CONCRETE

[Virtual Presenter] Good morning everyone! Today, we will be discussing the fundamentals behind concrete construction and estimates. We will learn about the different components of concrete, principles of mixing, and the types of aggregates. We will also explore how Max Fajardo has refined the process of construction and its associated estimates. Let's get started!.

[Audio] Concrete has become a popular choice for construction due to its cost-effectiveness, durability and versatility. It comes in two forms: plain concrete and reinforced concrete. Plain concrete is made with a mixture of cement, coarse and fine aggregates, and water. Reinforced concrete is a mix of concrete and reinforcement such as steel bars, woven wire mesh or other materials. The type of concrete used will depend on the type of construction project. With the correct combination of concrete, reinforcement and skill, structures can be built that are strong and secure for years..

[Audio] Understanding the concrete composition and aggregate classification is essential for accurate construction estimates. Cement must have a composition range of 1.6% to 65%, with silica, alumina, iron oxide, magnesia, and sulfur trioxide present in varying amounts based on the type of cement. Aggregates are classified by size, with course aggregate consisting of particles retained on a 5mm sieve and fine aggregate consisting of particles passing on a 5mm sieve. Incorporating the components and classifications of cement and aggregates is imperative in construction estimates..

[Audio] To achieve the desired strength and quality of concrete, an actual trial and adjustment process must be undertaken to determine the proportions of the mix. The water-cement ratio must be established first, followed by the cement-aggregate ratio to meet the workability requirements. As per the requirements of ACI, the fresh concrete should be workable and the hardened concrete should possess the strength to take the design load, as well as endure the conditions for its intended purpose. Additionally, it should be produced cost-effectively..

[Audio] Concrete construction estimates can appear challenging initially, however with the correct expertise they can be made easier. In this chapter, we will examine the different types of concrete mixtures, as well as the unit of measure which is utilized to precisely estimate materials for concrete structures. Armed with this information, you will be able to make sound decisions when it comes to your concrete construction estimates..

[Audio] In this chapter, we will explore the process of converting measurements from inches to meters. To do this, we need to look at a conversion table which shows the number of meters per inch. With this data, we can then accurately convert measurements from inches to meters. As you can see, this process can be made simpler and quicker with the help of this table..

[Audio] When it comes to proportioning concrete mixtures, there are two different ways to approach it. The most convenient way is by volume, using an empty plastic bag of cement, or measuring boxes for sand and gravel. This method is simple and reliable, and can easily be adjusted to achieve the desired consistency. Making precise measurements is essential for achieving consistent concrete mixes. Measuring out the exact amount of each individual aggregate, as well as the correct amount of water, is critical for creating consistent and durable concrete..

[Audio] When estimating for concrete and masonry works, various factors should be taken into consideration as any of these may affect the accuracy of the calculations. These include the delivery of incorrect volume of aggregates, dumping of materials in an uneven area, incorrect measuring of aggregates when mixing, the utilization of cement and fine aggregate for grouting, the waste of cement caused by handling and transporting, the use of pure cement powder by masons for plastering, and the risk of pilfering and theft. When ordering for course aggregate, attention must be given to the type of gravel, either crushed stone or natural gravel, the minimum and maximum size of gravel, and the screening of natural gravel to obtain a well-graded course aggregate..

[Audio] We need to calculate the amount of cement bags, sand and gravel in cubic meters required for a proposed concrete pavement which is 10 cm thick, 3 meters wide and 5 meters long. To do this, we can use a "Class C" mixture..

[Audio] The proposed solution for this slide is to calculate the volume of the concrete pavement. The volume is determined by multiplying the thickness, width, and length, which gives us a volume of 1.5 cubic meters. We refer to Table 1-2 and multiply the volume into the corresponding values. A 40kg cement class C mixture requires 9 bags of cement, 0.75 cubic meters of sand, and 1.50 cubic meters of gravel. Similarly, a 50kg cement class C mixture results in 7.5 bags of cement, 0.75 cubic meters of sand, and 1.50 cubic meters of gravel..

[Audio] The "Area Method" is simplified in this chapter to determine the amount of cement, sand and gravel required for a concrete slab. Table 1-3 allows for a quick calculation of the amount of material needed per square meter, depending on the slab's thickness. This method is simpler and more efficient than the Volume Method..

[Audio] In this slide, we will learn how to solve illustration 1-1 by the area method. Calculating the area of the illustration gives us 15 cubic meters. Referring to Table 1-3 shows the required cement class for this problem. Multiplying the area with the indicated cement class gives us 9.0 bags of cement, 0.50 bags of sand and 1.00 bags of gravel. Comparing these quantities with those of illustration 1-1 confirms that the results are the same..

[Audio] Estimating the quantity of materials for concrete posts or columns can be done in two ways: volume method and linear meter method. For example, a concrete column seven meters high with a cross sectional dimension of 20 by 20 inches requires a certain amount of cement, sand and gravel content if there are 8 columns in a row using class “A” concrete. This can be determined using either the volume or the linear meter method..

[Audio] We must first convert all dimensions from inches to meters to calculate the amount of cement needed for the construction of a square column. The volume of one column is equal to 1.75 cubic meters and the total volume of 8 columns is 14 cubic meters. Using Table 1-2, which states the use of 40 kg. cement for Class A concrete, we can multiply it with the total volume to get the number of cement bags needed, which is 126 bags..

[Audio] Determining the cost of construction for a concrete column using the linear meter method begins by calculating the length of the column. Using the values provided in Table 1-4, one is then able to ascertain the required materials by multiplying the length by the values of cement, sand, and gravel provided in the same table. This ensures an accurate estimation of the cost of construction for the concrete column..

[Audio] To solve the problem from Illustration 1-3, the Linear Meter Method can be utilized. This requires multiplying the aggregate length of the 8 columns by 7 meters, resulting in a total of 56 meters. Table 1-4 can then be consulted to determine the quantity of cement, sand, and gravel necessary - 126 bags of cement, 7 cubic meters of sand, and 14 cubic meters of gravel respectively. Comparing the results to Illustration 1-3, it matches..

[Audio] To estimate the quantity of materials for concrete post and footing, a combination of Volume Method, Area and Linear Meter Method can be used. Taking an example of a concrete post 4 meters high with a cross-sectional dimension of 40 by 40 cm, supported by a footing slab 20 cm thick by 1.2 m square, the quantity of cement, sand, and gravel required for a class “A” concrete can be calculated. This calculation should take into account 12 posts of the same size..

[Audio] In this slide, we discuss the construction estimates for the 12 posts and 12 footing slabs specified in the text. Using the Volume Method for the 12 posts and the Area and Linear Meter Method for the 12 footing slabs, the calculations yield the necessary volume of cement, sand and gravel needed to construct these items. Referring to the appropriate Tables with the given class “A” mixture, we multiply the volume by the corresponding figures to determine the exact number of bags of cement, cubic meters of sand and cubic meters of gravel required. With this information, we can create an accurate estimate for the construction of these 12 posts and 12 footing slabs..

[Audio] We will be examining the process of estimating rectangular columns in this chapter. There are 8 rectangular concrete columns with typical cross-sectional dimensions of 40x60 cm and a clear height of 5 meters supporting a beam. Class “A” concrete is being used, so we must determine the quantity of cement, sand, and gravel needed. Let's start!.

[Audio] In this slide, we look at the lengths and heights of the columns and posts as part of the construction estimates. We then have to refer to Tables 1-2 and 1-4 to determine the cement, sand and gravel needed for the project. For the 8 columns, the length is 8 multiplied by 8.00 meters. The height is 40 meters and for the 12 posts, the volume is 3.456 cubic meters. Using 40kg cement class “A” as the concrete mixture, we need to multiply 9.6 cubic meters of the cement with 9.0 to get 86.4 bags. We also need 9.6 cubic meters of sand and 1.0 of gravel. This information gives us a better understanding of the materials and the dimensions needed for this project..

[Audio] Concrete construction relies on two essential components: beams and girders. Beams are reinforced concrete used to span and support weights. Girders are beams that support another beam. To determine the quantities of cement, sand, and gravel needed, illustration 1-6 should be consulted. Having a basic understanding of beams and girders is essential for any concrete construction project..

[Audio] We need to estimate the volume of the beam and the girder, as well as other materials needed for construction. Using the calculations in the slide, the total volume of both the beam and girder is 11.68 cubic meters. Referring to Table 1-2, which uses 40 kg. cement class “A” concrete, we multiply that volume, resulting in 105.12 bags of cement, 5.84 cubic meters of sand and 11.68 cubic meters of gravel..

[Audio] Estimating construction materials for circular column construction can be a challenging task. Fortunately, Max Fajardo's Chapter 1 report simplifies the process by using both the volume method and Table 1-5. This allows for accurate and cost-effective estimation of materials needed for the construction of a circular column. So, if you want to save time and effort in finding the required estimates, Max Fajardo's report is the solution you need..

[Audio] To calculate the amount of concrete materials needed to build five circular concrete columns, with a diameter of 60cm and a height of 6 meters, we must take into consideration the amount of materials needed for the base, walls and top layer of the concrete column. Accuracy and precision are key here in order to make sure there is enough material for the job. Doing this correctly will help save time, money and effort..

[Audio] Max Fajardo gives a simplified approach to construction estimates for a project. The Volume Method involves computing the cross-sectional area of the beam and then multiplying it to obtain the total volume. To get the total volume of the 5 columns, use the 40 kg cement class “A” concrete. On the other hand, the Linear Meter Method is employed for finding the total length of the columns and multiplying it with the value from the table for the cement and sand needed. These two methods show that Max Fajardo provides a hassle-free and reliable way to work out construction estimates for an efficient workflow..

[Audio] Max Fajardo Chapter 1 Report suggests the use of circular pipes as a solution for drainage construction. This offers a number of benefits, such as reduced labor cost, minimized time and cost of materials, making it a cost-effective approach. Such an efficient drainage structure can be achieved with, quite significantly, lesser use of resources..

[Audio] Max Fajardo's report discusses the importance of accurately estimating the quantities of construction materials needed for a successful construction project. It is essential to ensure the right balance of cement, sand, and gravel are used for concrete pipes for drainage purposes as this can determine the longevity of the structure. Detailed calculations must be made to guarantee the correct amount of materials are available for the job at hand..

[Audio] The volume method was used to calculate that the total volume of the 12 pipes is 3.768 cubic meters. According to Table 1-2, 33.912, 1.88 and 3.77 of cement, sand and gravel, respectively, is required for a 40 kg class “A” concrete..

[Audio] A comprehensive table displaying the cost estimates for building materials, labor, and other construction-related expenses can be found in Max Fajardo Chapter 1: Reporters. This table provides an easy and convenient way to compare estimates and maximize cost efficiency. Utilizing this resource allows for informed decisions about construction projects, which in turn increases the likelihood of their successful completion..