Fraction

[Audio] Hello everyone. Welcome to this easy math lesson. To year 4 pupils, this video is for you. In this video, we will learn about fractions. I'm sure many of you feel anxious to know what a fraction is and what it looks like..

[Audio] In math, a fraction is used to represent a portion or part of the whole thing. It represents the equal parts of the whole. Basically, a fraction has two parts: the numerator and the denominator. In order to recognize it better, the number at the top will always be the numerator, and the number at the bottom will always be the denominator. But how do we know we've put the numerator and denominator in the correct places? I know this question will be playing through your mind. Now, let's see example A. Assume that the areas colored are taken. Based on example A, the total area has been colored as 3, and the total area is 4. So the fraction will be 3 over 4. Example B shows that the total number of colored pieces is 7, and the total number of pieces is 10. So, it will be 7 over 10. Let's move to example C. The number of boxes colored is 8, and the total number of boxes is 9. then the answer is 8 over 9. The last example is D. There are two objects there. The first object is fully colored. Bear in mind that, if you see this situation, the answer is always 1. And for the second object, the number of colors is 2, and the total number is 3. So the answer is 1 2 over 3..

[Audio] It's easy to know the proper fraction. Proper fraction is where the numerator smaller than denominator. We can see three over five as an example. three is numerator which is at top number and five is denominator which is at a bottom number. three smaller than five, then it's a proper fraction. The key words here is number at the top smaller than number at the bottom..

[Audio] When we talk about improper fractions, they are the opposite of proper fractions. An improper fraction is one where the numerator is greater than the denominator. See the fraction of five over two. Five is the numerator, which is at the top number, and two is the denominator, which is at the bottom number. If five is bigger than two, then it's an improper fraction. The key words here are that the number at the top is bigger than the number at the bottom..

[Audio] A mixed fraction is a special fraction. A mixed fraction is a combination of a natural number and a fraction. It's not hard to know about mixed fractions. Let's see the mixed fraction of one, two, and five. One is determined as a natural number, and two over five is a fraction..

[Audio] In this part, I will explain how to convert a mixed fraction into an improper fraction. Basically, there are three methods for solving it. Without further ado, let's see Method 1. In this method, we need to multiply the denominator by a natural number and add the numerator. So, the denominator is 3, the natural number is 1, and the numerator is 2. Then, it will be 3x1+2 over 3. After solving the multiplication operation 3x1, we will get 3 plus 2 over 3. After solving the additional operation, we will get 5 over 3..

[Audio] Method 2. Same question 1, 2 over 3. In this situation, 1 is a natural number that can be converted into fraction form, which is 3 over 3, then plus 2 over 3. As per the rules, if both denominators are the same, we can add both numerators directly. It will be 3 plus 2 over 3, so we will get 5 over 3. Easy right?.

[Audio] Last method. Here, we can solve it by forming the object. As mentioned earlier, 1 is equal to the full color of the object, followed by the total number of denominators, which is 3. So, the first object is full-colored, equal to 1 or 3 over 3. Then, the second object is colored 2, and the total number block is 3. It will be 2 over 3. 3 over 3, plus 2 over 3. Since the denominators are the same, we can just directly add 3 and 2 over 3. We will get 5 over 3. That's the answer..

[Audio] Method 1, 4 over 3. We know that 3+1=4, so we can separate the new fraction into 3 over 3 plus 1 over 3. We also know that if 3 over 3 equals 1, then we will get 1 plus 1 over 3. So, the answer will be 1, 1 over 3. Method 2: We just need to perform the traditional method of division operation, which is 4 divided by 3. At the top, we will get 1, below 4, we need to deduct 3, and then we will get 1. This is the end of the operation because 1 cannot divide 3. The number at the top will be a natural number, which is 1, the denominator will remain unchanged, which is 3, and the balance of subtraction will be 1. Then we will get 1 1 over 3. Method 3: Here also, we can form the object. We need to form two objects, with the total block of each being 3. After that, we need to color four blocks into objects. We can see that the first block is fully colored, and the second object only gets one color. From here, we know the answer will be 1 1 over 3..

[Audio] In this part, we will learn how to convert an improper fraction into a mixed fraction. It also has three methods to solve it. Now, we have come into additional and substraction operations in fraction. Here are the rules that we need to digest. For the 1st rule, the denominator is the same. See the example of 2 over 7 plus 3 over 7. Method 1: Both get the same denominators. As mentioned earlier, the same denominator can directly add a numerator's number. Then we will get 2 plus 3 over 7. The answer will be 5 over 7. In Method 2, both fractions are changed into objects. 1st object: 2 over 7. Means, create a total of 7 and 2 colored blocks. The second object is 3 over 7. Create a total of 7 blocks and 3 colored blocks. From here, we can get that the number of blocks colored is 5 and the total block is 7. Then, the final answer is 5 over 7..

[Audio] The denominators in Rules 2 are not the same. But the lowest denominator can get the same value as the highest denominator by multiplying some number. See the example 3, 2 over 5, plus 3 over 10. 5 is the lowest denominator, and 5 can get the same value as 10 by multiplying 2. So, 2 times 2 over 5 times 2. Don't forget, the numerator also needs to be multiplied by 2. In this situation, we only change one part of the fraction. After multiplying, we will get 4 over 10 plus 3 over 10. Once again, we can add both numerators since the number of denominators is the same. Final answer: 7 over 10..

[Audio] The denominators in Rules 3 are not the same, and the lowest denominator cannot get the same value as the highest denominator even by multiplying some number. In this case, we need to change both denominators by multiplying each other. Look at example 4, 3 over 5, plus 1 over 7. Denominator 5 cannot get the same value as denominator 7. So, we need to do 5 times 7, 7 times 5. As previously stated, any number multiplied by the denominator must also be multiplied by the same number. 3 times 7, since 5 needs to times 7, plus 1 times 5, since 7 needs to times 5. After multiplying, we will get 21 over 35 plus 5 over 35. Now that both denominators are the same, we just add both numerators. Then, 21 plus 5 equals 26 over 35. That's easy, right? Now, I'm sure all of you can solve the fraction problem, am I right? If so, let's try doing some exercise to strengthen your understanding..

Let's do some exercise. 1. Based on shape below, complete the fraction 2. Change the improper fraction into mixed fraction 3. Change the mixed fraction into improper fraction 4. Solve the following fraction.