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Emilio Aguinaldo was born on 22 march 1869 in  cavite  Viejo (present day  kawit   cavite ) His father  carlos  Aguinaldo and his mother  trinidad   ffamy  Aguinaldo a Chinese mestizo couple who had eight children  The seventh of which was  emilio .  The Aguinaldo family was quite well to do as  carlos  Aguinaldo was the community’s appointed  gobernadorcillo  (municipal governor) Their being Chinese mestizo also meant that the family had the means to live a relatively comfortable lifestyle.  Aguinaldo was called “ miniong ” as a child.

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He attended high school at colegio de  san   juan  de  letran , but had to stop in his fourth year because of his father’s death. He then took up the responsibility of helping his mother run their farm.  Emilio became the cabeza de barangay of  binakayan , a chief barrio of  cavite  del Viejo, when he was 17 years old. He also spent his young years traveling the ship routes that linked one island of the archipelago to another and was able to reach the far south islands of sulu.  In 1895, a law that called for the reorganization of local governments was enacted. Subsequently, this changed the title of the town head from  gobernadorcillo  to  capitan  municipal at age of 26  aguinaldo  became  cavite   viejo’s  first  capitan  municipal.  Emilio Aguinaldo died in  quezon  on February 6, 1964 from cardiovascular disease. He was 94 years 10 months and 15 days old when he died.

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The original memoirs in Tagalog was prepared by Aguinaldo in his own handwriting between 1928 to 1946. It was at the close of 1963 when Aguinaldo, after much deliberation decided to publish his memoirs in 1967. In his preface Aguinaldo says the memoirs were based on a diary he kept, documents he preserved, and family lore gathered from his elders. We do not know whether this diary is extant or whether a promised second volume of the memoirs were fully written out. All we have is an account from his birth and early years, ending with the 1897 Treaty of Biak- naBato .

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The second volume would cover the resumption of the  philippine . Revolution against Spain and the Philippine-American War. Aguinaldo wanted to correct history by making reference to the historian’s confused accounts on the beginning of the Revolution:  Aguinaldo stated that this event took place in Balintawak but the late historian Teodoro A.  Agoncillo  took the word of Pio Valenzuela and argued for  Pagadlawin .

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The memoirs contain a background regarding the two Sangguniang Bayan namely; the  Magdalo  and the  Magdiwang  whom took a big role in claiming the  Victory of independence for the  Lalawigan  of  Kavite  against Spain. Aguinaldo stated in the preface of this book why he wrote it: To help our historians fill in the gap of the past and to connect the scattered parts of our history; To preserve the past of our nation for the generations to come;  Awakening the inherent heroism and nationalistic spirit of the Filipinos against any foreign invaders that we may preserve our hard-earned freedom. In addition, the book shows as whole, the cruelty of the Spaniards, the different types of government under Aguinaldo, and even the struggles of the Filipinos in the attainment of freedom. Chapter 28: My Bloodiest Fight: • Under Aguinaldo’s command, the Filipino revolutionaries defeated  the Spanish troops in Cavite • The whole province of Cavite was  liberated from the Spaniards

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Chapter 30:  Magdiwang  Council Reorganized -Cavite was liberated through the efforts of both the  Magdiwang  and  Magdalo . Magdiwang  (monarchial): • King – Andres Bonifacio • Said to be Monarchial in form •  Noveleta , San Francisco de Malabon, Rosario,  Tanza ,  Naic , Ternate,  Maragondon , Magallanes,  Bailen , Alfonso, Indang, and San Roque. Magdalo  (republican): • President:  Baldomero  Aguinaldo • Republican in form • Cavite  el  Viejo, Imus, Dasmarinas, Silang, Amadeo, Mendez, Nunez, Bacoor, and Carmona

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Chapter 38: My Election to the Presidency -Aguinaldo was at Pasong Santol in  Dasmariñas  on March 22, 1897. He learned of his election as President of the new revolutionary government, -Aguinaldo’s brother, General  Crispulo  Aguinaldo persuaded him to go to  Tejeros  to take his oath of office. At 7:00 in the evening, Aguinaldo,  Trias , and  Riego  de Dios took their oaths of office. My Election to the Presidency: • On March 24, 1897, Aguinaldo received news that Bonifacio and his ministers met in a council as passed a resolution declaring null and void the meeting at  Tejeros .  Chapter 42: Military Court • Five charges were made against the Bonifacio brothers.  • A military court was created with Colonel Jose  Lipana  as presiding judge.

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Chapter 44: Death of the Bonifacio Brothers • The  bonifacio  brothers were found guilty and sentenced to death • Aguinaldo commuted the sentence to banishment • Generals Pio del Pilar and Mariano  Noriel  persuaded Aguinaldo to impose the original sentence. The document discourse about the journey of Emilio Aguinaldo from joining the Katipunan, up to the Filipino-American War broke out. August of 1896 when Aguinaldo went to Cavite  el  Viejo. He told them that his plan to invade the Spaniards failed and it was his first time to formulate strategies. He told his two  Consejals  G. Candido  Tria   Tirona  and Santiago  Dano  of what happened. He told them about the declaration of war and both said that they need to fight. Aguinaldo refused and to steal the Guardia  Civil’s  gun quietly. Aguinaldo and the  Consejals  had the chance to steal the three  guardia  civils’ guns. However, despite the fact that Aguinaldo didn’t want to use violence and just want to surrender their guns and communicate forces, one of the guards initiated to fight.  Cudrillero  ended up stabbing one of the Guardia Civil.

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September first, Aguinaldo had a meeting with G. Jose  Tagle  who is the Head of the Balangay Pilar and Captain Municipal of Imus at the convent in Cavite  el  Viejo.  Tagle  asked for help in attacking the Spaniards at Imus which Aguinaldo immediately agreed and gathered his troops. They held a parade to increase their numbers which ranges to two thousand men. The friars found shelter inside the convent while in the tower of the convent was the Guardia Civils. This scenario stirred up Aguinaldo to establish military strategies in order for them to win. Aguinaldo assigned himself,  Heneral   Baldomero  Aguinaldo and G. Jose  Tagle  on a specific area where they will invade. When the aggression started, Aguinaldo’s group promptly decreased. Aguinaldo immediately changed his plan  andsuccessfully  did it. After the aggression, they were happily greeted by their folks with native decorations. Subsequently, Supremo Andres Bonifacio was given a tribute by the HARING BAYAN which was already planned long ago. As the Supremo and his companions passed through several towns, they saw that almost all houses were decorated as a sign of welcome for the esteemed guests. They were also greeted by Fr. Manuel  Trias  and the “ Pallo ,” who sang  Te  Deum and accompanied the guests as they arrived at the church. Afterward, they went to the house of Ms. Estefania  Potente .

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The day after their arrival, the  Magdiwang  faction made a tribute to the Supremo, endowing him with the highest title of “Haring Bayan,” and Mariano Alvarez was said to be temporarily holding this position as the “Vi Rey.” Each of their leaders was wearing fancier clothing to acknowledge their status or rank in the faction. After the tribute, the  Magdiwang  factions visited each of their areas in preparation for the convention of the two factions. The freedom of Cavite can be attributed to the efforts of the two factions. Despite having the same goal, however, the two factions seem to be vastly different. Aguinaldo mentions that most of these leaders were fortunate to have received positions, because since April 1987 they seldom faced battles. The only success they had was when they faced the great army of the Spaniards in  Noveleta  on November 9, 1896, where they stole guns and killed many of their enemies. Most of the time, the areas under the control of the  Magdiwang  faction were not troubled, unlike the  Magdalo  faction which had to face countless battles almost every single day.

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Aguinaldo was able to ascertain that Dr. Jose Rizal was imprisoned in Puerto Santiago in Manila and he was sentenced by the  Consejo  de Guerra to be shot at 6:00 am on December 30. Although he was humiliated by Bonifacio in San Francisco de Malabon, Aguinaldo still wanted to ask for help from Bonifacio to carry out his plans of rescuing Rizal. Bonifacio agreed, and both planned to involve the remaining members of the Katipunan in Manila to gather near the area of execution, and then for them to kidnap Rizal while on his way to Bagumbayan.  The next day, however, Don  Paciano  Rizal arrived, only to oppose the plans of Aguinaldo and Bonifacio. He said that he wanted to avoid more bloodshed and reiterated that not a single member of the Katipunan is still in Manila. Thus, Aguinaldo and Bonifacio did not push through with the plan. On December 30, 1896, some Katipunan members from Pateros arrived asked for help in invading the camps of the  Cazadores  in their town and in  Tagiik . On the night of December 31, 1896 until January 1, 1897, they travelled through forests to reach the church and convent of  Tagiik . Their opponents sensed their arrival and attacked immediately, but Aguinaldo and his troops eventually managed to imprison most of their enemies inside the church. He left Gen. Mariano  Noriel  in  Tagiik  before moving to Pateros.

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When they arrived in Pateros, they did not face any opposition; Fr. Mariano  Corcuera , who was also the  Predikador   Heneral  of the Augustinian convent, surrendered immediately. Aguinaldo sent Gen. Pio del Pilar to  Napindan , while he stayed in Pasig and Manila in case the enemy will send out more troops. The reinforcements of the enemy did arrive at Pateros and  Tagiik , but the troops were able to prepare and force the enemies to retreat.  On January 3, 1897, Aguinaldo and his troops noticed that their opponents were weakening and had no hope of asking for reinforcements. However, in the afternoon of the same day, many enemy troops from Laguna arrived. The soldiers under Gen. Pio del Pilar's command were not able to intercept them. The troops could not do anything due to the sheer numbers of their enemies, which forced Aguinaldo to order their withdrawal from battle and retreat to Cavite.

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General Emilio Aguinaldo before entering the Katipunan was a  gobernadorcillo   capitan  municipal. His position in the government was like of a judge and a governor. It was just then that Santiago  Alavarez  encouraged him to join the organization. 1896 was the year when the Spaniards found out about the Katipunan which led to the declaration of war of the Spanish government and series of revolt of the Filipinos. However, during this year, the revolutionary society was not yet well-equipped with firearms and equipment. On the other hand, the Spaniards and its army were provided with advanced and complete set of firearms compared to those of the  Katipuneros . In the memoirs of General Emilio Aguinaldo, it is evident that he struggles to provide weapons for his people in Cavite El Viejo. He failed to acquire firearms in his meeting in Cavite, and so he was left with nothing to give to his people. In his office, he saw there his councils, namely; G. Candido  Tria   Triona  and Santiago  Dano . They discussed their plan on how to get the weapons of the Guardia Civil. The General explicitly stated not to kill the Guardia Civil. This is because during that time, almost 60% of the Guardia Civil were Filipinos and for the General, it will cause great trouble in their town.

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Aguinaldo was also the  tenyente   abanderado  or the flag bearer of his own troops. He is the one tasked to be at the front and bring the flag. His role as the flag bearer was important because it shows how proud they were to represent their group/organization. However, that time they were not able to acquire the flag of the society. Nevertheless, they marched with a band playing a battle song so that they will be inspired and their moral will be lifted while facing the dangers of war. This move of Aguinaldo played a pivotal role because it did not just make his people loss their fears, but it also attracted other men to join in their movement. Furthermore, as the leader of his battalion he was equipped with great situational tactics and initiatives since they did not have formal planning with regards to the execution of their battles. Their lack of preparation led to the death of some men and Guillermo  Samoy , but the general found a way to get inside which led to the capture of the estate-house. It was well-known in our history books that Emilio Aguinaldo and Andres Bonifacio have their own differences in terms of beliefs, mindset, and especially in politics. Andres  Bonifiacio , also known as The Supremo and Haring Bayan, was the leader of the Revolutionary Society.

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The KKK was divided into factions namely,  Magdiwang  and  Magdalo . These two factions have different principles and officials, nonetheless they were under the roof of the KKK. However, Bonifacio favored the  Magdiwang  faction due to his kinship ties with its leaders and the recognition of his authority compared to the faction led by the  Aguinaldos , which was the  Magdalo  faction. This conflict between two factions had its own consequences, and one of which was the death of Dr. Jose Rizal. The public execution of Rizal caused rage, anger, and heightened nationalism among the Filipino people. It made Filipinos realize that they need to fight their way to gain the independence from Spain. Thus, the Battle of Pateros had commenced. During the initial part of the battle, the Filipinos seemed to be winning. However, the Spaniards were showing resiliency that caused General Emilio Aguinaldo and his men to retreat to Cavite.

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It may add more confusion to our history, but someone should track down Volume 2 of Aguinaldo’s memoirs, his diary and other papers. These are probably tucked away in some secret compartment or forgotten drawer in the Aguinaldo Shrine. • The primary source contained the untold stories of how Andres Bonifacio and Emilio Aguinaldo made an initial plan on how to save Dr. Jose Rizal’s life from being executed. • The author included in his writings the comparison between the  Magdalo  and  Magdiwang’s  performance during wars. He mentioned that the  Magdalo  only won a single battle and rarely faces battles until then. On the other hand,  Magdiwang  faces battles on a daily basis and rejoices for victory

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Contribution of the document in understanding the grand narrative of Philippine history

It gives us an insight into the personal thoughts and feelings of Aguinaldo which will help in a deeper understanding of Philippine History.  Aguinaldo’s memoirs which is first hand narrative of the First  PhilippineRepublic  president which offers a different perspective and provides a basis  forcorroboration  of other historical sources. It is an attempt of Emilio Aguinaldo to wash his hands on the tragic death of Andres Bonifacio; Thus, it is a way of vindicating himself from negative aspersions against him.

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The document contains historical information about the history of the Filipino ancestors. The document presents how the people of our country had passionately fought back against the Spaniards in order to gain our freedom.

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Relevance of the document to contemporary times

We can imagine or learn about how Filipinos struggled for our country's freedom through Mga  Gunita   sa   Himagsikan . The present-day independence that we have has had a significant impact on our lives. Our country needed to be saved from colonizers, and we won our independence from the Spaniards thanks to the heroic Filipinos who battled for our rights. Filipinos were taught that they should be the ones to manage their own country rather than being conquerors' slaves. Despite the fact that the Philippines was colonized by various countries after the Spaniards, the Filipinos were able to fight back.

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The Mga  Gunita   sa   Himagsikan  shows the determination of the Filipinos to get the freedom that  theydeserve  that the Spaniards took away from them. As a result of their determination, they were able to obtain what they were fighting for. Furthermore, the Filipinos' determination back then demonstrated that we can do anything if we are determined and will go to great lengths to achieve it, which is still true today. Their toil and sacrifices have resulted in our country's independence from Spanish colonizers. Today, the Filipinos enjoy their freedom thanks to their fellow Filipinos who battled for it. Unfortunately, in today's environment, such freedom was abused and neglected, which should not be the case. It is a great privilege to be free in your own nation, and that privilege should not be taken away by another country.

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