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Health Promotion program proposal for Homelessness in Australia

Assignment 1: NUR534 Shristi Thapa 345455

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What is  Health Promotion Program? Who is defined to be homeless? Statistics Programs  to improve health of targeted group  i . e homeless people

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Health promotion  Health promotion is a method to create ability to enhance and promote people's quality of  life  ( Clendon  &  Munns , 2019 ). Who is defined to be homeless? a person does not have a suitable  accommodation Example: living in insufficient living space. using residence halls or other rented  shelters ("HOMELESS STATISTICS – Sheltered by Grace", 2021)

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Acc. to 2016 census: 116,000 individuals were considered homeless 51,000 (44%) lived in heavily occupied homes 21,000 (18%) lived in aided community centers, 8,200 (7%) resorted in rough sleeping  sites   (ABS, 2016).

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Specialist  homelessness Services (SHS ) 	 ("Specialist Homelessness Services",  2021) 2. The  Housing First strategy  3. RDNS  Homeless Persons Program (HPP )  ("Health & Homelessness", 2021)

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Redcross  homelessness service  ("Homelessness services", 2021 ) Mental health services in Australia(  Australian Institute of Health and  Welfare,  2021)

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Factors Affecting Health Of Homeless People

There are numerous elements that impacts the health of homeless people depending on their condition. Some of them are listed below: Economic Status Health Illiteracy Health Service Accessibility Nutrition Deficiency Cultural  Belief (Davies & Wood, 2018)

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Being a Homeless is one of the outcome of low economic status. Low income or lack of source of income has a direct impact on accessibility to health care services  ( Mucci  et al., 2016 ). It decrease their intake of nutritional diets as a result immune system of those individuals becomes weak which makes them prone to infectious and communicable  diseases  ( Volkos  &  Symvoulakis , 2021 ). Financial crisis can also induce stress, anxiety, depression and many other psychological illness ( Volkos   &  Symvoulakis , 2021).

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Access to physical medical  services D ifficulties  reaching  providers S afety  of medicines and affordable health care . Feelings of being evaluated might contribute to obstacles to primary care  access   ( Davies & Wood, 2018 ).

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Lack of proper knowledge about health care process and body system can result in disruption of physical and mental health of individual The only way to enhance patient safety, particularly during the epidemics and pandemics, is through patient education.  Proper  modifications of health-care action will significantly enhance the health impacts, not only for health workers but also for the wider population, hence enhancing the potency of the health platform which is the foundation for developing our community . 	( Priya B et al., 2021)

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Lack  of a highly nutritious food will certainly have an adverse health impact on the homeless person if physical stressors arise from exposure to severe external circumstances such as exposure to harsh  weather  (Seale et al., 2016 ). Severe vitamin C, thiamine, and other nutrients may be insufficient in homeless individuals who consume  alcohol  ( Ijaz  et al., 2017 ).

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Cultural beliefs such as fasting, being vegetarian (lack of animal protein) may result in weakened immunity of an  individual  (Wilson et al., 2018 ). The belief of being pure by not getting vaccinated can result in exposure to infectious microorganisms in future   ( Dubé   et al., 2021 ). Those convictions and health practice  including  organic food consumption, breast-feeding, exercise, supplementation and the restriction of contact with people in order to avoid  vaccination   ( Swaney   & Burns, 2018 ).

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To enhance the physical, mental and social health of homeless people around Australia

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Strategies on the basis of 5 key action of Ottawa Charter

Source: https ://www.who.int/healthpromotion/conferences/previous/ottawa/en/index4.html

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Build healthy Public policy Mandatory Immunization of children  Develop housing programs more  aggressively    ( Wood et al., 2016)

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2. Create  Supportive Environment Create job opportunities for homeless Provide free health service  Public health campaign  (Goode et al., 2018)

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3. Strengthen  community action  psychosocial support and concerted  care  medical rehabilitation  centers. (Van Straaten et al., 2016) 4. Develop  personal skills Provide education related to healthy diet Educate people  Training regarding infection control, hand hygiene, wound  care ( Rutenfrans-Stupar  et al., 2019)

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5.	Reorient  health services  Provide training and education to health professionals regarding specialized treatment of homeless people  ( Shulman  et al., 2018 ). Revise and evaluate the existing health promotion programs for homelessness  ( Jego  et al., 2018 ). Effective implementation of existing programs such as stable housing, specialized homeless ( Kaur   et al., 2021 ).

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Prevents future risk of infection and Chronic health condition  Enhances health care outcomes Reduces financial load and expense Increases accessibility of health care services and clinical treatment

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Empowers, educates and motivates to stay informed and concerned regarding health  information Create and maintains healthy relation among homeless with society Ensure safe, healthy and secured therapeutic treatment for homeless people

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The above mentioned health promotion program proposal is targeted to achieve within 5 years of timeline.

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Aaeh.org.au. (2021). Retrieved 2021, from https://aaeh.org.au/assets/docs/Publications/2017-Housing-First-Factsheet.pdf. Census of Population and Housing: Estimating Homelessness, 2016 . Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2021). Retrieved 12 September 2021, from https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/housing/census-population-and-housing-estimating-homelessness/2016. Davies, A., & Wood, L. (2018). Homeless health care: meeting the challenges of providing primary care.  Medical Journal Of Australia ,  209 (5), 230-234. https://doi.org/10.5694/mja17.01264 Dubé , È., Ward, J., Verger, P., & MacDonald, N. (2021). Vaccine Hesitancy, Acceptance, and Anti-Vaccination: Trends and Future Prospects for Public Health.  Annual Review Of Public Health ,  42 (1), 175-191. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-090419-102240

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Goode, J., Hoang, H., &  Crocombe , L. (2018). Homeless adults' access to dental services and strategies to improve their oral health: a systematic literature review.  Australian Journal Of Primary Health ,  24 (4), 287. https://doi.org/10.1071/py17178 Health & Homelessness . Nwhn.net.au. (2021). Retrieved 2021, from http://www.nwhn.net.au/Health-Homelessness.aspx. HOMELESS STATISTICS – Sheltered by Grace . Sbg.org.au. (2021). Retrieved 2021, from https://www.sbg.org.au/homeless-statistics/. Homelessness services . Redcross.org.au. (2021). Retrieved 2021, from https://www.redcross.org.au/get-help/community-services/homelessness-services.

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Ijaz , S., Jackson, J., Thorley, H., Porter, K., Fleming, C., & Richards, A. et al. (2017). Nutritional deficiencies in homeless persons with problematic drinking: a systematic review.  International Journal For Equity In Health ,  16 (1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-017-0564-4 Jego , M.,  Abcaya , J.,  Ștefan , D.,  Calvet-Montredon , C., & Gentile, S. (2018). Improving Health Care Management in Primary Care for Homeless People: A Literature Review.  International Journal Of Environmental Research And Public Health ,  15 (2), 309. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15020309 Kaur , H.,  Saad , A.,  Magwood , O.,  Alkhateeb , Q., Mathew, C.,  Khalaf , G., &  Pottie , K. (2021). Understanding the health and housing experiences of refugees and other migrant populations experiencing homelessness or vulnerable housing: a systematic review using GRADE- CERQual .  CMAJ Open ,  9 (2), E681-E692. https://doi.org/10.9778/cmajo.20200109

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Mental health services in Australia, Specialist homelessness services - Australian Institute of Health and Welfare . Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2021). Retrieved 2021, from https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/mental-health-services/mental-health-services-in-australia/report-contents/specialist-homelessness-services. Mucci , N.,  Giorgi , G.,  Roncaioli , M.,  Fiz  Perez, J., &  Arcangeli , G. (2016). The correlation between stress and economic crisis: a systematic review.  Neuropsychiatric Disease And Treatment , 983. https://doi.org/10.2147/ndt.s98525 Priya  B, S., Begum J, H.,  Priya  M, Y., &  Beevi , F. (2021). Health Illiteracy among General Populace on Face Mask Use: Vicious Factor during Pandemics.  Indian Journal Of Pharmacy Practice ,  14 (1), 60-61. https://doi.org/10.5530/ijopp.14.1.11

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Rutenfrans-Stupar , M., Van  Der   Plas , B., Den  Haan , R.,  Regenmortel , T., &  Schalk , R. (2019). How is participation related to well-being of homeless people? An explorative qualitative study in a Dutch homeless shelter facility.  Journal Of Social Distress And The Homeless ,  28 (1), 44-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10530789.2018.1563267 Seale, J.,  Fallaize , R., &  Lovegrove , J. (2016). Nutrition and the homeless: the underestimated challenge.  Nutrition Research Reviews ,  29 (2), 143-151. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954422416000068 Shulman , C., Hudson, B., Kennedy, P.,  Brophy , N., & Stone, P. (2018). Evaluation of training on palliative care for staff working within a homeless hostel.  Nurse Education Today ,  71 , 135-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2018.09.022 Specialist Homelessness Services . Family & Community Services. (2021). Retrieved 2021, from https://www.facs.nsw.gov.au/providers/working-with-us/programs/homelessness/specialist-services.

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Swaney , S., & Burns, S. (2018). Exploring reasons for vaccine‐hesitancy among higher‐SES parents in Perth, Western Australia.  Health Promotion Journal Of Australia ,  30 (2), 143-152. https://doi.org/10.1002/hpja.190 Van  Straaten , B.,  Rodenburg , G., Van  der   Laan , J.,  Boersma , S., Wolf, J., & Van de  Mheen , D. (2016). Changes in Social Exclusion Indicators and Psychological Distress Among Homeless People Over a 2.5-Year Period.  Social Indicators Research ,  135 (1), 291-311. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-016-1486-z Volkos , P., &  Symvoulakis , E. (2021). Impact of financial crisis on mental health: A literature review ‘puzzling’ findings from several countries.  International Journal Of Social Psychiatry , 002076402110112. https://doi.org/10.1177/00207640211011205 Wilson, L., Rubens- Augustson , T., Murphy, M.,  Jardine , C.,  Crowcroft , N.,  Hui , C., & Wilson, K. (2018). Barriers to immunization among newcomers: A systematic review.  Vaccine ,  36 (8), 1055-1062. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.01.025

Health Promotion program proposal for Homelessness in Australia

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