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Pineal gland
Thyroid:
Thymus
Thalamus
Pituitary gland
Thyroid cartilage
of the larynx
Thyroid gland
Parathyroid glands
(on posterior side
of thyroid)
Trachea
Adrenal glands
Pancreas
Uterus
Ovaries (female)
Testes (male)

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Glands— produce and secrete 
hormones that the body uses for a 
wide range of functions. These 
control many different bodily 
functions, including respiration, 
metabolism, reproduction, 
sensory perception, movement, 
sexual development, and growth.

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Acromegaly—is a hormonal 
disorder where the pituitary gland 
produces excess amounts of growth 
hormone.

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Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia 
(Enlarged Prostate)—is non-
cancerous enlargement of the 
prostate gland, a common 
occurrence in older men.

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Graves Disease—is the most 
common form of hyperthyroidism. It 
occurs when your immune system 
mistakenly attacks your thyroid gland 
and causes it to overproduce the 
hormone thyroxine.

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Cortisol is a hormone 
produced by the adrenal 
gland. It is involved in the 
stress response and 
increases blood pressure 
and blood sugar levels.

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Hirsutism is excessive "male" pattern 
hair growth that appears on the face, 
back, chest, abdomen, and thighs in 
women.

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Hypoglycemia, also called low blood 
sugar, occurs when your blood 
glucose level drops too low to provide 
enough energy for your body's 
activities. Patients with severe 
hypoglycemia may experience 
unconsciousness or seizures due to 
low blood sugar.

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Insulin—is a protein pancreatic hormone 
involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates 
and the regulation of glucose levels in the 
blood. Diabetes occurs when the body 
doesn’t produce enough insulin or use the 
hormone effectively.

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Diabetes—is a disease in which 
blood glucose levels are above 
normal. The body of a person 
with diabetes either doesn't 
make enough insulin or can't 
use its own insulin as well as it 
should.

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Cushing Syndrome—is a hormonal disorder 
caused by prolonged exposure of the 
body's tissues to high levels of the 
hormone cortisol. Sometimes called 
"hypercortisolism," it is relatively rare and 
most commonly affects adults aged 20 to 
50.

ENDOCRINOLOGY SYSTEM: IMPORTANT TERMS

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