Learning theories

[Audio] Today we will unravel the mysteries of learning theories.

[Audio] Learning is defined as “a process that brings together personal and environmental experiences and influences for acquiring enriching or modifying one’s knowledge skills values attitudes behavior and world views”.

Behaviorism Connectivism Humanism Cognitive Constructivism.

[Audio] Behaviorism theory emerged in the early 20th century and focuses on observable and measurable behaviors. It holds that the behavior is shaped by environmental factors ( rewards & punishments ) Behaviorists believe that by understanding and manipulating these factors they can change or modify behavior in predictable ways.

BEHAVIORISM LEARNING THEORY Studies measurable and observable behaviors that are repeated until automatic Guide Students in mastering a set Of predictable skills Or behaviors Create measureable learning outcomes Memory is hardwired by repeated experiences tangible rewards and informative feedback Best with task-based learning.

[Audio] To implement this type of learning we need a reward system and assign more points for some activities than others students are reinforced for putting their efforts into the correct priorities. We give students ongoing feedback to point out what they’re doing well and where they need improvement.

[Audio] Cognitive theory of learning is the process through which individuals gain knowledge and understanding through thought experience and the senses. It emphasizes the role of mental processes in acquiring and organizing knowledge. This approach focuses on the active involvement of the leaner in the learning process The human mind is like the computer where the information comes in processed then leads to certain outcomes..

Cognitivism Learning Theories: A teachers guide. undefined.

Cognitive learning theory: benefits and examples.

[Audio] How Ideas enters the brain and they are organized with chunking away useless material and segmenting information into fragment to reduce the redundance and hence enhancing beneficial knowledge.

[Audio] Examples of cognitive learning are problem solving concept mapping and hypothesising.

HOW TEACHERS CAN USE COGNITIVE THEORY IN THE CLASSROOM? - Oswaal Books – Oswaal Books and Learning Pvt Ltd.

For introducing new information, teacher uses old information. Exposes the students to underlying interrelationships to help students come with new conclusions Using both text & picture or sound while instructing gives the student better chance for remembering. Using technology. Use graphics & schematic way. Give opportunities to the students to be active.

Comparing Learning Theories.

[Audio] Another theory much in practice is constructivism. It is a philosophy of learning founded on the premise that by reflecting on our experiences we construct our own understanding of the world we live in. It is “based on a type of learning in which the learner forms or construct much of what she learns or comprehend.

[Audio] Constructivism is the idea that learning doesn’t just happen by the traditional methods of teachers standing in front of the class and lecturing It is best described by Confucius’ quote: “I hear and I forget. I see and I remember. I do and I understand.”.

[Audio] What was said about constructivism Vygotsky theorized that a child’s cultural upbringing greatly effects their learning development John Dewey Believed that learning should be engaging to the students… they will learn better if they are interested.

[Audio] Piaget also theorised the cognition into 4 stages Sensorimotor Preoperational Concrete Operational Formal Operational.

[Audio] What is the Role of learner? “Inferences elaborations and relationships between old perceptions and new ideas must be personally drawn by the student for the new idea to become an integrated useful part of his/her memory. In the classroom students must work on building upon the knowledge they already have. What is the role of instructor? “prompt students to formulate their own questions” “allow multiple interpretations and expressions of learning” “encourage group work and the use of peers as resources”.

[Audio] Another theory we have is of Connectivism Connectivism as a pedagogical theory is typically thought of in terms of networks the making and traversing of connections. Unlike traditional educational modalities in which people work collaboratively. In a connectivism model people work cooperatively..

[Audio] Dilenbourgh in 1995 make a distinction between cooperation and collaboration. He stated that Collaboration is where everybody works together in a coordinated fashion on a single objective while Cooperation is when people work independently on individual objectives but in a shared environment or with shared resources.

[Audio] What is The Effect of Connectivism? School becomes personal learning There is not a single body of content to be learned Students learn not the same thing but different things The emphasis is on the communication and interaction The process is what Papert called ‘constructionism’.

Connectivism:. New instructional media, web software and design http://www.synergic3.com Open educational content, content repositories and content syndication: http://www.downes.ca/news/OLDaily.htm Design and development of massive open online courses http://change.mooc.ca Semantic web and structured descriptions : network theory as it applies to the design of learning environments.

[Audio] Connectivism enables people to pursue their own personal interests in their own way but more importantly open educational resources or O-E-R-s have become the medium of communication. We need to view O-E-R-s not as resources created by publishers at great cost but as created by learners to interact with each other The role of professionals and publishers becomes the production of ‘seed OERs’.

[Audio] If we look at our education we realise that education is not about remembering a body of predefined content It is about the citizens communicating what they know with each other If follows that O-E-R-s are necessary for this democratic vision of education The owners of education are the citizens of a society not the governments and corporations.

[Audio] Lastly we have the theory of humanism. As the great scholar and poet of the last century Rabindranath Tagore rightly said: Where the mind is without fear and the head is held high. Where knowledge is free Where the world has not been broken up into fragments by narrow domestic walls. Happiness will come from building a bond amongst the society with the help of a sustainable value..

Thank you..

REFERENCES. Suzanne M.Wilson, Penelope L.Peterson.Theories of Learning and Teaching What Do They Mean for Educators? National Education Association;July 2006; https://books.google.co.in/books/about/Theories_of_learning_and_teaching.html?id=5kEmAQAAIAAJ&redir_esc=y https://www.unesco.org/en/transforming-lives-through-education https://india.un.org/en/162946-education-not-learning-facts-training-minds-think Brooks, Jaqueline, and Martin Brooks. "Constructivism." Funderstanding: Education and Training for Active Learners. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Apr. 2010. <http://www.funderstanding.com/content/constructivism>. Cashman, Thomas J., Glenda A. Gunter, Randolph E. Gunter, and Gary B. Shelly. Teachers Discovering Computers: Integrating Technology and Digital Media in the Classroom, Fourth Edition (Shelly Cashman Series). 4 ed. Cambridge: Course Technology, 2005. Print. "Constructivism as a Paradigm for Teaching and Learning." THIRTEEN. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Apr. 2010. <http://www.thirteen.org/edonline/concept2class/constructivism/index_sub2.html>. Hanley, Susan. "On Constructivism." Townson. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Apr. 2010. <www.towson.edu/csme/mctp/Essays/Constructivism.txt>. Smith, Mark. " jerome bruner and the process of education ." contents @ the informal education homepage. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Apr. 2010. <http://www.infed.org/thinkers/bruner.htm>. "Vygotsky and Social Cognition." Funderstanding: Education and Training for Active Learners. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Apr. 2010. <http://www.funderstanding.com/content/vygotsky-and-social-cognition>. Papert and Freire on the Future of School http://www.papert.org/articles/freire/freirePart1.html.