PowerPoint Presentation

THE NANO WORLD. THE NANO WORLD. Presented by: Harleymon Russel Leonardo Alyssa Marie Posada Shiena Joy Terrobias.

TIMELINE OF TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT. 1700S 1940s 2. Nucle« 1950s 3. Silicon 960 5. Information Revolutim Erwgy 6. Nanotechnology and Bio-Tech.

Nanotechnology is the understanding and control of matter at the nanometer scale, where unique phenomena enable novel applications. Encompassing nanoscale science, engineering, and technology, nanotechnology involves imaging, measuring, modeling, and manipulating matter at this length scale. Nanotechnologies involve the design, characterization, production, and application of nanoscale structures, devices, and systems that produces structures, devices, and systems with at least one novel/superior characteristic or property..

At the core of nanotechnology is the fact that the properties of materials can be different at the nanoscale for two main reasons: First, nanomaterials have a relatively larger surface area when compared to the same mass of material produced in a larger form. This can make materials more chemically reactive (in some cases materials that are inert in their larger form are reactive when produced in their nanoscale form) and affect their strength or electrical properties. Second, so-called quantum effects can begin to dominate the behavior of matter at the nanoscale - particularly at the lower end – affecting the optical, electrical and magnetic behavior of materials..

THE BASIC BUILDING BLOCKS: NANOPARTICLES. Nanoparticles, which have been produced on an industrial scale for quite some time already, are used in a broad spectrum of applications and many products. So, what are nanoparticles? There is no simple answer. The diversity of synthetic (i.e. man-made) nanoparticles is considerable. They are distinct in their properties and applications. In addition to their size, synthetic nanoparticles vary in chemical composition, shape, surface characteristics and mode of production. In the framework of nanotechnology, the term nano î = refers almost exclusively to particle length. This means that those objects that extend in two dimensions from 1 to several 100 nm are designated as nanoparticles. This, however, also includes filamentous objects such as nanotubes..

Future nanotechnology goods will be based on the current and future advances of a wide range of nanomaterials. The creation of a wide range of nanomaterials will lead to a significant shift in how materials and gadgets are made. In other words, every part of our lives will be affected. Nanomaterials will have a major impact in areas such as faster computers, advanced pharmaceuticals, controlled drug delivery, biocompatible materials, nerve and tissue repair, crackproof surface coatings, better skin care and protection, more efficient catalysts, better and smaller sensors, and even more efficient telecommunications..

APPLICATIONS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY.

NANOMEDICINE. The medical advances that may be possible through nanotechnology range from diagnostic to therapeutic. In diagnostics, the ultimate goal is to enable physicians to identify a disease as early as possible. Nanomedicine is expected to make diagnosis possible at the cellular and even the sub-cellular level. In terms of therapy, the most significant impact of nanomedicine is expected to be realized in drug delivery and regenerative medicine. Nanoparticles enable physicians to target drugs at the source of the disease, which increases efficiency and minimizes side effects. They also offer new possibilities for the controlled release of therapeutic substances. Nanoparticles are also used to stimulate the body’s innate repair mechanisms. A major focus of this research is artificial activation and control of adult stem cells..

Physicists, chemists and biologists each view nanotechnology as a branch of their own subject, and collaborations in which they each contribute equally are common. One result is the hybrid field of nanobiotechnology (also used are the terms bio nanotechnology, biomedical nanotechnology or nanomedicine) that uses biological starting materials, biological design principles or has biological or medical applications. Combining nanotechnology with biotechnology could for instance lead to molecular prosthetics – nanoscale components that can repair or replace defective cellular components such as ion channels or protein signaling receptors. Another result will be intracellular imaging to highlight early disease markers in routine screening..

Bio nanotechnology can support cleaner production methods and provide alternative and renewable energy sources to enhance the sustainability of factories. Nanotechnology helps in energy consumption like in the use of graphene into a coating material resulting in the need for only one layer, which does not require a multifunctional film coating. Nanoscale chemical reagents or catalyst are smaller, yet they increase the rate of chemical reactions, thus lessening the input of raw materials..

NANOTECHNOLOGY APPLICATION ON AGRICULTURE. In agriculture, novel techniques of nanotechnology applications are applied to breed crops with higher levels of micronutrients to detect pests and to control food processing). Ultra-small probes on earth surfaces for agricultural applications and control soil, air, and water contaminations are also developed using nanotechnology..

Water purification systems containing nanomaterials.

CHALLENGES OF NANOTECHNOLOGY. The advantages brought by innovations in nanotechnology come with price. With rapid developments in nanotechnology, its adverse effects become more visible. Due to its size, a nanoparticle is not easy to analyze. Lack of information and methods of characterizing nanomaterials makes it a challenge to detect its concentration in air or in any matrix of the environment. Predicting the toxicity of a nanomaterial relies heavily on information about its chemical structure since minor changes in its chemical function group could drastically change its properties. Point-to-point risk assessment at all stages of nanotechnology should then be conducted to ensure the safety to human health and environment. Risk assessment should include the exposure risk and its probability of exposure, toxicology analysis, transport risk, persistence risk, transformation risk, and ability to recycle. This is which quite expensive due to the difficulty of detecting nanoparticles..

Ethical Dilemmas of Nanotechnology. Nanotechnology will give us more "god-like" powers It has to potential to eliminate other ethical issues (e.g. assembling beef instead of slaughtering cows, constructing cells rather than getting them from reproduction, etc...) May lead to undetectable surveillance, Right to Privacy could be jeopardized Do we have a duty to help and provide for others [countries] with this technology?.

Thank you. Thank you. .