Energy Efficiency And Conservation

Energy Conservation By Ms.Yogita Kyatam Ms.Mrunmayi Pathak Mr.Aditya Gavhane Ms.Pranali Mahajan Ms.Pooja Takade.

Agenda. What is energy? Types of energy. Why to conserve energy? What can we do? Energy conservation in industries. Energy conservation in India..

What is energy?. Energy is defined the ability or capacity to do work. Energy lights our cities, powers our vehicles and runs machinery in factories. It warms and cools our homes, cooks our food, plays our music and gives us pictures on television..

Energy use has changed a great deal since people relied solely on the sun, their own strong bodies or beasts of burden as energy resources..

MCj03119960000 1. Long ago, people learned how to use water power to turn paddle wheels and wind power for transportation and irrigation..

People learned to use the chemical energy stored in materials like wood to cook and heat their homes..

j0285360. But machines and technologies introduced during the Industrial Revolution of the late 18 th century required the use of other energy resources, especially fossil fuels..

Types of Energy. Renewable energy : It is the energy obtained from sources that are essentially inexhaustible such as sun and wind. Non-renewable energy: It is the energy that comes from the ground and is not replaced in a relatively short amount of time..

Non-renewable energy examples. Thermal power plants using fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum oil or natural gas. Nuclear power plant.

Renewable Energy. A renewable energy system converts the energy found in sunlight, wind, falling water, sea waves, geo-thermal heat or biomass into a form, we can use such as heat or electricity..

Renewable Energy Examples. Solar energy Wind energy Hydro power Biomass Geo-thermal Tidal energy Wave energy Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC).

Solar Power. Solar power is a promising, renewable energy resource than can be turned into electricity, and it is used in many toys and even home heating..

Wind Energy. Wind power is increasingly being used as a clean source of renewable energy. Turbines harvest wind on wind farms and generate electricity..

Hydro Power. Hydroelectric plants use running water to generate electricity, however they may flood nearby lands and can disrupt the normal flow of water, both of which negatively affect the environment..

Geothermal Power. Geothermal power uses the earth’s natural heat to generate electricity..

Tidal Power. Tidal power is a form of hydropower that converts the energy obtained from tides into electricity ..

OTEC. In OTEC, we use the temperature difference between the hot surface of the ocean and the cooler, deeper layers beneath to generate electricity..

Energy Conservation. Energy conservation is the practice of decreasing the quantity of energy use for the same quality and quantity of Output. It may be achieved through efficient use, in which case energy use is decreased while achieving a similar outcome. Energy conservation also includes prevention of misuse of energy..

Why to Conserve Energy. Our energy demands are continuously increasing (about 14% per year) In 2015-16, India’s energy demand was 1114408 MU and availability was 1090851 MU (2.1% shortage). Similarly, peak demand was 153366 MW and availability was 148463 MW (3.2% shortage)..

Why to Conserve Energy …... To make up the gap between demand and supply, new power plants have to be installed, which requires capital and time. To meet the growing demand, it has been assessed that additional generating capacity of 1 lakh MW has to be added by 2017 requiring an investment of Rs. 8,00,000 crore approximately. An alternative is Energy Conservation. Energy Conservation measures can reduce power demand and prune building up of additional generating capacity to the extent it can be conserved..

Why to Conserve Energy …... We have limited resources of fossil fuels available on Earth. 60% resources are consumed so far. We need a sustainable growth and save the resources for future generations. Energy conservation is one way to achieve this. Our electricity bill becomes less..

Why to Conserve Energy …... It is not merely a technological issue but it encompasses much broader economic and management issues. The cost effective of energy conservation measures is well established as one unit of energy saved at the consumer end avoids nearly 2.5 to 3 times of capacity augmentation due to plant load factor, plant availability, auxiliary power consumption..

Why to Conserve Energy …... Thermal power shares about 65% of total electricity in India and also in the whole world. Poisonous gases such as CO, NO x , SO X and ash are released to the atmosphere causing environment pollution. CO 2 is released, which is the main factor for global warming and climate change..

Sector wise Energy Consumption. Type of Consumer Percentage of Consumption Agricultural 5 Industry 49 Transport 22 Residential 10 Others 14.

Energy Saving Potential. Sector Potential(%) Economy as a whole Up to 23 Agricultural Up to 30 Industrial Up to 25 Transport Up to 20 Domestic and Commercial Up to 20.

Electricity Used for Lighting. Nearly 10% of the electricity is consumed for lighting in the residential & commercial building. This amounts to a connected load of approx. 11,000 MW and annual electricity consumption of 50 billion KWh..

Energy savings in lighting System. Make maximum use of natural light (translucent sheets/more windows and openings) Switch off when not required Modify lighting layout to meet the need Select light colors for interiors Provide timer switches / PV controls / photo sensors Provide lighting Transformer to operate at reduced voltage Install energy efficient lamps, luminaries and controls Clean translucent sheet and luminaries regularly.

Comparison Chart LED Light, Incandescent Light & CFL.

Blue tissue paper. Recycled paper. Energy Conservation Day, NALCO, Angul, 14th December 2016.

Energy Saving in Fan. Fans are used extensively in summer months. Use of high efficiency fan motor and use of electronic regulator (in place of conventional resistance regulator) can lead to about 20% saving in energy. The fans with aerodynamic designs and improved impellers consume about 20% less energy but are 30% costlier as compared to conventional fans..

Energy Saving in Refrigerator. The efficiency of refrigerators in India, is rather poor. A typical 165 ltr . Indian refrigerator consumes about 540 KWH per year. Whereas on the other hand the 200 ltr . Korean model consumes about 240 KWH per year. High efficiency refrigerator are not manufactured in India. This refrigerators use a different compressor design which are very sensitive to voltage of electric supply. Unless quality of electric supply is improved this refrigerators can not be improved in India..

Energy Conservation in Industries. Energy saving potential in different industrial equipments: Boiler Compressor Furnace Diesel Generating Set Motor Pump Refrigeration.

Blue tissue paper. Recycled paper. Energy Conservation Day, NALCO, Angul, 14th December 2016.

Blue tissue paper. Causes for Energy Loss in Induction Motors The Various causes of Energy Loss in Induction Motors are due to the following factors: Over sized Motors Rewound Motors Improper Voltage Less Efficient Motor – Driven Equipment Idle Run.

Blue tissue paper. Over sized Induction Motor Sizing of Motors plays a vital Role in Energy Efficiency. It is very difficult to choose a right size of Motor in a single step application. In any industry while designing the capacity of motor for a particular application involves two/three stages. Over sizing of motor is very common in typical industry.

Blue tissue paper. Over sized Induction Motor (contd.) The major reasons for over sizing of motors may be due to ::: Starting torque requirements Excess cushion & safety factors Adhoc decisions.

Blue tissue paper. Rewound Motors Rewound Induction Motors are common in Indian Industries. Especially, in Textiles, Paper industries and Un- organised sectors such as small Flour mills, Lathe shop and Agricultural farms. Induction Motors are used even after more than four times rewound..

Blue tissue paper. Rewound Motors (contd.) Reason for loss in efficiency Rewound Motors ::: Eddy Current loss – eddy current loss is proportional to the square of the thickness of the lamination At the time motor coil burning the temperature of the winding rises more than 400 o C, this temperature will evaporate the varnish insulation between lamination of both rotor and stator this results in increase of eddy current loss.

Blue tissue paper. Presence of carbon: the stator and rotor core is made up of thin stamping (0.28mm to 0.45mm). The stamping are insulated from each other by varnish insulation coating, which consists of hydrocarbon. Therefore while motor coil burns varnish also burns and evaporates. The resulting deposition of some unburned carbon between the stampings deteriorates the magnetic property and hence the magnetic loss increases..

Blue tissue paper. Improper Voltage The performance of any induction motor will be good, when the voltage/frequency ratio should be maintained constant. If a 380 Volt 50 Hz designed induction motor operated with 415V, 50Hz will lead to excess magnetisation loss. This will be the case in many of the imported motors designed for other frequency and voltage than Indian frequency & voltage..

Blue tissue paper. Less Efficient Motor – Driven Equipment Earlier for variable speed, welding application etc., Motor Generator sets are used. This is the Energy Inefficient practice. This offers a good scope to reduce energy consumption by using the latest technology to meet the requirements For example the recent method to get accurate variable speed control can be achieved by using Thyristor drives which is the ideal replacement for Ward Leonard drive. Similarly Motor Generator set is used for welding application..

Blue tissue paper. Presently few machines are driven by Ward Leonard drives for better speed control. From Energy Efficiency point of view Ward Leonard drives are inefficient and operating efficiency is only 70 to 80% for full load condition. The power measurements indicated that no load power consumption of the drive varies from 10 to 14%. The modern Thyristor drives with fine speed control is popular in Industry and its efficiency is around 90 to 98%. The no load power consumption is almost negligible..

Blue tissue paper. Idle Run In some of the industrial applications, the auxiliary equipment need to run even main equipment is switched off. There is a possibility to switch off whenever possible by incorporating controls like interlocks and timer based controllers. This will reduce the idle running time and energy consumption..

Energy Conservation in Industries …. Energy Conservation Day, NALCO, Angul, 14th December 2016.

Energy Conservation Day, NALCO, Angul, 14th December 2016.

Energy Conservation in Industries …. Energy Conservation Day, NALCO, Angul, 14th December 2016.

Energy Conservation in Industries …. Energy Conservation Day, NALCO, Angul, 14th December 2016.

Energy Conservation Day, NALCO, Angul, 14th December 2016.

Energy Conservation in Industries …. Energy Conservation Day, NALCO, Angul, 14th December 2016.

Energy Conservation Day, NALCO, Angul, 14th December 2016.