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Explosion of a cloud of powder of particles of colour white and a black background

The study of fluids in motion. It has several subdisciplines. Aerodynamics  ( the study of air and other gases when they are in motion) Hydrodynamics  ( the study of liquid in motion)

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Viscous drag and Stokes Law: 		An object moving through a fluid experience a retarding force called drag force. The drag force increases as the speed of object increases.

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Terminal velocity: 		The maximum and constant velocity of an object falling vertically downward is called terminal velocity.

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Consider a water droplet such as fog move downward direction due to its weight. The  upward drag force acting on droplet which increases with velocity. The net force acting on droplet is given by 		 Net force = weight – drag force After  sometime the drag force become equal to its weight, and the drop move with constant  velocity called terminal velocity.

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Types of fluid flow: Fluid flow are of two types. Laminar flow Turbulent flow

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Laminar flow Turbulent flow The fluid is said to be streamline or laminar , if every particle of liquid moves along exactly same path.  The irregular or unsteady flow is called turbulent flow. The streamlines cannot cross each other. The streamlines cross each other. Laminar flow is said to be ideal fluid. Irregular flow of fluid is called turbulent flow.

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Characteristics of ideal fluid : The fluid is non-viscous  i.e  there is no internal frictional force between adjacent layers of fluid. The fluid is incompressible ,  i.e  its density is constant. The fluid motion is steady .

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The product of cross sectional area of the pipe and fluid speed at any point along the pipe is constant. This constant equals the volume flow per second of the fluid or simply flow rate.

Fluid Dynamics

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