IELTS READING MODULE

I E L T S R E A D I N G M O D U L E. O l u s o n a T e m i t o p e E s t h e r T E F L / T E S O L / I E L T S E x p e r t.

C o u r s e O u t l i n e. U n i t 1 F a c t a b o u t r e a d i n g t e x t W h a t r e a d i n g t e x t a s s e s s e s R e a d i n g s k i l l s S k i m m i n g and S c a n n i n g D i s tinguishing m a i n i d e a f r o m s u p p o r t i n g d e t a i l s I d e n t i f y i n g p a r a p h r a s e I d e n t i f y i n g r e f e r e n c e s.

U n i t 4 I n t r oduction to l o c a t i n g i n f ormation a nd f a c t f i n d i n g L o c a t i n g i n f o r m a t i o n M C Q U n i t 5 N o t e / T a b l e / F l o w c h a r t c o m p l e t i o n I n t r oduction t o o p i n i o n / c l a i m q u e s t ions T r u e / f a l s e / N o t g i v e n Y e s / N o / n o t g i v e n.

F a c t a b o u t R e a d ing t e x t. T h e s e c o n d p a r t o f I E L T S e x a m Time • 60 minutes •read and answer the questions no extra transfer time be careful about spelling and grammar Test Structure • three sections -one section: text + 13-14 questions • total: 40 questions.

Text Features a variety of texts on different topics • academic subjects. different styles ● can be illustrated • length can be up to 900 words Questions • each test features a variety of question types.

Difficulty consider your reading experience and ability manage your time well r e a d the instructions carefully Scoring o ne point for each correct answer b e careful about spelling and grammar p o ints converted to IELTS band score.

R e a d ing skills A b i lit y to distinguish topic sentence (TS) from supporting sentence (SS) I d e n t i f y ing Key points for summary Finding specific information (dates/names) or detailed information Distinguishing between fact and opinion .Make inferences C o rrect usage of spellings and grammar.

skimming scanning identifying paraphrase I d e n t ifying reference.

Here is a passage on a new discovery that may lead to a new form of pain relief:a snail toxin, we only need to find what the advantages are. Dr Jenny Ekberg, a Research Fellow with The University of Queensland's School of Biomedical Sciences, has studied a toxin produced by a marine snail found on The Great Barrier Reef which may have benefits in relieving severe pain. "Chronic pain can be caused by an initial injury that affects the nerve, or conditions such as diabetes and arthritis," Dr Ekberg said. "The problem with current drugs, such as morphine, is that they sometimes offer only marginal relief and come coupled with lots of problems with tolerance and side effects. Our research shows that a natural product, a conotoxin from the marine snail Conus marmoreus, produces pain relief without the apparent side-effects in animal models of chronic pain." The snail toxin study, done with colleagues Professor David Adams in the School of Biomedical Sciences, Dr Richard Lewis at The University of Queensland's Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Professor Mac Christie at the University of Sydney, was recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Dr Ekberg said sufferers of chronic pain could have the added problem of there being no reason for the pain." The patient experiences severe pain because their nerve cells that are responsible for pain transmission are overactive," she said. "This is primarily due to abnormal activity of voltage-gated sodium channels in the nerve cells. Conventional drugs, such as local anaesthetics, block all types of sodium channels, and cause severe side-effects.".

Quickly, we skim the text and find the section that talks about that. We have to look for clues in the text " Chronic pain can be caused by an initial injury that affects the nerve, or conditions such as diabetes and arthritis," Dr Ekberg said. "The problem with current drugs, such as morphine, is that they sometimes offer only marginal relief and come coupled with lots of problems with tolerance and side effects. Our research shows that a natural product, a conotoxin from the marine snail Conus marmoreus, produces pain relief without the apparent side-effects in animal models of chronic pain." The second paragraph talks about the problems of current drugs and the way the toxins work without side effects, and that is where we find the advantages discussed..

S canning example , The text here talks about the treatment of wastewater. Assume we want to read the text to find something called BNR or Biology Nutrient Removal: The process of purifying water is basically one of filtering out the larger contaminating molecules so that only the smaller water molecules are left. Generally, to start with, the contaminants with the largest molecules are trapped and removed, and then the process continues with ever-decreasing molecule sizes being filtered until only high-quality purified water is left. The initial measure is actually to prevent the wastewater from becoming too contaminated before the treatment process starts. In many localities, local government laws are in place to regulate the impurities that enter the water system. Without such regulations, hazardous chemicals may be allowed to enter the rivers and creeks through carelessness from domestic or industrial consumers. Next, the wastewater is sent to a treatment plant. At this point, 99.9% of the wastewater is just water and the contaminants make up the remaining percentage. Purification starts with screening, settling and a process called Biological Nutrient Removal (BNR), which reduces the percentage of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorous, and organic matter. The main stage of the water treatment process involves a combination of the following: micro-filtration and ultra-filtration, reverse osmosis and advanced oxidation. Micro-filtration and ultra-filtration remove bacteria, parasites and other particles too small to see with a microscope. Reverse osmosis uses technology similar to that required in kidney dialysis to remove remaining chemicals, hormones, viruses and bacteria. Finally, advanced oxidation and ultra-violet light are used to further increase water quality. Next, the purified recycled water is blended with dam water as well as river water and run-off. It is then released into the river so that the natural action of running over rocks and sunlight helps to clean it. Further down the river, water is extracted and treated to ensure it meets international standards for drinking water..

Main Ideas u s ually at the beginning of paragraphs - the topic sentence Supporting Details e xplanations, descriptions, or examples u sually after the topic sentence.

topic sentences can help you to decide on a suitable heading f o r a paragraph. The heading for the passage above would be : The Original Security device.

Paraphrasing includes changes which apply mostly to vocabulary or grammar Identifying Paraphrase -vocabulary Synonyms: words with similar, or even the same, meaning. Examples: important→ essential prepare →get ready.

Paraphrasing could also mean expressing the same info with different grammatical structures Identifying Paraphrase -grammar Example: . Scientists created a vaccine. . A vaccine was developed. active →→→ passive (+ synonyms) Active voice has been changed to passive voice, synonym has also been used.

Identification of references is knowing when the same information is written in more than one place in a text texts have a logical structure • reference is used for ideas that are repeated in the text writers use special reference words, e.g. this, it, them reference words can refer forward or back.

One firm is already using specially-designed psychometric s oftware . The Kleanup Kitchen Company is employing it to c hoose members of its staff for a specific project..

Identifying the Correct Reference For many years , wealthy and academically bright students c hose to study at one of the large British or American universities if they wanted to get an overseas degree. They might be referring to many years, wealthy and academically bright students or large British and American universities. Who or what wants to get an overseas degree? Wealthy and academically bright students want to get overseas degree.