History Project

[Audio] History Project By: Izzie, Abby. History Project.

[Audio] Roots of the Movements:. Roots of the Movements:.

[Audio] W. E. B. Du bois Du Bois took a peaceful approach for civil rights activism. He was born into a middle class family. He grew up in a town where racism was scarce and excelled in school. Eventually becoming the first African American to earn a Ph.D from Harvard University. He then went away for college and faced the harsh realities of racism. This caused him to become an activist and eventual become the Co- founder of the NAACP ( National Association for the Advancement of Colored People). He is also known for his influential writings, this includes “The Souls of Black Folk”..

[Audio] Booker T. Washington: Booker T. Washington was an activist focused with a more Militant Activist philosophy. Booker was more militant because he was born into slavery, unlike W. E. B. Du Bois. His family life was tough and the hardships of slavery contributed to his approach to civil rights greatly. He was an author, some of his books were Up From Slavery, and Atlanta Compromise. He was also an educator and eventually was the founding principal of the Tuskegee Institution, an important vocational school for African Americans..

[Audio] The Overlap Between The 2 - Both passive and militant activists shared the common goal of racial equality, but they differed in their approaches and the pace at which they sought change. - Friction arose due to philosophical differences, with passive protesters favoring nonviolent means, while militant activists were more inclined towards self-defense and assertive actions..

[Audio] Passive Protest (Exemplified by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.): A. Leadership: - Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. emerged as the face of nonviolent resistance. B. Tactics: - Utilized peaceful demonstrations, boycotts, and civil disobedience. C. Objectives: - Focused on achieving legal rights, desegregation, and equal voting opportunities..

[Audio] Militant Activism (Exemplified by Malcolm X): A. Leadership: - Malcolm X advocated self-defense and black empowerment. B. Tactics: - Embraced a more confrontational approach, emphasizing armed self-defense. C. Objectives: - Sought to address economic disparities, systemic racism, and self-sufficiency within the black community..

[Audio] Methods. Methods.

[Audio] Shift in Methods, Demands, and Objectives: - The Civil Rights Movement evolved over time, with many passive protesters becoming more assertive as the struggle continued. - The shift from passive to militant activism was partly a response to perceived slow progress and escalating violence against African Americans. - Militant activists demanded not just civil rights but also economic empowerment and self-determination..

[Audio] Some Other Important Names:. Some Other Important Names:.

[Audio] Medgar Evers Medgar Evers: A civil rights activist and NAACP leader in Mississippi, Evers worked tirelessly to register African American voters and challenge segregation before he was tragically assassinated in 1963..

[Audio] Ella Baker Ella Baker: A prominent organizer and activist, Baker worked with several civil rights organizations, including the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)..

[Audio] Ida B Wells Ida B wells was an African American investigative journalist and civil rights leader. She was a prominent activist for Anti-Lynching. She was also a founder of the NAACP. Ida B. Wells’s courage and dedication to fighting racial injustice and documenting the horrors of lynching played a crucial role in raising awareness about these issues and advocating for civil rights in the United States. She remains an important figure in American history..

[Audio] Fannie Lou Hamer Fannie Lou Hamer: An advocate for voting rights and a leader in the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party, Hamer’s powerful testimony at the 1964 Democratic National Convention brought national attention to the struggle for voting rights..

[Audio] A. Philip Randolph Civils Rights in the 40s Randolph was a African American civil rights leader and labor organizer. He led a 10-year drive to organize the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters (BSCP) and served as the organization's first president. He also directed the March on Washington movement to end employment discrimination..

[Audio] Rosa Parks Rosa parks was a civil rights activist. She is known for beginning the Montgomery Bus Boycott by not giving up her seat to a white passenger. Her not giving up her seat that day begun one of the largest civil rights movements in history..

[Audio] Emmett Till Emmett Till was beaten to death for supposedly whistling at a white woman white shopping in her and her husbands store. This event was tragic and showed people how terribly African Americans were being treated, and sparked a large following in the Civil Rights movement..

[Audio] John Lewis John Lewis was an African American civil rights activist. He took a peaceful approach to civil flights activism. He began to involve himself in the freedom rides in 1963, this lead him to sit-in at segregated public places as a way of peaceful protesting..

[Audio] The Little Rock Nine The Little Rock Nine were a group of nine teens who are known as the first African American students to enter Little Rock's Central High School. This came after the supreme court's ruling to desegregate schools. Little rocks school board pledged to voluntarily desegregate schools, this decision faced major controversy and was met with anger from white people living in the south at the time. It took many attempts to get the little rock nine into school because of the angry mobs but they eventually entered the school on September 23..

[Audio] Some Important Organizations. Some Important Organizations.

[Audio] CORE - Congress of Racial Equality- CORE was an organization that strove for civil rights for African Americans. CORE sparked many large events that had a great impact on history like the Montgomery Bus Boycott, Freedom Rides, and strove for justice during the Mississippi murders and power struggle. iiFGiil.

[Audio] SCLC The Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) is a civil rights organization that was founded in 1957 by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and other civil rights leaders. It played a significant role in the American civil rights movement, using nonviolent tactics to advocate for racial equality and justice, including organizing the Montgomery Bus Boycott and the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. 00 E R SG +991 n 0B.

[Audio] SNCC The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) was a prominent civil rights organization during the American civil rights movement in the 1960s. It consisted primarily of young activists (College Students) who were committed to nonviolent direct action and passive protest. SNCC played a vital role in organizing sit-ins, voter registration drives, and other protests to challenge racial segregation and discrimination in the United States. J011V8.

[Audio] LULAC Mexican Americans LULAC is the League of United Latin American Citizens. It is the largest and oldest Hispanic civil rights organization in the United States. LULAC focuses on advocating for the rights and opportunities of Hispanic Americans, including issues related to education, immigration, civil rights, and more. o v rlnrl.

[Audio] Women Political Council The Women's Political Council (WPC) was a group of African American women in Montgomery, Alabama, who helped organize the Montgomery Bus Boycott in 1955, which was a pivotal event in the civil rights movement. The WPC formed in 1946 by the American educator Mary Fair Burks..

[Audio] Black Panther Party The BPP for Self Defense was founded by Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale in 1966. They met at Merritt College. This organization supported the ideas of Black nationalism, socialism, and armed self- defense against police brutality. This organization was apart of the Black Power movement..

[Audio] Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP) MFDP stands for the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party. MFDP stands for the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party. It was a political party in the United States that was founded in 1964 as part of the civil rights movement. The MFDP was established to challenge the exclusion of African Americans from the regular Democratic Party in Mississippi and to demand equal voting rights. It gained national attention when it sought to be seated at the 1964 Democratic National Convention..

[Audio] Important Events. Important Events.

[Audio] Montgomery Bus Boycott The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a significant civil rights protest that took place in Montgomery, Alabama, in 1955-1956. The boycott was sparked by the arrest of Rosa Parks, an African American woman who refused to give up her seat on a city bus to a white person, as was the segregation policy at the time. The African American community in Montgomery, led by civil rights leaders like Martin Luther King Jr., organized a boycott of the city's buses, which lasted for 381 days. During the boycott, African Americans carpooled, walked, or used other means of transportation, resulting in a significant financial loss for the bus company. The boycott led to a Supreme Court ruling that segregation on public buses was unconstitutional. REMEMBER! CELEBRATE! ACT.

[Audio] Red Summer Red Summer was a period in 1919 when there were many racial riots and violence in the United States, showing the need for racial equality and justice, even though it happened before the modern civil rights movement..

[Audio] Freedom Summer This refers to the Mississippi Summer Project of 1964, a civil rights campaign in the United States. During Freedom Summer, civil rights activists, including many college students, went to Mississippi to register African American voters and challenge segregation and discrimination. It was a significant part of the civil rights movement, aiming to promote racial equality and political participation for African Americans..

[Audio] Conclusion:. Conclusion:.

[Audio] Conclusion The Civil Rights Movement's success can be attributed to the dynamic interplay between passive protest and militant activism. While leaders like Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. emphasized nonviolence, Malcolm X and others brought militancy to the forefront. These movements, rooted in the philosophies of Washington and Du Bois, converged and diverged, creating a diverse tapestry of strategies, demands, and objectives that ultimately led to significant advancements in the struggle for civil rights and racial equality in America..

[Audio] Sources. Sources.

[Audio] Primary Sources Used Martin Luther King JR's Speech: https://www.npr.org/2010/01/18/122701268/i-have-a-dream-speech-in-its-entirety -Shows His Peaceful and Passive ideas Eisenhower speaking about Little Rock High School: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/civil-rights-in-america/eisenhower-little-rock/ About School Segregation: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/civil-rights-in-america/school-segregation/.

[Audio] Secondary Sources Biography of Rosa Parks: https://www.biography.com/activists/rosa-parks Biography Of Martin Luther King Jr. : https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/08/books/the-new-definitive-biography-of-martin-luther-king-jr.html Biography of Malcolm X https://www.biography.com/activists/malcolm-x We also used the textbox used in class..

[Audio] Citations https://aflcio.org/about/history/labor-history-people/asa-philip-randolph https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/rosa-parks https://www.fbi.gov/history/famous-cases/emmett-till https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Lewis-American-civil-rights-leader-and-politician https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/little-rock-nine https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/congress-of-racial-equality https://nationalsclc.org/about/ https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/sncc https://lulac.org/.

[Audio] Citations https://www.britannica.com/topic/Womens-Political-Council https://www.archives.gov/research/african-americans/black-power/black-panthers https://snccdigital.org/inside-sncc/alliances-relationships/mfdp/ https://www.theworldwar.org/learn/about-wwi/red-summer https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/freedom-summer.