyl paraben may be commonly used. The concentration of the preservative should not exceed 0.1%. Antioxidants The ingredients used in the formulation may be susceptible to oxidation. This may result in the degradation of the product. Thus, antioxidants are added in order to prevent oxidation of the ingredients. The commonly used antioxidants are butylated hydroxyl anisole (BHA), butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT), tocopherol , propyl gallate , butylated hydroxyl quinines etc..

Harmful Effects of Lipsticks. Toxin Ingestion Toxicity is caused when manganese, cadmium, chromium, and aluminum accumulate in the body. Skin Allergies A chemical called bismuth oxychloride is used to preserve lipsticks. The carcinogenic property of this ingredient is extremely harmful and can cause allergies. Cancer The preservatives used in lipsticks can cause major damage such as skin irritation, wheezing, coughing, and irritation of the eyes. Renal Failure The heavy metals present in lipsticks can cause organ damage and dangerous diseases. Very high content of cadmium causes renal failure. Stomach tumours are caused by frequent application of lipstick..

advantages. Improve your complexion Moisturize the lips.

disadvantages. Lip color becomes darker Easy to lead poisoning Cause the lip skin to become sensitive Dry mouth and skin.

Lip glosses. They are intended to add shine to the lips, and may also add a tint of color, as well as being scented or flavored..

LIP liner or lip pencil. Is intended to fill uneven areas on the outer edges of the lips after applying lipstick. It is also used to outline the lips..

Lip Balm. Are most often used to moisture and protect the lips. They often contain SPF protection..

Lip plumper. It is used to give the lips enhanced, fuller look. Lip plumper is distributed as a viscous liquid applied to the lips with a roller or brush applicator..