english_exhibition_sardar_patel_the_architect_of_unification1

. . Government of India Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav 'Sardar Patel The Architect of Unification' Öeø t/øe oeeaUæc NATIONAL UNITY DAY 31 OCTOBER 2022 EXHIBITION.

. Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav Government of India SARDAR PATEL THE ARCHITECT OF UNIFICATION India was invaded and ruled by the foreigners who tried to divide India in the name of religion, region, language, caste, creed and culture. India's struggle to retain its united identity has been phenomenal. Our freedom fighters realised the importance of unity during their fight against the colonial imperialism and worked hard to enlighten the masses about the strength of Unity. Being born on this ancient land, we all should remember and cherish the ancient roots of our culture, which says "Ekoham Bahusyam" which means am one expressed through many. On the occasion of National Unity Day, it's our solemn duty to remember the important contributions of Sardar Vallabhabhai Patel-the Architect of Unification, who played a leading role in India's freedom struggle, guiding its integration into a united, independent nation. Alany thought, a diverse country like India can never remain united. It will fall apart. But, Sardar Vallabhabhai Patel showed the way how India would remain strong and united. We, as citizens of India should learn how to grow from strength to strength and stay united. As we all know, the Hon'ble Prime Alinister of India, Shri. Narendra Modi in his speech on 15th August, 2()22 at Red Fort. had mentioned about the strength of Unity and Integrity as one of the "Panch Pran". In the first year of Amrit Kaal, 31st October is being celebrated as National Unity Day to remember the pran of unity and integrity and vow for it. 'Sardar Patel- The Architect of Unification.

. . Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav Government of India Introduction Before independence India was divided into two types of territories: the British India provinces— governed directly by British, and the princely states- who recognized British suzerainty in return for local autonomy. The State were free to accede with whichever dominion they wished keeping the principle of geographical contiguity in consideration or to remain independent. The problem seemed a gigantic one but, as Lord Mountbatten said in his address to the Indian Constituent Assembly on August 15, 1947, "it was tackled successfully by the "far-sighted statesman," Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel. A separate States Ministry was formed on 5 July 1947 with an objective of political integration of 565 princely states, comprising 215th of the territory, and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel assumed charge as the States Minister and later as Home Minister of independent India. Between 1947 and 1950, three princely states- Hyderabad, Kashmir and Junagadh signed Instrument of Accession and their territories were politically integrated into the Indian union. 'Ihe others which had merged into the existing provinces were organized into new provinces, such as Rajputana, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Bharat and Vindhya Pradesh. 2 Sardar Patel- Ihe Architect of Unification.

. . Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav Government Of India Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel: 31 October 1875-15 December 1950 A brief biography Born on 31 October 1875 at Karamsad in Kaira district of Gujarat, Vallabhbhai Patel received school education at Karamsad, Petlad and Nadiad. He passed the District Pleader Examination inl 900, started practice at Godhra and became a successful criminal lawyer, later shifted at Borsard in 1902. On return from London in 1913 with a degree of barrister, he shifted to Ahmedabad and established himself as foremost criminal lawyer. Sardar Patel- lhe Architect of Unification.

. . Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav Government of India Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel: 31 October 1875-15 December 1950 A brief biography His political journey started in 1915 by becoming the member of Gujarat Sabha that was later converted into Gujarat Provincial Committee in 1919. Being President of the Gujarat Provincial Conference, Mahatma Gandhi appointed Vallabhbhai Patel as the Secretary of its Executive Committee in 1917. Since then Vallabhbhai Patel remained with Gandhiji in all his agitations and social works. He successfully led the agitations of Ahmedabad Mill workers and the peasants of Kheda in 1918. In 1924, he was elected as President of the Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation. As leader of Bardoli Satyagraha in 1928, Patel's determination brought the brutal and tyrannical British authorities to their knees. He was given the title of 'Sardar' by the local peasants of Bardoli. He spent over 9 years in jail in different terms during the struggle for freedom. The years 1947 to 1950 when India marched towards freedom and democracy after partition and mass upheavals, Sardar's brilliance as Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister overcame these troubles. As he said on the eve of the first independence anniversary, 'In free India there is no room for divided loyalties', his determination brought 565 princely states under one India and reorganised them into an new administrative set up. 4 Sardar Patel- "Ihe Architect of Unification.

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. . Government Of India Two Barrister brothers: Vithalbhai Patel and Vallabhbhai Patel on return from London, 1913 Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav Patel as President Of Ahmedabad Municipality leading Gandhiji at a civic reception, 1925 Sardar Patel's mother Ladba with her five sons: Vithalbhai, Somabhai, Kashibhai (Standing), Narsingh and Vallabhbhai, 1927 Patel with members of his family, 31 October 1948 Sardar Patel- The Architect o -.

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. . Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav of India • Sardar Patel walking out of the prison with Azad, Nehru, Shankar Rao Deo, Kriplani, Rajendra Prasad, 16 June 1945 WALK OUT Sardar being arrested on 9 August 1942 during the Quit India Movement OFTHE PRISON NC) ROOM DIVIDED LOYALTY IN INDIA _SIRD Sardar engaged in thoughtful discussion with Gandhiji during Simla Conference, 1945 Sardar Patel's speech on first anniversary of independence. The Statesman, 15.08.1948 9 Sardar Patel- lhe Architect (If Unification.

. . Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav G overnment of India Accession, Integration and Reorganization of States 'Ihe masterly handling of the rulers (Princes) by Sardar was the foremost factor in the success of the accession policy. The rulers soon came to recognize him as a stable force in Indian politics and as one who would give them afair deal. Added to this, his unfailing politeness, the rulers viewed against his reputation as the 'Iron Man of India', endeared him to them and created such confidence that all accepted his advice without demur'. V.P. Menon With Rajendra Prasad, Jagjivan Ram, Sardar Patel receiving the auspicious coconut prior to proceeding to Viceregal Lodge for the swearing in ceremony of Interim Government, 2 September 1946. Sardar busy at work in Home Ministry, 1947. July 25, 1947; When Mountbatten addressed The Chamber ofPrinces to choose either of the 2 dominions; India or Pakistan, there was no third option. Sardar Patel- Ihe Architect of Unification.

. . Government of India Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav Sardar Patel addressing a conference of representatives Of States and provinces called to discuss the refugee problem, from left to right : Maharajas of Alwar, Bharatpur & Patiala, Sardar Patel, V.P. Menon,-Premier G.B. Pant of U.P, Premier Bhargava & Minister Swaran Singh of East Punjab. Saurashtra/Kathiawar Unification of Saurashtra: the dream ofthe Mahatama & Sardar fulfilled; Standing ovation to Sardar at Saurashtra Union Legislative Assembly, 1948; In picture Pushpabehn Mehta, Speaker in front and Letter from Sardar Patel to Lala Shri Ram 9 Feb 1948. Sardar Patel administering the oath Of office to the Jamsaheb Of Nawanagar as the Rajpraukh of the new Saurashtra State in Jamnagar, February 15, 1948. The Rajpramukh Of Saurashtra, The Jam Saheb of Nawanagar, Administers the oath of office to Premier U.N. Dhebar. The Sardar is seated on the left. Unification.

. State Drive with Jam-Saheb Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav Council of rulers and ministers of United State of Kathiawar, 15.02.48. Sardar with Saurashtra Cabinet and Rulers Of Saurashtra States. Little pools of water tend to become stagnant and useless, but that if they are joined together to form a big lake, the atmosphere is cooled and there is universal benefit. -Patel, addressing a public meeting at Bhavnagar on 15 January 1948. Surging jubilant crowds in Rajkot-Welcome magician SARDAR who wielded a bewildering conglomeration Of Saurashtra States into a homogeneous State of Saurashtra (1948). VREE PRB*JOURNAL Indian Troops To Land On Kathiawar Coast OPERATMST The Free Press Journal 6 October 1947. LAND, AIR & UVALF"CES Jeg• United Saurashtra (Kathiawar) State, 1948-56. SA sy-rrRA 1947-56 NAWANAGAR PORBANDAR GONDAL MA NAVADAR H.-l. KATHIAWAR JUNAGADH BHAVNAGAR 12 Sardar Patel- The Architect of Unification.

. Government Of India Deccan UNION OV DEU:AN STATES 14 Sardar Sahib, 1 have favoured with a letter dated 8 September Pandit regarding the question Vnion oi Deccan States. I am the krter represents pint of you both. grateful [or carrying out thc which yen' gave in Visit to you in 16 August. by Panditii in his thc Of you I am Satisfied at in letter. I up thc matter with my it Will to all to Kt up to the never forget the kindness and which to me The and whkh Oi you have for the few months tens Our admiration for you. With renewed thanks and deep resrvcts. Yours sirverely, Letter to Patel from Deccan States Prior to historic merger Of Baroda into Bombay. Patel being received by Dr. Jivraj Mehta and Maharaja Pratap Singh Sardar Patel and Maniben (right) with the Maharaja Of Baroda (centre) and his Chief Minister, Dr. Jivraj Mehta, (left) at Baroda aerodrome before departure for New Delhi. Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav Baroda V.P. Menon's letter to Major General Maharaja Pratap Singh Gaekwad Instrument Of Accession Patel's letter to Dewan of Baroda, Sir B.L.Mitter. 13 Sardar Patel- The Architect of Unification.

. Government Of India Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav Sardar with Maharaja of Baroda, Sri Pratap Singh Rao Gaekwad and Dr. Jivraj Mehta Rajasthan ...Many are amazed that Vallabhbhai Patel was able to sweep them away in so short a time. The Puranas say that Parasuram fought twenty -one battles before he could exterminate the Kshatriya princes, but the new Parasurama needed no battle to make a clean sweep of kings in India... -KM Panikkar " vvhat we have achieved today is merely the fulfilment of the aspirations of Maharana Pratap" —Sardar Patel Sardar swearing-in Maharaja of Jaipur as Raj Pramukh of The United State of Rajasthan [30-3-1949] Sardar leaving the Durbar Hall after inaugurating the Rajasthan Union. On the right is the Maharaja of Jaipur, on the left the Maharaja of Kotah Sir V.T. Krishanamachari, Former Chief Minister, Jaipur, Maniben Patel and V. Shankar at a gathering on the occasion of the inaugural ceremony of the Great Rajasthan Union March, 1949 14 Sardar Patel- The Architect of Unification.

. . Governm ent of India Udaipur Jai 10 April Vallabhbhai Patel ro JOINING RAJASTHAN ro us WANS sv*ONGLV URGE ALLOWED VOX So NOW. '0k nave to TO VOt.• WILL YOUR Jaipur Jodhpur Matsya Union Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav Sardar Patel with Maharaja of Udaipur, Bhupal Singh, 6 January 1949 Sardar Patel with the Maharaja of Jaipur Jinnah signed a blank sheet of paper and gave it to Maharaja Hanwant Singh of Jodhpur along with his fountain pen, saying you can fill in your conditions. -V.P. Menon Inauguration of the Matsya Union being held in Bharatpur, 17.03.1948. The new Union consists of States of Dholpur , Bharatpur, Alwar and Karauli. 15 Sardar Patel- lhe Architect of Unification.

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. . Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav Of In Patiala and East Punjab States (PEPSU) SardM- Vallabhblrxi Patel Sardar Patel at the inauguration of Patiala and East Punjab States Union (PEPSU) 15 July 1948. The Union consists ofthe States of Patiala, Kapurthala, Nabha, Jind, Faridkot, Malerkotla, Kalsia and Nalagarh. Sardar Patel with leading rulers of PEPSU in 1948 -S Sardar Patel addressing a meeting of representatives of Eastern Punjab convened by the Ministry of States in September 1947 to consider problems connected with evacuation of population from west Punjab. [left to right] H. R. Sharma Foreign Minister, Patiala; Maharaja of Patiala; General Russell; Maj-Gen Cariappa, on Sardar's left is V.P. Menon, Secretary, Ministry of States The Rulers of Patiala and East Punjab States with V.P. Menon Signing of the Patiala and East Punjab States covenant 17 Sardar Patel- The Architect of Unification.

. . 18. Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav Government of India Chhattisgarh Taking a salute ata police parade at Nagpur in November 1948,Béhind the Sardar is Pandit Ravishankar Shukla, Premier Arriving at Nagpur Aerodrome for merger of Chhattisgarh States on 15-12-47, R.S. Shukla, Premier, C.P & Berar on right and Dr. Barlinge on left Bihar Ihe merger of Eastern States, 'electrified the whole atmosphere... 7he Indian States could not long remain citadels of autocracy. ' The bastions gradually began to give way. -Sardar Patel Manipur With Bihar Governor M.S. Aney (extreme left) And Premier S.K. Sinha -third from right Photograph Of Instrument Of Accession Of the princely state Of Manipur which was published by the orders Of the Maharaja Of Manipur in the Manipur State Gazette Assam The Sardar, on a visit a Gauhati (Assam), Seen with Premier Bard010i.Governor Hydari is behind them in felt hat .18 Sardar Patel- The Architect o Unification.

. AOS' Government of India Odissa Flanked by Orissa Governor Katju and Premier Mahtab, Sardar Patel reviews a Guard of Honour on his arrival in Cuttack Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav TEE TINES or States' Merger Final! Irrevocable ' SARDAR PATEL'S ADVICE ro RULERS With Governor Katju And Two Rulers Of Eastern States, Cuttack, 19 December 1947 •Ihe Times of India, 24 August 1948 Photograph shows Vappala Pangunni Menon conferring with the rulers of states in Orissa Sardar Patel- The Architect of Unification.

. . Azadi Ka EOS' Amrit Mahotsav G overnment Of India Travancore-Cochin The Rulers of Travancore and Cochin, the two Premiers and their colleagues, and the local Congress organizations have given by this act of union an unmistakable proof of these virtues and the complete unity of purpose and devotion to duty thus symbolised by them are a happy augury for the success of this unique enterprise. -Sardar Patel Sardar Patel visit to Travancore- Cochin, May1950. From Left: Maharaja of Cochin, Sardar Patel, Maharaja of Travancore; Behind: V.P. Menon, Manibehn Patel, V. Shankar and his daughters flanked by naval officers. Sardar Patel having a talk with Maharaja Of Cochin after the formation of the Travancore-Cochin Union Members of the Ministry of United States Of Travancore and Cochin being introduced to Sardar .Patel: To the Sardar's right is the Maharaja of Travancore and on his left is the Maharaja of Sardår Patel- The Archifect of Unification.

. Government of India Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav Mysore Sardar Patel with Maharaja of Mysore & Sir Ramaswamy Mudeliar, At a press conference in New Delhi, Sardar Patel reviewing constitutional progress Of the Indian states, January 29, 1948 Dr. Rajendra Prasad administering the oath of office to Sardar as Deputy Prime Minister Dewan Indian Express-October-25, 1947 awn Of In 'No Change Myscme State Popular Ministry A m roe Sardar Patel- The Architect of Unification.

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. Government Of India Instrument of Accession PAKISTAN TIMES Kashmir Ruler declares to Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav Indian Troops advance in Baramulla , Uri-Chakothi sector , Jammu provinces fighting invaders ASHMIR ACCEDES TO INDIAN UNIONT set Up Indian Express, 28 October 1947 dian froops in KashmirOeeupy Strzgy•gie Point Indian Express, 5 November 1947 akistan Times, 28 october 1947 Sardar Patel: The Architect of Unification.

. Government Of India Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav Indian response to SOS from Kashmir on the night of 24 October, 1947. Indian Union Troops landing at •t - Srinagar aerodrome are being rushed to forward areas, 5.11.1947. Sardar Patel meeting Hari Singh (Maharaja of Jammu Kashmir) and RulerS of Other Princely States Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel with Maharaja Hari Singh, 1948 Sardar Patel in Kashmir in 1949 with Sheikh Abdulla Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad and others Patel discussing with Sir Oven Dixon, United mediator on Kashmir issue, May 1950 25 cation.

. of India Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav JUNAGADH After Partition, we had a huge problem. Those who partitioned the country had mental reservations. They thought that this Partition was not the last word, and they started the game immediately thereafter. Among the Kathiawar States, they went to Junagadh and got its Accession to Pakistan.... We woke up in time and those who tried to play the game saw that we were not sleeping. -Sardar Patel "Ihe Nawab of Junagadh, Muhammad Mahabat Khanji, evaded the principle of geographical contiguity (Chamber of Princes meeting on July 25, 1947), without asking the advice of his subjects and against the advice of his fellow princes of Kathiawar, acceded to Pakistan instead of to the Indian Dominion with which the State of Junagadh was geographically contiguous. The Government of India opposed the impropriety of this accession, and demanded a clear verdict by public referendum. The Nawab never having consulted his peoplein regard to accession could not face the difficulties created by the geOgraphiCål situation of the State and the will of his own people. Fearing the rising tide of public feeling, Nawab fled to Pakistan. on the behest of the Dewan Commissioner of Police, and the Government of India took r e administration of Junagadh on November 9, 1947. However goverment decided to reach a decision after conducting a plebiscite, thatsvas held frOW12 -20 February 1948. The result was overwhelmingly in favour of accession to the Indian Union, the number of votes polled was 190,870. Of these, 190,779 were for India and only 91 for Pakistan. A diplomatic. cess of Sardar Patel's untiring 3 26 effö s "Victory to Sardar Patel ! " Liberty celebration amidst Sardar Patel 's •y presence at Junagadh, 13 November 1947 Saridar Patel• Thc Archite&t Unifica!ion.

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. Government Of India Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav Photograph shows the verdict Of the people which noted in favour of India. Only 91 people voted in favour of Pakistan. After this verdict, Junagadh officially became a part Of India, 1948 'Gone are your days" says the firm-lipped Sardar Patel while addressing a mass rally at Junagadh after the success of Arzi Hukumat' campaign 1947 Victory to Sardar Patel ' ' Liberty celebration amidst Sardar's presence at- Jünagådh,N3Növéhiberå1947itect of Un iJication.

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. . Azadi Ka AmritMahotsav Government of India yd Out m Sm lino A r p;om Trita in Ilow Indian Express, 5 November 1947 . My dear Jawaharlal, bad Phetory O Rifles A Daw Indian Express, 25 Nov. 1947 Nizam 's Police Open Fire on Procession Indian Express, 20 - = NOV. 1947 New 6 October express Please see the enclosed extract from a letter which has been received from England. Reports like this have bccn coming to me from various sources. You will recall the Nizam's dcspcratc attempts to get arms from Czechoslovakia. 2. I feel it is time we told the British Government unrcservcdly that any supply of arms to the Nizam from Britain would be regar- ded as a most serious affair by us and that they should use their utmost [efforts] to see that no such supply of arms is madc to the Nizam's Government without our concurrence. The Hon'ble Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru Prime Minister New Delhi 30 Yours sincerely, Vallabhbhai Patel Sardar Patel discussing the Hyderabad problem with his advisors [L to RI Major General J.N. Chaudhuri, M.K. Vellodi, l.c.s., N.B. Buch, l.c.s. V. Shankar, I.C.S. Sardår Patel- The Architect of Unificatiön.

. . Government of India Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav Hyderabad Police Action 'OPERATION POLO' Hyderabad Police Action under the banner of 'Operation Polo' took place in September 1948 in which the Indian Armed Forces entered the State of Hyderabad, accessioning the state into the Indian Union. Indi an A m ovements ring e operation Polo, 1948 INDIA TROOPS MARCH INTO HYDERABAD Indian Express, 14 September 1947 A panic stricken crowd in Dudhani village after the village was looted by the Razakars o pération Polo, September 1948.

. . . RO'S Government of India Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav A Razakar rally. Kasim Razvi is third from left in the front row. Razakars, a private militia organized by Kasim Razvi to support the rule of Nizam Mir Osman Ali Khan Indian Army Tanks Indian Army Vehicles.

. Government Of India Crowd cheering the Indian Army Azadi Ka Amrit Ma hotsav Last Prime Minister of Hyderabad State Mir Laik Ali Syed Kasim Razvi - Razakars chief of Hyderabad State 33 Major General Syed Ahmed El Edroos, Commander-in-Chief of the Hyderabad State Forces (R) shaking hands with Lt. General Maharaj Kumar Shri Rajendrasinhji Sardar Patel- The Architect of Unification.

. . Government of India Operation Polo, Hyderabad Police Action Major General Joyanto Nath Chaudhuri talking with Major General Syed Ahmed El Edroos, Commander-in-Chief Of the Hyderabad State Forces Azadi Ka Amrit Ma hotsav Hyderabad State Forces Sardar Patel- The Architect of Unification.

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. . EON: Government of India AortON ENOAOVD IN ACTUAL OPERATION : Gwalior Lancers Mysore Lancers Mewar Infantry 4 Gwalior Infantry Rifles Mysore Infantry INDIRECTLY ENGAGED : Baroda I nfantry I Travanccue I nfantry 2 Jodhpur Infantry (Gwalior) (Mysore) (Gwalior) Kolh a pur) (Mysore) (Baroda) (Travancore) (Jodhpur) I hopc this information is what you require. R. K. Birendra Singh for MA-in •C, •sy At a Tea party during a visit to Hyderabad in February 1949. Ihe Sardar is seen with Maj. Gen. Chaudhuri, Military Governor, Mrs. Chaudhary, Mr. V. P. Menon and the Prince Of Berar V'ÄCTION" ÄGAIÅST HYDERABA[ IMMINENT PAItL'S ANNOUNCEMENT PARLIAMENT National Call, 31 August 1948 Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav A t JON HANDS OFF HYDERABAD: PATEL WARNS CHURCHILL OUS ATTACK WILL COST AIN INDIA'S COUDWILL P.I.B 30 June 1948 FCI.I.Y .u.l\t TO SITI AIEL EXPIAISS S . htt2 Hindustan Times, 26June 1948 'now a part of India-in fact, the heart of India...lndia has become two. Those who were responsible for starting the agitation for the two-nation theory have got what they wanted. But there are still some in the country who cherish the same ideals. To them I will say that their rightful place is in the other country. It is better for such people to go to Pakistan, for their God is there.... I warn such people that if they ever dreamt that they can get any assistance from outside, or that others outside can interfere in the affairs of Hyderabad, they are insane. The affairs of Hyderabad are an internal problem for the people themselves to decide.' Patel told the people of Hyderabad while addressing the public at Fateh Maidan, 1949 37 Sardar Patel- The Architect (jf Unification.

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