Name: History Class Presentation
Uploaded: 2022-08-16
Duration: 3 min 44 s
Description: . . . H fetor y Performance Task. History. Performance.

. . . H fetor y Performance Task. History. Performance. 

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. . . •NVno —.•bvul. 9 SOME S UTh WEStA IA (COUNTRIE. 

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TURKEY.                                                            
                                              SAUDI ARABIA.

. . . stuouu cv )8snuos ONV". LAND FORMS &
WATER FORMS. 

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. . (4, con prc lati. TURKEY. Turkey is a predominantly mountainous country, and true lowland is confined to the. 

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Turkey is a predominantly mountainous country, and true lowland is confined to the

coastal fringes. About one-fourth of the surface has an elevation above 4,000 feet (1,200

metres), and less than two-fifths lies below 1,500 feet (460 metres). Mountain crests

exceed 7,500 feet (2,300 metres) in many places, particularly in the east, where Turkey’s

highest mountain, Mount Ararat (Ağrı), reaches 16,945 feet (5,165 metres) close to the
borders with Armenia and Iran. In the southeast the Uludoruk Peak reaches 15,563 feet
(4,744 metres); though further west, the Demirkazık Peak (12,320 feet [3,755 metres]) and

Mount Aydos (11,414 feet [3,479 metres]) are also significant peaks. Steep slopes are

common throughout the country, and flat or gently sloping land makes up barely one-sixth

of the total area. These relief features affect other aspects of the physical environment,
producing climates often much harsher than might be expected for a country of Turkey’s
latitude and reducing the availability and productivity of agricultural land. Structurally, the

country lies within the geologically young folded-mountain zone of Eurasia, which in
Turkey trends predominantly east to west. The geology of Turkey is complex, with
sedimentary rocks ranging from Paleozoic to Quaternary, numerous intrusions, and

extensive areas of volcanic material. Four main regions can be identified: the northern

folded zone, the southern folded zone, the central massif, and the Arabian platform.

. . stat h anc eel into workf Until ab most oi faci metallurc prote econor. 

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Since its inception in 1923, Turkey has operated a mixed economy, in which both
state and private enterprise contribute to economic development. The economy
has been transformed from predominantly agricultural to one in which industry
and services are the most productive and rapidly expanding sectors. A decade

into the 21st century, the services sector engaged about one-half of the

workforce, while agriculture and industry each occupied about one-fourth.

Until about 1950 the state played the leading role in industrialization, providing
most of the capital for structural improvement in railways, ports, and shipping

facilities and for the establishment of such basic industries as mining,

metallurgy, and chemicals; it also invested in manufacturing, notably in the food-

processing, textile, and building-material sectors. Emerging industries were

protected by tariff barriers, and foreign investment was discouraged; the

economy remained self-contained and somewhat isolated, with foreign trade

. . It is impo long ag European where simp coppersmi commodit) and shops.. 

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It is impo
long ag
European
where simp
coppersmi
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and shops.

In the rural areas each season has different tasks and activities. Except in the south and west, winter is

a period of frost, snow, and social activities. Animals are often kept indoors and fed mainly chopped

straw. With the spring thaw, plowing and sowing are soon under way. After a month or so of less-
urgent work, the hay harvest is followed immediately by the main grain harvest, a period of intense
activity lasting some six to eight weeks; everyone works, some people 16 to 20 hours a day. Most

village areas contain weavers, masons, carpenters, and smiths such as tinsmiths. Some villagers go to
town for craft services, and a number of craftsmen travel around the villages—particularly specialists,

Safranbolu, Turkey: bazaar
Safranbolu, Turkey: bazaar

It is impossible to summarize in a few words the material culture of the towns and cities, which not

long ago were the central part of a great empire and have since been profoundly influenced by

European fashions and technology. Most towns, large and small, nevertheless still contain markets

where simple lockup shops stand side by side in rows. Usually these are arranged by craft or wares—
coppersmiths, jewelers, cobblers, tailors, motor mechanics, and so on. Retailers also are grouped by
commodity. The larger towns have become increasingly Westernized, with modern factories, offices,
and shops. Large-scale commuting from sprawling suburban areas is typical of the major cities, where

it produces traffic congestion, air pollution, and strains on public transportation.

History Class Presentation

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