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Guide for R&M welding engineers to re-understand the solidification , cooling curves and phase diagrams before attending Iron-Carbon phase diagram.

Presentation by Biranchi Narayan Biswal. Regional Manager Ador Fontech Ltd

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Components are pure metals and/or compounds of which  an alloy is composed. For example, in a copper–zinc  brass, the components are Cu and Zn. It refers to a  independent chemical species . The  components of a system may be elements, ions or  compounds. A component can exist in many phases. Water exists as ice, liquid water, and water vapor. Carbon exists as graphite and diamond.

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A solution (liquid or solid) is phase with more than one component;  a mixture is a material with more than one phase. Solute (minor component of two in a solution) does not change the  structural pattern of the solvent, and the composition of any solution  can be varied. In mixtures, there are different phases, each with its own atomic  arrangement. It is possible to have a mixture of two different  solutions! For many alloy systems and at some specific temperature, there is a   maximum concentration of solute atoms that may dissolve in the  solvent to form a solid solution ; this is called a  solubility limit. The addition of solute in excess of this solubility limit results in the  formation of another solid solution or compound	that has a  distinctly different composition.

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Disordered Substitutional  Solid   Solution

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Important information, useful in materials development and  selection, obtainable from a phase diagram. It shows  phases present at different compositions and  temperatures  under slow cooling (equilibrium) conditions. It indicates equilibrium solid solubility of one element /  compound in another. It  suggests temperature at which an alloy starts to solidify   and the range of solidification. It signals the temperature at which different phases  start to  melt. Amount of each phase in a two-phase mixture can be  obtained

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COOLING CURVE FOR BINARY SOLID SOLUTIONS.

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t
1500
1400
13
1100
1000
10830
TIME
cu 100%
Ni 00/0
BO Cu/0Ni
1900
11350
TIME
cu
Ni 200/0
OCu140Ni
12800
12100
TIME
cu
Ni 400/0
40CulSONi
13450
TIME
Ni 600/0
20Culb0Ni pure Ni
14530
1388 Q
TIME
cu 00/0
Ni 100%

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Liquid
1400
wo = 53 wt % Ni
BOOT
1300
1200
1100
10840
10
100%
Cu
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
14550
Solid
solution
90
100%
Weight percent nickel

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BINARY EUTECTIC COOLING CURVE Cadmium (Cd) + Bismuth (Bi)

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Cadmium (Cd) + Bismuth (Bi) Binary Eutectic diagram

Two metals completely soluble in the liquid state but
completely insoluble in the solid state.
Technically, no two metals are completely insoluble in each
other. However, in some cases the solubility is so restricted that
for practical purposes they may be considered insoluble.
•A
Iiiuid
I iquld
llquld
4
Cd
OMPOSITION
Cd * Bi
Cd
0%Bi

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Lead (Pb) + Tin (Sn) Eutectic phase diagram

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Summery of Binary Eutectic Phase diagrams

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Types  of  reactions  in  binary phase   diagrams

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Thank You for learning patiently. Now you will 100% understand the “Iron – iron carbide” phase diagram easily in my next presentation. My email :- bnbiswal@rediffmail.com

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