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Coal Mining. Submitted to: Mrs. Manjeet kaur. Submitted by: suhani aggarwal Class: 10 th b.

Introduction. Coal mining is the term that encompasses physical extraction or removal of coal from earth’s surface. When coal is used as fuel in power generation, it is referred to as steaming or thermal coal. Coal used to create coke used for manufacturing steel, it is referred to as coking coal or metallurgical coal..

History of coal mining. Ancient people mined coal by picking and scraping and used it for heating , cooking and in ceremonial chambers . In 14 th century, they used it industrially in pottery making. Coal cutting machines were invented In the 1880s. Before this invention, coal was mined from underground with a pick and shovel..

Procedure for coal exploration. Study the general topography of the area. Look for the outcrop of coal in the hillsides, roads or railway cutting, riverbeds. These features indicate the presence of coal bearing strata. Look for fossils, which help in determining the age of rocks and also if coal is likely to exist in that area or not..

Methods of extraction. Surface mining and deep underground mining are the two basics methods used for mining coal. Surface mining is a form of mining in which the soil and rocks covering the mineral deposits are removed . It is carried out when deposits are found closer to the surface. Underground mining is carried out when the mineral deposits are at a distance far beneath to be extracted with surface mining..

Classification of coal mining methods. Coal mining methods Underground mining Board and pillar Longwall method Surface mining Strip mining Slice mining Horizon mining.

Surface mining. Surface mining involves the following sequence: Clearing the land of trees and vegetation. Removing the topsoil. Drilling the hard strata over the coal seam. Fragmenting or blasting the hard strata with explosives. Removing the blasted material. Fragmenting the coal seam by drilling or blasting. Loading the loose coal and transporting it to the plant..

Underground mining. Deep underground mining is needed when coal seams are found too deep underground.60% of the world’s coal production is mined by deep underground mining method. Board and pillar method, longwall method and short wall method are widely used methods..

Miscellaneous methods. Hydraulic mining comprises of breaking down of coal using high pressure of water jet against the face, pressure being increased or decreased according to the hardness of the seam. Hydraulic transport of broken coal is done in three ways: Along t he floor In flumes In pipe ranges.

Factors influencing the choice of coal mining methods.

conclusion. Coal is main formed by the deposition of plants remains on the earth’s surface being subjected to several geological processes over a period of time. The first published reference to the mining of coal in India dates back to the 1774 in the Raniganj coal field. Coal mining methods can be broadly divided into 2 types: surface mining and underground mining. The Indian coal industry is the world’s third largest in terms of production and fourth largest in terms of reserves..