Effects of Peer Pressure on Academic stress of IMD-24 Medical Students

Effects of Peer Pressure on Academic stress of IMD-24 Medical Students.

An Undergraduate Research Study Presented to the Faculty of the Medicine Program Davao Medical School Foundation , Inc. In partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Medicine ..

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CHAPTER -1 INTRODUCTION. A picture containing text Description automatically generated.

Academic Stress is one of the factors that have effects on the mastery of academic curriculum. Stress is the body’s nonspecific response mechanisms towards demands or strains made on its (Chernova, 1996). It is a process by which we perceive and cope with environmental threats and challenges. Examination fear, high parental expectancies, peer pressure, lack of leisure time, financial issues, courting disharmony, and aspirations for higher studies are some of the many elements known to make a contribution to the development of stress amongst undergraduate medical college students. In this study, the researcher has tried to establish the effects of peer pressure on academic stress of IMD 24 students..

This study focuses on peer pressure among students and how it affects the academic performance of students. Students have to cross many obstacles by their own, especially while leaving home to attend college/ universities. In that period we can observe the students how they are influenced/ dependent on peers. Academic stress poses a great deal of challenges to the society as it hinders the students from acquiring complete intellectual knowledge which is needed to champion development and growth in the society..

PROBLEM OF THE STUDY:. Negative Peer pressure is defined as defined as any kind of influential behavior which can affects an individual in negative way. Identifying the factors which impacts the academics, is vital to finding precautions against it..

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY:. To determine the effects of peer pressure on academic stress of IMD 24 of Davao Medical School Foundation in Davao city. Specific Objectives: To determine the demographic profile of medical students based on: age, sex. To determine the prevalence of negative peer pressure on academic stress among medical students using _____ questionnaire. To determine if there is any association between peer pressure and academic stress among IMD 24 medical students..

HYPOTHESIS:. This is a descriptive study among IMD 24 students. So there is no hypothesis..

Review of Related Literature. The effects of peer pressure can manifest differently in each and every student (Bierbaum, Henrich&Zigler (2019)For example, a student with low confidence and few close friends may be more susceptible to the effects of negative peer pressure, while a confident, extroverted student may be more likely to give and receive positive peer pressure (Neubert, (2017). Negative peer pressure can encourage students to participate in negative behaviors and habits, such as: Skipping class, Stealing, Cheating, and Bullying, Using drugs or alcohol. Left untreated, this could eventually lead students to engage in self-harm or have suicidal thoughts (Salinas (2018). On the other hand, there are many social pressures which may impact mental health: Excel academically, as they might develop leadership qualities, try to become a leader for school groups, will participate in extracurricular activities. Becoming a leader of a school groups, participating in extracurricular activities..

A total of 78% of Indian students’ experience various degrees of academic stress, these stressors can be categorized under social, cultural and environmental factors. Students report experiencing academic stress at predictable times each semester with the greatest sources of academic stress resulting from taking and studying for exams, grade competition, and the large amount of content to master in a small amount of time Abouserie (2018). The school environment on its part also piles up pressure on the students. The pressure to perform well in the examination or test and time allocated makes academic environment very stressful ( Erkutlu & Chafra , 2019). In addition to that, the volume of people within the academic environment also contributes to stress among students. Research holds that; a certain percentage of students find it difficult to thrive in an over-crowded environment (Baker, 2019)..

The hustling and buzzing in college can be challenging to some students. The environment possesses challenges such as course-over load, academic pressure, limited opportunities, high competitiveness all of which are sources of stress that create fear, tension an anxiety in some student (Sinha, Sharma, and Nepal, 2019). Relationship with friends and significant others can also be stressful. Students’ relationship with lecturers can also be a source of stress where there is a strain in this relationship. For example; a lecturer who yells at his students is secretly disliked hence students try as much as possible to avoid his classes (Elizabeth Scott, 2019). Furthermore, many students experience stress related to finance. This involves the struggle to find sufficient money to pay for tuition as well as securing the funds needed to cover the cost of living while attending school. This has a very bad and negative effect on their performance due to the symptoms and problems associated with academic stress such as: difficulty concentrating, low performance, increased absenteeism, alcoholism, drug abuse, hypertension and host of cardiovascular problems..

The result of the effects of peer pressure effect on academics will manifest otherwise in every student. That said in addition, social network studies of non-clinical delinquent or externalizing behavior (e.g., rule-breaking, substance use) have found these behaviors to be related to peer quality (Franken et al., 2019;). Peer pressure is delineated to own negative impact among people and even while not result to someone as a result of peer pressure could be a continuous learning (Gulati, 2019). Therefore, corresponding psychological intervention strategies had formulated at different stages to promote physical and academics stress. Student was consistent, complaints were listened to and acted upon, and we communicated in a timely manner to maintain transparency and minimize uncertainty and fear of the disease ( Xiang et al., 2020 ). Accurate health information had reduced stress, anxiety, depression, and the psychological impact of the illness ( Wang et al., 2020a )..

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK:. Screenshot 3.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK:. Screenshot 4.

Scope and limitations:. The study aimed to determine the association between the effects of peer pressure on the academic stress of IMD 24 medical students. These include Indian Medical Students from Davao Medical School Foundation, Davao city, ages 19 years and above. Researcher’s limit their study in the Davao City specifically in DMSF College where the survey will be conducted at the respondents own respected room using the Likert type questionnaire Researchers understand the effects of peer pressure among different Indian Medical students. Therefore the study is focus on the 30 students of Indian Psychology students in Brokenshire College. The limitation of this study is the type of sampling being used which is probability sampling technique. The researcher also includes ethical consideration such as giving informed consent before conducting the survey. Due to the sensitivity of the topic, names of the respondents were not included and information that has been gathered will not be divulged to others without permission..

S IGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY:. The study will benefit the following: Respondents: This study aims to give relevant information about peer pressure on academics stress of IMD 24 Students. This study will benefit the participants, the IMD 24 students of DMSFI in Davao City since they are the ones who are respondents of this study and for them to be aware of peer pressure on academics stress. Family of the respondents: This study promotes knowledge to the family of respondents about the academics stress of their loved ones and the of peer pressure in the adolescence to better understand them. Relatives and friends of the respondents: This study promotes knowledge to the relatives and friends about the academic stress of their loved ones and the effects peer pressure to in the adolescence to better understand them. Faculty of the respondents: This study promotes knowledge to the faculty of respondents about the academic stress of their students and the effects of peer pressure. Young adults: This study influences the young adults to choose a healthy lifestyle by educating them on the associated risk factors of peer pressure. Future researchers: This research may encourage further investigation and serve as a data to make the future researches significant in peer pressure on the academic stress of the students and the effects of peer pressure in adolescence..

Definition of terms:. The following terms were defined operationally and conceptually for better understanding. Peer pressure refers to the influential behavior which distress mental health regarding anticipated peer pressure challenges or failure or even the fear of the possibility on the impact on self- esteem, self- confidence. Peer pressures on academic stressors show themselves in many aspects in the students' environment: at school, home, in their peer relations and even in their neighborhood. Academic stress refers to the mental distress regarding anticipated academic challenges or failure or even the fear of the possibility of academic failure (Oscarz 2015). Academic stressors show themselves in many aspects in the students' environment: at school, home, in their peer relations and even in their neighborhood. Academic stress can be defined as a factor that may lead to some people experience stress when they involved in a certain situational demanding such as failure in examination, work overload, deadlines of assessment, financial problems, and so on. Anxiety. Academic Stress in this study refers to the result of the respondents responses in the Academic Stress Scale (Google).

CHAPTER-2 METHODOLOGY. Research design: This study will use descriptive research method specifically, where in findings was expressed numerically. In this the descriptive correlation will be used to determine if there is a Correlation between the peer pressure and academic stress among the respondents. This method is used to correlate with two or more variables to see if it exists; it cannot cause and affect the relationships. Setting: The study will be implemented online among the respondents residing in Davao City. Preparations, acquisition of consent, data collection and all conducts of this research will be held purely in a virtual manner in consideration with the ongoing pandemic..

Population: In this study the researcher have selected young participants from Davao Medical School Foundation in Davao city where the total population of IMD-24 is 520 (whole population of IMD students in Davao medical school foundation), ages between 19-25 years old . Inclusion Criteria: 18 years old and above. Those who are able to read and understand English. Those who are willing to participate. Those who gave their consent..

Exclusion Criteria: Papers present not subject to peer review. Papers presenting results without supporting evidence. Studies not related to the research questionnaire. Inability or unwillingness to participate in the study or sign the informed consent form..

Variables and measures:. Variables Measures Age 19-25 Gender Male / Female Concern regarding impacts of peer pressure on mental health (personal and academic life) Yes / no / do not know Activities and measures used to improve your mental well being Yes / no / do not know.

SAMPLING:. Sampling method: A contact detail will be posted at IMD student group on telegram for the respondents to contact, make inquiries and inform if they want to be a part of the study. The study will make use of purposive sampling where only those who will satisfy the inclusion and exclusion criteria will form part in the research. Estimation of sample size: In this study the researchers have selected 30 participants from Davao medical school foundation in Davao city and the total population of Indian 520(whole population of IMD students in Davao medical school foundation), ages between 19-25 years old. We will utilize the rule of thumb which states that the appropriate number of sample size should be equal or greater than 30 and less than 500 to determine the accuracy and impact of a program. There will be a minimum of 30 respondents for this study..

Data collection procedure:. A research proposal will be presented to the Physiology Department of Davao Medical School Foundation, Inc., College of Medicine for approval of the study. Ethical forms required for the study will be submitted to the Ethics committee for approval of the study procedures. After approval, the researchers ask the volunteers to join the online media for the process of data collection. Consent forms of all participants will be taken and data will be analyzed. The principal researcher will change the names of the volunteers into code names to maintain confidentiality prior to handing of data to the statistician for statistical treatment..

Schematic Diagram:. For approval of the study, a research proposal will be submitted to department of physiology Ethical forms needed for the study will be submitted to the Ethics Committee for approval of research procedures. Upon approval, the researchers will look for prospect volunteers. And will ask volunteers to join the telegram group. The pre-screening interview will be conducted. Ensuring that the researcher follows agreed protocols. Informed consent will be provided to all participants. Data will be gathered and analyzed. The result will be recorded..

Screening:. The respondents who are willing to take part will be interviewed, and then observed to establish whether they will be part of research or not. The screening is done based on the observations of inclusion and exclusion criteria. So, the respondents with one or more exclusion criteria will be automatically removed from participating this study..

Ethical considerations:. An informed consent form will be obtained from the participants prior to data collection. The informed consent contains the information of the study, target volunteers, data collection flow, risks and inconveniences, potential benefits, provision for injury or related illness, compensation, pledge of confidentiality, voluntary consent, and right to withdraw and withhold information and contact information. All of which can be found in our Appendix. The researchers will first obtain approval from the Dean and from the head of Davao Medical School Foundations DMSF ethics committee. The researchers will then ask for a written consent from the respondents. A written informed consent will be given to the respondents and to formalize the consent, the respondents have to check the “I agree box”. Only the respondent can give consent. The researchers will disclose the objectives, risks, benefits of the study and how the study will be done..

There will be a direct benefit to the participant in this study which includes certain changeable interventions as to how the experiences of the participants to the disease and to improve their overall welfare. There is a minimal foreseeable risk involving giving time to answer the questions and the participant’s feelings in answering the questionnaire; therefore, it will not be necessary to give provision for injury or related illness. The consent will detail the purpose of the study and clarify that the study will not involve any monetary expenditure from the respondents nor the respondents will receive monetary compensation in participating in the study. The respondents will be contacted through phone calls and online communication platforms, such as messenger, Skype, telegram, etc. The participants will provide the internet access expenses or WIFI. An agreed platform for easy and fast communication dedicated to this activity will be established. The results of the study will be given to the respondents through email if requested. The researchers will protect privacy and maintain confidentiality of the respondents as well as their responses in the questionnaires by not divulging the respondents’ identifiable information such as name, contact information, and specific address..

All data will be stored in an online drive and will be kept for only a year by the principal researcher. Only the researchers, the statistician and their adviser will have access to the data. The data gathered by the researchers will only be used in this study and will not be digitally stored and made available to others. The researchers will permanently dispose data and will no longer be available. Participation in this study is voluntary. The researchers will not force respondents to engage into the research process against their will. Respondents will not be forced to continue answering the research questionnaires when they feel uncomfortable divulging information about their personal life and illness. The participants have the right to refuse and withdraw from the study without penalty. The participants are allowed to ask questions or voice their concerns, to the authors, about the study. The participants are free to ask questions or to clarify to the principal researcher of any of the researchers listed accordingly. If there are any important matters or any complications considered by the participant, it will be discussed with the principal researcher. Moreover, should there be additional concerns; participants can contact the Research Ethics Committee who are in charge of all research conducted at Davao Medical School Foundation, Inc. There is no conflict of interest among the authors and contributors of the study..

Statistical tool: For statement problem 1 and 2, mean and standard deviation will be employed to determine the level of effects of peer pressure and academic stress of IMD 24 medical students. For problem statement 3, the Pearson Product Moment Correlation will be to determine the significant relationship between the peer pressure and academic stress. Interpretation of r: As a guide the interpretation of the correlation coefficient specific ranges of r corresponding to various interpretations..

Interpretation of r:. Absolute Value of r Interpretation ( degree of correlation) 0.9 to 1.0 0.7 to 0.9 0.4 to 0.7 0.2 to 0.4 Less than 0.2 Very high High Moderate Small Negligible.

Appendices. APPENDIX A. Questionnaire Part I. Peer Pressure Scale Name: ___________ Age: ______ Sex: Male/Female Instruction: This questionnaire is designed to measure your peer pressure on mental health. It is not a test, so there is no right or wrong answers. Please answer each item as carefully and accurately as you can by putting a ( ✔ ) mark on cell based on the given scale. 1- Strongly Disagree 2- Disagree 3- Agree 4- Strongly Agree State your level of agreement whether you experience or not of the following statements. LINK: https://www.scribd.com/document/513994614/questionnaire-peer-pressure.

Part I. Peer Pressure Scale. AGREE DISAGREE STRONGLY AGREE STRONGLY DISAGREE Pressure to come to school on time. Pressure to follow the rules. Pressure to have a physical confrontation with another person. Pressure to cheat during an exam. Pressure in drinking alcohol. Pressure in smoking cigarettes. Pressure in fighting. Pressure about lying to parents about where you are going. Pressure to skip classes. Pressure in bullying someone..

II. How does peer pressure affect the academic performance..

III. To what extent are the respondents have been influenced by their peers..

IV. Plan of actions that may be proposed to overcome peer pressure especially in the academic setting..

RESULTS This chapter presents the results and discuss the findings of the study as related to other research findings in the previous chapters..

Table 2: Academic stress of IMD 24 medical students..

Table 3: Significant association between peer pressure and Academic stress among IMD 24 medical students ..

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