ENVIRONMENT ENGINEERING WPS Office

[Virtual Presenter] We will be discussing water supply systems covering aspects such as water sources treatment storage distribution monitoring and maintenance. We will also be using multiple choice questions to explore the topic in more detail specifically for civil engineering competitive exams..

[Audio] The focus of this question is on the water supply system. It assesses the knowledge of the entire process of collecting processing and disposing of liquid waste. The answer options are: (a) the entire process of collecting and disposing of liquid waste (b) a complete layout from the source of supply to the distribution (c) the construction of reservoirs and (d) the construction of canals. We recommend the option (a) as the correct answer..

[Audio] Sourced from natural resources the community's water supply is treated using filtration disinfection and desalination or fluoridation. Reservoirs and tanks store treated water for efficient distribution to households businesses and other end-users. Efficient distribution from storage facilities to homes and businesses is crucial for water delivery. Monitoring and maintenance systems are in place to maintain water quality and detect and repair leaks..

[Audio] We will now discuss sub-surface water obtained from tube wells. This water is extracted from deep underground aquifers and is typically used for drinking irrigation and industrial purposes. It should be noted that tube wells can also be utilized for gas and oil exploration..

[Audio] Water sources can be classified into two types: groundwater and surface water. Groundwater can be obtained from lakes while surface water can be obtained from rivers and lakes..

[Audio] Underground water includes sources such as wells aquifers and springs. Environmental engineering is crucial for understanding the sources of underground water. We must ensure the provision of clean drinking water and support ecosystems..

[Audio] Groundwater lies beneath the earth's surface and is not replenished by precipitation. Artesian wells extract water from underground aquifers making them a source of sub-surface water..

[Audio] Understanding the principles of artesian wells is essential for professionals working in the fields of water treatment and supply systems mining and oil exploration..

[Audio] Discuss the use of horizontal tunnels constructed at shallow depths along the banks of a river to extract water from the ground water table for various purposes including drinking water and irrigation. These are commonly referred to as infiltration galleries. Infiltration galleries are constructed by digging a trench and then lining it with a permeable material such as gravel or sand to allow water to infiltrate into the ground. They can be used in a variety of settings including urban areas and agricultural lands..

[Audio] Horizontal tunnels are constructed at shallow depths along the banks of a river for the purpose of infiltration galleries. These structures are designed to allow groundwater to seep into them from the surrounding soil or rock layers thereby providing a controlled way to extract groundwater for various purposes such as drinking water supply or irrigation. This technique is a sustainable and efficient way to extract groundwater for various uses making it an important aspect of environmental engineering for civil engineering..

[Audio] Discuss the wells used to draw groundwater in the dry season. The most common type are tube wells which can be constructed using a drilling machine to reach the aquifer or water-bearing layer. Water can be extracted using a pump or similar mechanism..

[Audio] An artesian well is a type of well that is drilled into a confined aquifer under pressure. This means that a pervious layer such as sand or gravel is sandwiched between two layers of impermeable rock or clay forming a natural barrier that prevents water from flowing out of the well. This type of well is very useful for extracting water from deep underground sources as it eliminates the need for pumps and other machinery to bring water to the surface. On the other hand a tube well is a type of well that is drilled into a permeable layer of rock or soil and a tube is inserted into the well to extract water..

[Audio] Discussing the extraction of water from the ground through a pipe sunk into the ground. Four options given: open well tube well artesian well and infiltration well. Correct answer: tube well. Tube wells use a tube to extract water from the ground. Perforated tube placed in the water-bearing layer of the ground. Water pumped from the well using a pump. Tube wells commonly used in areas where groundwater not easily accessible through other means..

[Audio] A tube well is a type of well where a pipe is sunk into the ground to access underground water. This pipe allows groundwater to be extracted using a pump or similar mechanism..

[Audio] At atmospheric pressure the well is a gravity well..

[Audio] In this slide deck we will discuss gravity wells in civil engineering specifically as they relate to groundwater extraction and management. A gravity well is a type of well that has a water surface at atmospheric pressure meaning the water level in the well is the same as the groundwater table. This is the simplest type of well and is commonly used for shallow groundwater extraction. However gravity wells have certain limitations. For example they can only be used in pervious strata where there is no significant resistance to water flow and they can only extract water that is within the well's casing and gravel pack. Additionally gravity wells can be affected by changes in atmospheric pressure which can cause fluctuations in the water level in the well. Despite these limitations gravity wells are still a valuable tool for groundwater extraction and management. They are relatively simple to construct and maintain and they can be used in a variety of settings including rural areas and urban environments. In conclusion gravity wells are an important aspect of civil engineering and groundwater extraction and management. By understanding their limitations and potential uses we can ensure that they are used effectively and efficiently in a wide range of settings..

[Audio] Consuming water that has been properly treated and filtered has health benefits..

[Audio] Water is harmful to human health if it is too pure lacking dissolved minerals or salts. It is recommended to consume water with moderate mineral content to avoid mineral deficiencies over time. Water generally contains minerals that are essential to human health. Drinking too pure or distilled water can result in mineral deficiencies..

[Audio] Choose the correct option.. The carth's water circulatory system is known asW (a) water cycleW (b) hydrological cycleW (c) precipitation cycleW (d) all of these.

[Audio] On slide 20 out of 31 we will discuss the Earth's water circulatory system. The system is commonly known as the water cycle hydrological cycle or precipitation cycle. These terms describe the continuous movement of water on above and below the surface of the Earth including processes like evaporation condensation precipitation and runoff. We will examine the various stages of the water cycle and how they contribute to the Earth's overall water balance..

[Audio] An artesian spring is a water source that occurs when an aquifer exposed against a vertical cut in a valley forces water out of a porous rock layer and onto the ground surface. This is not caused by a continuous fault in a rock through which water comes out nor by the porous strata being enclosed between two impervious strata..

[Audio] Artesian springs are formed when rock layers that allow water to flow through become surrounded by layers that prevent water from seeping out. This creates a trapped aquifer that can produce water under pressure. As a result engineers must take this into account when designing water supply systems..

[Audio] Consider several factors such as the size of the gallery the nature of the soil and the yield of the source to determine the quantity of water available from an infiltration gallery. These factors are crucial in determining the quantity of water available from an infiltration gallery..

[Audio] The infiltration gallery is used to gather water that infiltrates the ground. The volume and rate of water that can be extracted from the infiltration gallery depend on several factors such as the nature of the soil or rock through which water infiltrates and the yield of the groundwater source feeding into the gallery. Therefore when selecting an infiltration gallery it is important to consider these factors in order to ensure that the device is suitable for the specific application..

[Audio] We compare the quality of tube well water to surface water..

[Audio] This image can illustrate the concept of natural filtration in environmental engineering. By showing how tube well water is often cleaner than surface water due to natural filtration it can help students understand how to use this concept in their own work as environmental engineers..

[Audio] present a question about the continuous flow of water..

[Audio] Discuss the continuous flow of water from various sources. According to the text we have three different types of springs that can provide a continuous flow of water: surface springs artesian springs and gravity springs. Each of these types of springs can provide a reliable source of water under certain conditions. Surface springs flow where groundwater naturally emerges at the Earth's surface while artesian springs result from pressurized aquifers pushing water to the surface. Gravity springs occur where water flows naturally due to gravitational forces. Therefore we can expect a continuous flow of water from all of these sources..

[Audio] We discussed water-bearing strata which are layers of sand and gravel that allow water to flow..

[Audio] Water bearing strata refer to the sand and gravel layers in the ground that allow water to flow through them. These layers are also known as porous layers. Water bearing strata are an important component of groundwater resources. They are essential in water supply systems and play a crucial role in maintaining the water table. Groundwater is a vital resource for many countries and regions worldwide. It is used for irrigation and industrial purposes. Water bearing strata are a critical aspect of water resource design and management..

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