The Civil Rights Movement

The Civil Rights Movement. Comparing. Passive Protest & Militant Activism.

What was the Civil Rights Movement?. abstract. (Spider Martin—Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, © 1965 Spider Martin).

Roots of the Movement. African Americans in America had always been treated unfairly, but leading up to the movement there were some specific events that catalysed their anger:.

Shifts in Methods of the Movement. Passive. Passive protestors used methods that involved breaking the law, and were often arrested, but did no harm. These include the Sit-ins (the Greensboro Four), Marches (The March on Washington), Boycotts (The Montgomery Bus Boycott), and the “Back to Africa” movement.

Fracturing of the Movement. Passive:. A passive fracture in the Civil Rights movement would be the consequences of resisting against the government..

Demands of the Movement. Passive Equal standing with white race in society Advancement of black owned businesses. Right to a higher education Integration of different races in public facilities Equal protection under the law.

Objectives. Passive:. Passive objectives were objectives that benefited everyone when it came to movement. DuBois and Washington were both examples of passive protestors. Their goal was accomplishing change without violence. DuBois believed in demanding rights and citizenship. Washington's philosophy is not similar, but he defended black people when violence was directed towards them..

Leaders of the C.R. Movement. These are some of the most notable people in the civil rights movement. No matter the way of protest, activism, or their personal philosophy. These people are the reason the civil rights movement exists..

Militant Leaders. Malcolm Little (X). Malcolm was known for his support of black nationalism. He gave many speeches and had a powerful influence. Malcolm didn't believe in an multiracial approach and criticized anyone he felt deteriorated the movement. Malcolm had a harsh childhood filled with violence, that reflected on his beliefs later in life. His leadership in the Nation of Islam (NOI) also gave him a large platform..

Passive Leader - Martin Luther King Jr.. Martin Luther King Jr. (MLK Jr.) was known for being a nonviolent civil rights activist MLK Jr. was also a church minister who used his church for Montgomery bus boycott gatherings. MLK Jr. led the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) which gave MLK Jr. a national platform to speak. MLK Jr. believed that nonviolent protesting was the most effective weapon towards freedom. In 1960, MLK Jr. moved back to his hometown and devoted his time to SCLC and the civil rights movement. In October of 1960, MLK Jr. was arrested along with 33 other men due to protesting segregation in an Atlanta department store, but charges were dropped. MLK Jr. knews the power of the media, he used it to his advantage to spread attention to the civil right struggles. He also used it to internationalize his passive tactics..

Organizations in the Civil Rights Movement. CORE.

Supporting Figures of the Civil Rights Movement. Lyndon B. Johnson (36th President).

The NAACP. Fight for Freedom Campaign. (1953) to abolish segregation and discrimination by 1963, wanted to raise 1M annually to fund towards goal.

Government in the Movement. Civil Rights Act. Voting Rights Act.

Important Events of the Civil Rights Movement. These events played an important role to the Civil Rights movement. They were performed by important figures and organizations who contributed to the movement..

Timeline of the Civil Rights Movement. Brown v. Board of Education.

The Sit-Ins. The Sit- In movement was a peaceful protest that started in the 1960’s in Greensboro, North Carolina. The Sit-In movement was started by black college students. These college students sat in diners that would not serve colored people waiting to be served. These students would sit until they were forced to leave or served. This was to protest against segregation and Jim Crow laws..

School Involvement. Mississippi University The Little Rock Nine Brown vs. Board of Education In 1961 James Meredith Applied to the University of Mississippi (and all white school). After being denied admission, he took the case to court. The US supreme court ruled that Meredith should be allowed in the school. Angry white citizens rioted against the marshalls sent to protect Meredith. Meredith later became the first black man to graduate the University. The Little Rock Nine (LRN) were the first black teenagers to attend Little Rock’s Central High School. On the teens first day, their entrance was blocked by the National Guard sent by governor Faubus. A federal judge ordered the teens to go to school immediately, but they were mobbed at the entrance. This led to them being escorted by US troops throughout the school year. (1954) The Brown vs. Board of Education was a case that ruled segregation in public schools violated the constitution. This case led to integration of public schools, but many children were left with no education due to safety concerns..

16th Street Baptist Church Bombing. VWER. The 16th street baptist church, or Birmingham Church, was bombed in 1963 by the KKK. This bombing resulted in the death of 4 innocent black girls. It caught the attention of the media and helped publicize the civil rights movement. The attack was made by the KKK and meant to discourage activists, as the church was considered safe space to meet during the civil rights movement.The case was taken to court where 4 members of the KKK were tried, originally they were left uncharged. Later justice was brought when one of them was sentenced to life (1977), two were indicted and sentenced to life (2000), and the 4th died in 1994..

Our Conclusion. The civil rights movement was a movement that took place mostly in the 1960s. It was a movement to end segregation in the United States of America. African Americans risked their lives for equal rights by performing sit-ins, marches, protests, campaigns, boycotts, riots, and many other tactics (both passive and militant). Passive Activism provided nonviolent disobedience to demonstrate their fight for equality. Passive tactics included marches and sit-ins, which were nonviolent ways to prove a point. Militant activism used violent tactics and would resort to any tactic if it meant achieving what they wanted. Militant activism was not just about violence, but racial pride. The belief that black people did not need to be equal with white people, but be in their own group and communities and prompting black empowerment. Many activists began organizations such as the SNCC, MFDP, CORE, and many other groups. These groups were made to organize specific marches, protests, or any public disobedience to fight for their equal rights. Some specific events caught more attention than others like the Greensboro sit-ins, Little Rock Nine, March on Washington, and the Montgomery bus boycott. Attacks like the lynching of Emmett Till and the 16th Street Baptist Bombing spread concern internationally towards the civil rights movement. Figures like Robert Williams, Malcolm X, Martin Luther King Jr., and Lyndon B. Johnson had a major impact on the civil rights movement..

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