PowerPoint Presentation

waste water. water carriage. sewerage. water seal.

[Audio] Hello everyone, and welcome. We are the members of group 6. We hope you enjoy our presentation today as we discuss the disposal and treatment of wet refuse..

WET. REFUSE. DISPOSAL. AND. TREATMENT.

[Audio] Today we will be discussing. Types of conservancy systems. Latrines. Chemical closets. Water carriage systems. Treatment of sewage. Water closets. And health factors associated with refuse..

[Audio] Conservancy systems are the infrastructure implemented to dispose of waste and human excreta. These various types of waste are collected separately in vessels or pits and removed periodically. About once every 24 hours. These waste materials are disposed of separately through methods such as burning, filling and burying. Some examples of this system include latrines and chemical closets..

[Audio] The night soil and other waste was usually transported in open carts through villages and crowded streets. This procedure was unhygienic..

[Audio] The efficiency of the conservancy system heavily depended on the labour force. Should they decide to strike for one day, the waste would begin emitting a foul, unhygienic odor..

[Audio] While there may be advantages to this method of sanitation such as the initial cost being low since there is no need for sewage pipes and water for flushing purposes. However, it is highly dependant on manual labour. It is highly unhygienic and increases the risk of an epidemic..

[Audio] Latrines are used to collect human excreta. Latrines had to be constructed away from living rooms due to the odour. It was also required to be 30 to 40 meters away from water sources to avoid contamination through underground filtration..

[Audio] The floor is made of a concrete slab with a pedestal, hole, seat, and lid. The seat can be made of wood with a hole in the center or a traditional toilet seat can be used. A lid can be used and is usually secured to the seat with a hinge and is made of wood or if the traditional toilet seat is used there is a lid attached. The pit is dug 3 meters deep with base of the pit non-lined..

[Audio] Next, we have Chemical closets or more commonly known as porta potties. The first patent for a polyethylene portable restroom was issued by George Harding in 1960. There were many other toilet-related improvements in the 1970s which catapulted the porta potty into the public arena..

[Audio] These toilets collect human excreta in a holding tank and use chemicals to minimize odors. They are usually, but not always self -contained & moveable. Inside the holding tank are chemicals that break down solid waste, kills germs, destroy smells and reduces toilet paper. Portable toilet flushes either by using water that comes from a hidden water tank inside the toilet or it flushes using the toilet chemicals from the holding tank. The average porta potty can hold enough sewage for 7 people over the course of a 40-hour work week..

[Audio] To empty the contents of the porta potty, the sanitation technician places a vacuum-like hose into the hole of the toilet with the other end attached to a hose pump allowing the waste to be transferred to the truck. The general rule of thumb for porta potties in consistent locations (like those on construction sites and parks) is that they should be pumped out once a week..

[Audio] Lets pause for a short quiz. A person with red hair Description automatically generated with low confidence.

[Audio] Another sanitation method is the water carriage system. This is the modern method of sewage conveyance. In this system, water is used as a medium for conveying the sewage to the treatment plant and final disposal. Sewage is the waste matter such as faeces or dirty water from homes and factories, which flows away through sewers..

[Audio] Sewers are the large pipes, usually underground, that is used for carrying wastewater and human waste away from buildings to a place where they can be safely gotten rid of. Sewage pipelines are buried 8 feet below ground compared to public water lines which are buried 4 feet down They are a component in sewerage which is the infrastructure that transports sewage, like storm water, meltwater and rainwater. It encompasses components such as receiving drains, manholes, pumping stations, storm overflows, and screening chambers..

[Audio] There are two categories of waste produced by factories and treatment plants alike. Effluent is the liquid waste that is sent out from factories or places where sewage is dealt with. While sludge is considered as any solid, semi-solid, or liquid waste generated from a municipal, commercial, or industrial wastewater treatment plant, water supply treatment plant, or air pollution control facility exclusive of the treated effluent from a wastewater treatment plant usually flowing into rivers, lakes, or the sea..

[Audio] Modern day containment and disposal of human excreta involves the use of water closets. This is any compartment or room with a toilet. While the whole room is dedicated to bathing, cleansing and general hygiene, the toilet may be the most irreplaceable area of the bathroom..

[Audio] A water seal is the water that remains in the bowl and is flushed out after use. A water seal is present in both flush toilets and in pour flush toilets as well. A trap refers to the water seal at the bottom of the toilet that stops sewer gases and smells escaping into your bathroom. The toilet is one part of the domestic septic system.

[Audio] A complete domestic septic system is a network of pipes and containment apparatus for the removal and storage of sewage and wastewater. It includes the soil pipe that conveys sewage or wastewater reliably, either from the toilet or sink to a soil drain or sewer. They are relatively easy to spot as they run vertically from the underground drainage system to the top of a property, where they reach the roof gutter. Household wastewater is flushed or washed through the exit pipe into the septic tank. The inspection chamber gives access to the underground pipework for maintenance and removal of blockages. As the tank fills up, the liquid empties into the drain field, where it is absorbed into the soil. The liquid drains through the soil layers where bacteria filter and digest contaminants. By the time the wastewater reaches groundwater, it is fully treated..

[Audio] For large scale wastewater treatment, it requires a treatment plant. In Trinidad and Tobago, the local government authorities, in conjunction with the Water And Sewage Authority ( WASA), are responsible for the treatment and disposal of sewage and wastewater..

[Audio] WASA was formed in 1965, and the only sewerage system existing in the country was the one built over the period 1902- 1937. This was inadequate to meet the needs of a newly independent, rapidly growing and developing nation. WASA then undertook responsibility for managing the now famous Lock Joint Project. WASA and the local health authorities provide large centralized systems of pipelines and pump stations which convey sewerage to the treatment plants..

[Audio] A wastewater treatment plant is a facility that treats wastewater ensuring that it is safe for disposal into water bodies. At our wastewater treatment facility, we use two treatments, pre-treatment and secondary treatment..

[Audio] Pre-treatment is the physical treatment of the water using a combination of screening and girt removal. The clarified water is then pumped to the aeration tanks, where air is pumped to activate the aerobic bacteria present in the water. These aerobic bacteria further digest the remaining organic matter found in the water..

[Audio] Finally, before disposal, the water is tested. This is necessary and required to ensure that the water doesn't contain any harmful components that could potentially harm humans or the environment. The results obtained will be a good indicator of the precision of the wastewater treatment process to ensure the final treated wastewater effluent meets permit requirements before discharge into the receiving surface water..

[Audio] Wastewater is any liquid waste or sewage that has been used in homes, agriculture or industrial processes. It contains many disease-causing organisms, harmful chemicals and heavy metals known to cause a variety of environmental and health problems..

[Audio] Soil pollution can occur from sewage seeping into the land from failed septic systems. Over time the concentration of harmful chemicals increases and affects the production of vegetation, not suitable for human consumption. Wastewater can also seep into the groundwater and contaminate nearby water sources..

[Audio] These water sources would no longer be safe to use for basic hygienic practices such as bathing, washing, cooking or drinking. The most common way that people contract diseases from wastewater is through the fecal-oral route, put simply, by eating food or drinking water contaminated by sewage or by not washing hands after contact with sewage..

[Audio] Symptoms of infection due to contact with untreated wastewater, whether it be directly or indirectly, include fever, vomiting, diarrhea, and nausea to name a few. Untreated or poorly disposed wastewater can cause diseases as a result of bacteria, viruses and parasites such as gastroenteritis, poliomyelitis, Cholera, Typhoid and Hepatitis A..

[Audio] There is great care and attention that must be directed to the proper treatment and disposal of wet waste material. Steps must be taken to ensure the processes are maintained and standardized. The community also need to be involved to spread knowledge and awareness of the dangers and to be cautious of the effects of wastewater.

[Audio] Lets see what you remember.. QUIZ. 1. How does a water closet function?.

[Audio] Last one. Who can tell us What is the difference between a conservancy system and a water carriage system?.

[Audio] Thank you for joining us. We hope you found our presentation informative and are open for questions. Remember, healthy community is a happy community so we must all do our part to limit the effects of wastewater on the community..