GROWTH POLE MODEL BY PERROUX

GROWTH POLE MODEL BY PERROUX. Neeketa sinha Roll no.-9 Geography BA (sem 5) 2019-22.

[Audio] Growth pole was proposed by Francois Perroux in 1955 . A growth pole is a centre in economic space . It is the centre in which economic growth starts or is deliberately concentrated as a part of regional development strategy and continues if stimulated , thereby benefiting the area and its surrounding region. The core idea of the growth poles theory is that economic development or growth is not Uniform over an entire region ,but instead takes place around a specific pole..

[Audio] Schumpeterian theory of development (i.e. Growth does not appear everywhere and all at once; it appears in points or development poles with variable intensities; it spread along diverse channels and with varying terminal effects to the whole of the economy) 2. Theory of inter-industry linkages and industrial interdependence Based on this Perroux developed his idea of economic space as a field of forces consisting of centers (or poles or foci) from which centrifugal forces emanate and to which centripetal forces are attracted.

[Audio] 1. Human activities must cluster together to generate internal and external economics of scale 2. If clugenerate clustering of human activities and there by create spatial imbalances in economic development, . The autonomous process, which generate clustering of human activities and there by create spatial imbalances in economic development, can be directed through policy interventions to generate growth foci in areas where they do not exist.

[Audio] Each pole has some leading industry which generates growth both within and in the surrounding area through direct and indirect effect. The pole generate growth around them through the mechanism of backward and forward linkages.

[Audio] Backward linkage establishes link through investment in earlier stage of production (eg. Inputs Forward linkage establishes link through investment in subsequent stage of production (eg .loan, banking services.

[Audio] Linkages lead to accumulation of a number of basic and heavy industries with their respective set of ancillary industries (Agglomeration).

[Audio] Perroux's growth pole model highlights the role of spread effect rather than backwash effect of developed region..

Stationary growth (immobile resources) Centralisation (mobility in resources) Agglomeration phase Trickle down Polarisation ( cumulation of resources).

[Audio] Critics of growth pole hypothesis point out three main weaknesses Inapplicability- Growth Pole theory is inapplicable to varied regional problems. In resource rich, well populated but socially and economically backward regions, the growth policy has not been a success. e.g. - Rourkela & Bhilai – modern steel plant as core The impact of these projects on the regional economy has, however, not been spectacular and the so called leading industry in each case failed to generate development impulses in the hinter land..

[Audio] Important weakness inherent in the growth pole hypothesis is its over dependence on propulsive industries in selected urban areas. It disregards other aspects of development..

[Audio] Growth pole hypothesis is functionally rigid by emphasizing productive activities and economic opportunities created through dynamic propulsive industries . In third world countries this is not enough. Addition to this (i,e, productive activities), growth pole must function as (1) Central places (2) Innovative and growth promoting centers, (3) Social interaction points..

R.P.MISHRA. 1.Service centre of local level Large village (5000-10,000 population) Services (grocery shop, minor repair facilities,cooperatives,etc) 2.Growth points Cater(50,000-1,00,000 population) Urban amenities 3.Growth centres Cater (1,00,000-2,00,000population) Secondary and tertiary activities (college ,technical institutions).

4.Growth poles Cater(5,00,000-25,00,000 population) Tertiary population have higher share Predominance of financial,educational,technological and industrial sectors..

References. Mandal,R.B.(2000):Urban geography,Concept publishing company,New Delhi Chandana,R.C.(2016):Regional planning and development, Kalyani publishers,New Delhi. Growth pole theory (2021): https://lotusarise.com , retrieved on 21 feb-2021.

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